Synthesis and catalytic epoxidation activity with TBHP and H2O2 of dioxo-, oxoperoxo-, and oxodiperoxo molybdenum(VI) and tungsten(VI) compounds containing monodentate or bidentate phosphine oxide ligands: crystal structures of WCl2(O)2(OPMePh2)2, WCl2(O)(O2)(OPMePh2)2, MoCl2(O)2dppmO2.C4H10O, WCl2(O)2dppmO2, Mo(O)(O2)2dppmO2, and W(O)(O2)2dppmO2

The dioxo tungsten(VI) and molybdenum(VI) complexes WCl2(O)2(OPMePh2)2, WCl2(O)2dppmO2, and MoCl2(O)2dppmO2, the oxoperoxo compounds WCl2(O)(O2)(OPMePh2)2, WCl2(O)(O2)dppmO2, and MoCl2(O)(O2)dppmO2, and the oxodiperoxo complexes, W(O)(O2)2dppmO2 and Mo(O)(O2)2dppmO2 have been prepared and characterized by IR spectroscopy, 31P NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray crystallography. The structural and X-ray crystallographic data of compounds WCl2(O)2(OPMePh2)2, WCl2(O)(O2)(OPMePh2)2, MoCl2(O)2dppmO2.4H10O, WCl2(O)2dppmO2, Mo(O)(O2)2dppmO2, and W(O)(O2)2dppmO2 are also detailed. All complexes were studied as catalysts for cis-cyclooctene epoxidation in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) or H2O2 as an oxidant. The Mo-based catalysts showed a superior reactivity over W-based catalysts in the TBHP system. On the other hand, in the H2O2 system, the W-based catalysts (accomplishing nearly 100% epoxidation of cyclooctene in 6 h) are more reactive than the Mo catalysts (<45% under some conditions). Various solvent systems have been investigated, and ethanol is the most suitable solvent for the H2O2 system.     

O2/CO2气氛下CO2和H2O气化反应对煤及煤焦燃烧特性的影响

利用热天平对比研究了大同煤及煤焦在O₂/N₂、O₂/CO₂和O₂/H₂O/CO₂中的燃烧行为,探讨CO₂和H₂O气化反应对其富氧燃烧特性的影响。结果表明,在5%氧气浓度下,煤粉在O₂/N₂、O₂/CO₂和O₂/H₂O/CO₂中的燃烧速率按顺序依次降低。氧气浓度降低到2%,由于CO₂和H₂O气化反应的作用,煤粉在高温区的整体反应速率按顺序依次增大。当氧气浓度为5%时,煤焦在O₂/CO₂中的燃烧速率要低于O₂/N₂中的燃烧速率,但燃烧反应推迟后气化反应的参与使得煤焦在O₂/H₂O/CO₂中的整体反应速率显著升高。当氧气浓度降低到2%后,随着温度的升高,在CO₂气化反应的作用下,煤焦在O₂/CO₂中的整体反应速率逐渐高于O₂/N₂中的燃烧速率。在O₂/H₂O/CO₂中,由于H₂O在共气化中起主要作用,煤焦在O₂/H₂O/CO₂高温区的整体反应速率进一步升高。动力学分析表明,在5%氧浓度时,煤焦在O₂/N₂、O₂/CO₂和O₂/H₂O/CO₂中的表观活化能依次升高。随着氧气浓度的降低,在不同反应气氛中的表观活化能均有所下降。     

若干线型Mo-Fe-S簇合物红外光谱及其与结构关系的研究

对若干线型Mo一Fe一S簇合物[Cl2FeS2MoS2FeCl2][-2](1)、[S2MoS2FeCl2]^2^-(2)、[S2MoS2Fe(SPh)2][2-](3)、[S2MoS2FeS2Fe(SPh)2][3-](4)、[S2MoS2FeS2MoS2][3-](5)、Cl2FeS2FeCl2][2-](6)、[(PhS)2FeS2Fe(SPh)2][2-](7)的红外光谱进行了研究。通过比较它们的特征频率、结构参数和金属原子的氧化态,对νMo-St、νMo-SbνFe-Sb、νFe-SPh、νFe-Cl进行了归属。并对δS-Mo-S的归属作了初步探讨。文中讨论了MoS2Fe单元中Mo原子对νFe-Sb的影响, 通过振动频率与结构关系的研究揭示其内在联系及规律性。对两条途径的亲电诱导效应进行了讨论, 并提出一个能定性标志Fe→Mo电荷迁移大小的有用参数Δν值。     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Diiron Azadithiolate Complex [（μ-SCH_2）_2NPh]Fe_2（CO）5（Ph_2PCH_2PPh_2）

Reaction of [(μ-SCH2)2NPh]Fe2(CO)6 with Ph2PCH2PPh2 in the presence of Me3NO·2H2O gave the title complex [(μ-SCH2)2NPh]Fe2(CO)5(Ph2PCH2PPh2)(1)in 78% yield.The new complex 1 was characterized by elemental analysis,spectroscopy and X-ray crys-tallography.It crystallizes in triclinic,space group P1 with a = 10.832(2),b = 12.003(2),c = 15.579(3),V = 1785.6(6)3,Z = 2,C32H26Fe2NO5PS2,Mr = 819.40,Dc = 1.524 g/cm3,μ(MoKα)= 1.064 mm-1,F(000)= 840,T = 113(2)K,the final R = 0.0543 and wR = 0.1218 for 6203 observed reflections(I > 2σ(I)).The Ph2PCH2PPh2 ligand resides in an axial position of the square-pyramidal coordination sphere of the Fe atom and trans to the benzene ring in order to reduce the steric repulsion between Ph2PCH2PPh2 and the benzene ring.     

Gallane complexes with amido-amine ligands

Gallane complexes bearing amido-amine ligands -N(R)CH2CMe2CH2NMe2 [R = H or SiMe3 (TMS)], (H2Ga[N(H)CH2CMe2CH2NMe2])2, 1, H2Ga[N(TMS)CH2CMe2CH2NMe2], 2, (H(Cl)Ga[N(H)CH2CMe2CH2NMe2])2, 3, ([(TMS)2N](H)Ga[N(H)CH2CMe2CH2NMe2])2, 4, and HGa[N(TMS)CH2CMe2CH2NMe2]2, 5, were synthesized from the reactions of the quinuclidine adducts of mono- and dichlorogallane with the corresponding lithium amides. Structural determinations of compounds 1, 3, and 4 showed all were dimeric with bridging amido groups. Rather than bond to gallium the tertiary amine groups in 1 and 4 were hydrogen-bonded to the amino N-H. In the structure of compound 3 the amine group occupied an axial position in the trigonal bipyramidal geometry of the five-coordinate gallium. The results were rationalized in terms of the steric and electronic properties of gallium ligands.     

Selective catalytic reduction of NO by C2H2 over Ce-Al2O3 catalyst with rate-determining step of NO oxidation

Ce-Al2O3 catalysts prepared by co-precipitation are investigated both in NO oxidation by O2 and in selective catalytic reduction of NO by C2H2(C 2 H 2-SCR).It is found that C2H2-SCR is initiated and controlled by NO oxidation to NO 2 over Al2O3.Ce loading on Al2O3 is almost inactive for NO oxidation below 350 C,since NO2 strongly adsorbs on cerium oxide,leading to the active sites being blocked,which was characterized by temperature-programmed desorption of NO and NO 2 and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy after NO+O 2 coadsorption over the samples.However,in the case of C2H2-SCR,Ce loading on Al 2 O 3 significantly improves the reaction by accelerating the NO oxidation step in the temperature range of 250-450 C,since the nitrate species produced by NO 2 adsorption is an active intermediate required by C2H 2-SCR.     

硫化合物与H2O2在非催化反应中的非线性行为

硫化学反应中的非线性是近年来非线性化学研究的热点之一，我们注意到CU（11催化剂存在时H202氧化KSCN山、N。。S。0开］出现振荡或复杂振荡现象，但这两个反应的机理研究尚处在不成熟或模糊阶段＊‘1，由于K盯N、＊。。a0。和优（＊H小氧化过程有多种价态的变化，Cu（11）催化     

Reactivity of the "yl"-bond in uranyl(VI) complexes. 1. Rates and mechanisms for the exchange between the trans-dioxo oxygen atoms in (UO2)2(OH)2 2+ and mononuclear UO2(OH)n 2-n complexes with solvent water

The stoichiometric mechanism, rate constant, and activation parameters for the exchange of the "yl"-oxygen atoms in the dioxo uranium(VI) ion with solvent water have been studied using 17O NMR spectroscopy. The experimental rate equation, (-->)v= k(2obs)[UO2(2+)]tot2/[H+]2, is consistent with a mechanism where the first step is a rapid equilibrium 2U(17)O2(2+) + 2H2O<==>(U(17)O2)2(OH)2(2+) + 2H+, followed by the rate-determining step (U(17)O2)2(OH)2(2+) + H2O<==>(UO2)2*(OH)2(2+) + H2(17)O, where the back reaction can be neglected because the (17)O enrichment in the water is much lower than in the uranyl ion. This mechanism results in the following rate equation (-->)v= d[(UO2)2(OH)2(2+)]/dt = k(2,2)[(UO2)2(OH)2(2+)] = k(2,2*)beta(2,2)[UO2(2+)]2/[H + ]2; with k(2,2) = (1.88 +/- 0.22) x 10(4) h(-1), corresponding to a half-life of 0.13 s, and the activation parameters DeltaH++ = 119 +/- 13 kJ mol-1 and DeltaS++ = 81 +/- 44 J mol(-1) K(-1). *Beta(2,)2 is the equilibrium constant for the reaction 2UO2(2+) + 2H2O<==>(UO2)2(OH)2(2+) + 2H+. The experimental data show that there is no measurable exchange of the "yl"-oxygen in UO2(2+), UO2(OH)+, and UO2(OH)4(2-)/ UO2(OH)5(3-), indicating that "yl"-exchange only takes place in polynuclear hydroxide complexes. There is no "yl"-exchange in the ternary complex (UO2)2(mu-OH)2(F)2(oxalate)2(4-), indicating that it is also necessary to have coordinated water in the first coordination sphere of the binuclear complex, for exchange to take place. The very large increase in lability of the "yl"-bonds in (UO2)2(OH)2(2+) as compared to those of the other species is presumably a result of proton transfer from coordinated water to the "yl"-oxygen, followed by a rapid exchange of the resulting OH group with the water solvent. "Yl"-exchange through photochemical mediation is well-known for the uranyl(VI) aquo ion. We noted that there was no photochemical exchange in UO2(CO3)3(4-), whereas there was a slow exchange or photo reduction in the UO2(OH)4(2-) / UO2(OH)5(3-) system that eventually led to the appearance of a black precipitate, presumably UO2.     

Oxygen and nitrogen Lewis base adducts of [UO2(OTf)2]. Crystal structures of polypyridine complexes with out-of-plane uranyl equatorial coordination

Dissolution of [UO2(OTf)2](1) in anhydrous thf, dme or py led to the formation of the complexes [UO2(OTf)2(thf)3](2), [UO2(OTf)2(dme)](3) and [UO2(OTf)2(py)3](4), respectively. Compounds 2 and 4 are neutral monomers in the solid state as well as the chloride [UO2Cl2(py)3](5) which was prepared in a similar way as for from the dimer [[UO2Cl2(thf)2]2]. Addition of 4 equivalents of triphenylphosphine oxide (tppo) to 1 afforded, in pyridine, the dicationic species [UO2(tppo)4][OTf]2 (6). The bi- or terdentate nitrogen molecules 2,2'-bipy, phen or terpy reacted with 1 in acetonitrile or pyridine to give [UO2(OTf)2(bipy)2](7), [UO2(phen)3][OTf]2(8), [UO2(OTf)2(terpy)](9) and [UO2(terpy)2][OTf]2(10), respectively. The hydroxide compound [[UO2(OH)(terpy)]2][OTf]2(11) was obtained by hydrolysis in air of 1 in a mixture of acetonitrile and ethanol in the presence of terpyridine. The X-ray crystal structures of , and reveal a novel coordination geometry for the uranyl ion, the uranium atom being in a rhombohedral environment; the six coordinating ligands atoms of the [UO2]2+ ion are separated into two parallel and staggered equilateral triangles and the UO2 axis is perpendicular to these triangles, passing through their centre. The structures of the mono(terpy) complexes 9 and 11 show the uranium atoms in a distorted pentagonal bipyramidal configuration with the nitrogen atom of the central pyridine ring of the terpy ligand significantly displaced from the equatorial plane.     

重水中固氮酶催化还原乙炔产物的^1H NMR研究

用^1HNMR研究了固氮酶在重水中催化还原乙炔的反应产物氘代乙烯.种用群对称性对^1HNMR谱图进行了归属,计算了几种可能的C`2H~2D~2结构以及C~2H~3D结构的NMR谱线频和强度,得出了理论谱.通过理论谱与实验谱的比较,表明固氮酶在重水中催化还原乙炔的产物主要以顺式结构C~2H~2D~2为主,并含有较多的单氘代烯.单氘代乙烯相对乙烯的化学位移往高场移动约4.0Hz,而双氘代乙烯向高场的位移大约是单氘代乙烯的2倍左右。     

Excited state dynamics of Ag atoms in helium nanodroplets

The excited state dynamics of silver atoms embedded in helium nanodroplets have been investigated by a variety of spectroscopic techniques. The experiments reveal that 5p 2P1/2 <-- 5s 2S1/2 excitation of embedded silver atoms results almost exclusively in the ejection of silver atoms populating the 2P1/2 state. In contrast, excitation to the 5p 2P3/2 state leads to the ejection of not only silver atoms in the 2P1/2, 2P3/2, and 2D5/2 excited states but also of AgHe and AgHe2. These AgHe exciplexes are mainly formed in the A2Pi1/2 electronic state. In addition, it is found that a considerable fraction of the 2P3/2 excited silver atoms become solvated within the helium droplets, most probably as AgHe2. The observations can be accounted for by a model in which the metastable 2D5/2 state of silver acts as a doorway state in the relaxation of 2P3/2 excited silver atoms.     

Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, and Structural Studies of Bis(&mgr;-sulfido)bis[{O,O-dialkyl (alkylene) dithiophosphato}oxomolybdenum(V)] Complexes. Crystal Structures of Mo(2)O(2)S(2)[S(2)P(OEt)(2)](2), Mo(2)O(2)S(2)[S(2)P(OEt)(2)](2).2NC(5)H(5), and Mo(2)O(3)[S(2)P(OPh)(2)](4)

A series of new complexes, Mo(2)O(2)S(2)[S(2)P(OR)(2)](2) (where R = Et, n-Pr, i-Pr) and Mo(2)O(2)S(2)[S(2)POGO](2) (where G = -CH(2)CMe(2)CH(2)-, -CMe(2)CMe(2)-) have been prepared by the dropwise addition of an ethanolic solution of the ammonium or sodium salt of the appropriate O,O-dialkyl or -alkylene dithiophosphoric acid, or the acid itself, to a hot aqueous solution of molybdenum(V) pentachloride. The complexes were also formed by heating solutions of Mo(2)O(3)[S(2)P(OR)(2)](4) or Mo(2)O(3)[S(2)POGO](4) species in glacial acetic acid. The Mo(2)O(2)S(2)[S(2)P(OR)(2)](2) and Mo(2)O(2)S(2)[S(2)POGO](2) compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, (1)H, (13)C, and (31)P NMR, and infrared and Raman spectroscopy, as were the 1:2 adducts formed on reaction with pyridine. The crystal structures of Mo(2)O(2)S(2)[S(2)P(OEt(2))](2), Mo(2)O(2)S(2)[S(2)P(OEt)(2)](2).2NC(5)H(5), and Mo(2)O(3)[S(2)P(OPh)(2)](4) were determined. Mo(2)O(2)S(2)[S(2)P(OEt)(2)](2) (1) crystallizes in space group C2/c, No. 15, with cell parameters a = 15.644(3) ?, b = 8.339(2) ?, c = 18.269(4) ?, beta = 103.70(2) degrees, V = 2315.4(8) ?(3), Z = 4, R = 0.0439, and R(w) = 0.0353. Mo(2)O(2)S(2)[S(2)P(OEt)(2)](2).2NC(5)H(5) (6) crystallizes in space group P&onemacr;, No. 2, with the cell parameters a = 12.663(4) ?,b = 14.291(5) ?, c = 9.349(3) ?, alpha = 100.04(3) degrees, beta = 100.67(3) degrees, gamma = 73.03(3) degrees V = 1557(1) ?(3), Z = 2, R = 0.0593, and R(w) = 0.0535. Mo(2)O(3)[S(2)P(OPh)(2)](4) (8) crystallizes in space group P2(1)/n, No. 14, with cell parameters a = 15.206(2)?, b = 10.655(3)?, c = 19.406(3)?, beta = 111.67(1) degrees, V = 2921(1)?(3), Z = 2, R = 0.0518, R(w) = 0.0425. The immediate environment about the molybdenum atoms in 1 is essentially square pyramidal if the Mo-Mo interaction is ignored. The vacant positions in the square pyramids are occupied by two pyridine molecules in 6, resulting in an octahedral environment with very long Mo-N bonds. The terminal oxygen atoms in both 1 and 6 are in the syn conformation. In 8, which also has a distorted octahedral environment about molybdenum, two of the dithiophosphate groups are bidentate as in 1 and 6, but the two others have one normal Mo-S bond and one unusually long Mo-S bond.     

Solvent effects on the electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry of diruthenium complexes. Studies of Ru2(L)4Cl where L=2-CH3ap, 2-Fap, and 2,4,6-F3ap, and ap is the 2-anilinopyridinate anion

Three Ru2(5+) diruthenium complexes, (4,0) Ru2(2-CH3ap)4Cl, (3,1) Ru2(2-Fap)4Cl, and (3,1) Ru2(2,4,6-F3ap)4Cl where ap is the 2-anilinopyridinate anion, were examined as to their electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties in five different nonaqueous solvents (CH2Cl2, THF, PhCN, DMF, and DMSO). Each compound undergoes a single one-electron metal-centered oxidation in THF, DMF, and DMSO and two one-electron metal-centered oxidations in CH2Cl2 and PhCN. The three diruthenium complexes also undergo two reductions in each solvent except for CH2Cl2, and these electrode processes are assigned as Ru2(5+/4+) and Ru2(4+/3+). Each neutral, singly reduced, and singly oxidized species was characterized by UV-vis thin-layer spectroelectrochemistry, and the data are discussed in terms of the most probable electronic configuration of the compound in solution. The three neutral complexes contain three unpaired electrons as indicated by magnetic susceptibility measurements using the Evans method (3.91-3.95 muB), and the electronic configuration is assigned as sigma2pi4delta2pi(*2)delta, independent of the solvent. The three singly oxidized compounds have two unpaired electrons in CD2Cl2, DMSO-d6, or CD3CN (2.65-3.03 muB), and the electronic configuration is here assigned as sigma2pi4delta2pi(*2). The singly reduced compound also has two unpaired electrons (2.70-2.80 muB) in all three solvents, consistent with the electronic configuration sigma2pi4delta2pi(*2)delta(*2) or sigma2pi4delta2pi(*3)delta*. Finally, the overall effect of solvent on the number of observed redox processes is discussed in terms of solvent binding, and several formation constants were calculated.     

Hydrogen NMR of H2-TDF-D2O clathrate

The three-component clathrate H2-TDF-D2O offers hydrogen storage at lower pressure, but with reduced weight fraction of H2, compared to H2-H2O clathrate. In H2-TDF-D2O, H2 resides exclusively and singly in the small cages of structure II, allowing the rotational behavior of H2 in this nominally uniform environment to be probed. Here we report NMR measurements of the H2 line shape and relaxation times T1, T2, and T1rho. The principal differences in the results, compared to the H2-D2O binary system, are the dips in T2 and T1rho near 28 K due to thermally activated reorientation of TDF molecules, line-narrowing and decreases in T2 and T1rho near 175 K due to D2O reorientations and diffusion, and the apparent absence of H2 diffusion between small cages.     

Dinitrogen functionalization with terminal alkynes, amines, and hydrazines promoted by [(eta5-C5Me4H)2Zr]2(mu2,eta2,eta2-N2): observation of side-on and end-on diazenido complexes in the reduction of N2 to hydrazine

Functionalization of the N2 ligand in the side-on bound dinitrogen complex, [(eta5-C5Me4H)2Zr]2(mu2,eta2,eta2-N2), has been accomplished by addition of terminal alkynes to furnish acetylide zirconocene diazenido complexes, [(eta5-C5Me4H)2Zr(C[triple bond]CR)]2(mu2,eta2,eta2-N2H2) (R = nBu, tBu, Ph). Characterization of [(eta5-C5Me4H)2Zr(C[triple bond]CCMe3)]2(mu2,eta2,eta2-N2H2) by X-ray diffraction revealed a side-on bound diazenido ligand in the solid state, while variable-temperature 1H and 15N NMR studies established rapid interconversion between eta1,eta1 and eta2,eta2 hapticity of the [N2H2]2- ligand in solution. Synthesis of alkyl, halide, and triflato zirconocene diazenido complexes, [(eta5-C5Me4H)2ZrX]2(mu2,eta1,eta1-N2H2) (X = Cl, I, OTf, CH2Ph, CH2SiMe3), afforded eta1,eta1 coordination of the [N2H2]2- fragment both in the solid state and in solution, demonstrating that sterically demanding, in some cases pi-donating, ligands can overcome the electronically preferred side-on bonding mode. Unlike [(eta5-C5Me4H)2ZrH]2(mu2,eta2,eta2-N2H2), the acetylide and alkyl zirconocene diazenido complexes are thermally robust, resisting alpha-migration and N2 cleavage up to temperatures of 115 degrees C. Dinitrogen functionalization with [(eta5-C5Me4H)2Zr]2(mu2,eta2,eta2-N2) was also accomplished by addition of proton donors. Weak Br?nsted acids such as water and ethanol yield hydrazine and (eta5-C5Me4H)2Zr(OH)2 and (eta5-C5Me4H)2Zr(OEt)2, respectively. Treatment of [(eta5-C5Me4H)2Zr]2(mu2,eta2,eta2-N2) with HNMe2 or H2NNMe2 furnished amido or hydrazido zirconocene diazenido complexes that ultimately produce hydrazine upon protonation with ethanol. These results contrast previous observations with [(eta5-C5Me5)2Zr(eta1-N2)]2(mu2,eta1,eta1-N2) where loss of free dinitrogen is observed upon treatment with weak acids. These studies highlight the importance of cyclopentadienyl substituents on transformations involving coordinated dinitrogen.     

Monitoring dehydration and condensation processes of Na2HPO4*12H2O using thermo-Raman spectroscopy

Thermal dehydration and condensation processes of disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate (Na2HPO4*12H2O) were monitored by thermo-Raman spectroscopy (TRS). Various hydrated forms Na2HPO4*12H2O, Na2HPO4*8H2O, Na2HPO4*7H2O, Na2HPO4*2H2O, Na2HPO4*H2O and Na2HPO4 were observed, followed by condensation of Na2HPO4 to sodium pyrophosphate (Na4P2O7) in a dynamic thermal process. Representative Raman spectra of all the hydrated forms Na2HPO4*12H2O, Na2HPO4*8H2O, Na2HPO4*7H2O, Na2HPO4*2H2O, Na2HPO4*H2O and Na2HPO4 were detected in both H2O and PO4(3- )regions are reported. The thermo-Raman intensity (TRI) thermogram also showed systematic loss of water in five steps of dehydration, with the differential TRI thermogram in agreement shows five dips corresponding to the five steps of dehydration, respectively. Thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermogravimetry (DTG) are in harmony with the results of TRS, though, the two could not resolve the steps involved.     

Synthesis and Characterization of O,O-Dialkyl and Alkylene Dithiophosphoric Acid Adducts of Diphenyl Diselenide

Diphenyl diselenide reacts with O,O-dialkyl and alkylene dithiophosphoric acids in equimolar amounts in refluxing benzene to yield Ph 2 Se 2 HS 2 P(OR) 2 , R = Et, Pr-n, Pr-i, Bu-i and Ph, and Ph 2 Se 2 HS 2 POGO where G = CH 2 CMe 2 CH 2 m , --CH 2 CEt 2 CH 2 m , and --CMe 2 CMe 2 m . The complexes are sticky solids, soluble in common organic solvents and monomeric in nature. These have been characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, molecular weight determinations, UV, IR, and NMR ( 1 H, 13 C, and 31 P NMR). Spectral data reveal addition of dithiophosphate moieties to Ph 2 Se 2 .     

Sequential reaction intermediates in aliphatic C-H bond functionalization initiated by a bis(mu-oxo)dinickel(III) complex

The reaction of [Ni2(OH)2(Me2-tpa)2]2+ (1) (Me2-tpa = bis(6-methyl-2-pyridylmethyl)(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) with H2O2 causes oxidation of a methylene group on the Me2-tpa ligand to give an N-dealkylated ligand and oxidation of a methyl group to afford a ligand-based carboxylate and an alkoxide as the final oxidation products. A series of sequential reaction intermediates produced in the oxidation pathways, a bis(mu-oxo)dinickel(III) ([Ni2(O)2(Me2-tpa)2]2+ (2)), a bis(mu-superoxo)dinickel(II) ([Ni2(O2)2(Me2-tpa)2]2+ (3)), a (mu-hydroxo)(mu-alkylperoxo)dinickel(II) ([Ni2(OH)(Me2-tpa)(Me-tpa-CH2OO)]2+ (4)), and a bis(mu-alkylperoxo)dinickel(II) ([Ni2(Me-tpa-CH2OO)2]2+ (5)), was isolated and characterized by various physicochemical measurements including X-ray crystallography, and their oxidation pathways were investigated. Reaction of 1 with H2O2 in methanol at -40 degrees C generates 2, which is extremely reactive with H2O2, producing 3. Complex 2 was isolated only from disproportionation of the superoxo ligands in 3 in the absence of H2O2 at -40 degrees C. Thermal decomposition of 2 under N2 generated an N-dealkylated ligand Me-dpa ((6-methyl-2-pyridylmethyl)(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) and a ligand-coupling dimer (Me-tpa-CH2)2. The formation of (Me-tpa-CH2)2 suggests that a ligand-based radical Me-tpa-CH2* is generated as a reaction intermediate, probably produced by H-atom abstraction by the oxo group. An isotope-labeling experiment revealed that intramolecular coupling occurs for the formation of the coupling dimer. The results indicate that the rebound of oxygen to Me-tpa-CH2* is slower than that observed for various high-valence bis(mu-oxo)dimetal complexes. In contrast, the decomposition of 2 and 3 in the presence of O2 gave carboxylate and alkoxide ligands, respectively (Me-tpa-COO- and Me-tpa-CH2O-), instead of (Me-tpa-CH2)2, indicating that the reaction of Me-tpa-CH2* with O2 is faster than the coupling of Me-tpa-CH2* to generate ligand-based peroxyl radical Me-tpa-CH2OO*. Although there is a possibility that the Me-tpa-CH2OO* species could undergo various reactions, one of the possible reactive intermediates, 4, was isolated from the decomposition of 3 under O2 at -20 degrees C. The alkylperoxo ligands in 4 and 5 can be converted to a ligand-based aldehyde by either homolysis or heterolysis of the O-O bond, and disproportionation of the aldehyde gives a carboxylate and an alkoxide via the Cannizzaro reaction.     

Selenium dioxide oxidations of dialkyl-3H-azepines: the first synthesis of 2-azatropone from oxidation of 2, 5-Di-tert-butyl-3H-azepine

Oxidation reactions of 2,5- and 3,6-di-tert-butyl-3H-azepines (1 and 2) with selenium dioxide (SeO(2)) were performed. The oxidation of 1 with SeO(2) gave 3-tert-butyl-7,7-dimethyl-4-oxo-octa-2,5-dienal 3 in 36% yield, 4-tert-butyl-5-(3,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-butylidene)-1, 5-dihydro-pyrrol-2-one 4 in 13% yield, 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2-pyridinecarbaldehyde 5 in 12% yield, and 4, 7-di-tert-butyl-2H-azepin-2-one (2-azatropone) 6 in 6% yield, respectively. Oxidation of 2 with SeO(2) gave 2, 2-dimethyl-1-[2-(5-tert-butyl)-pyridyl]propanol 7 in 55% yield, and 3,6-di-tert-butyl-2H-azepine 8 in 5% yield, respectively. We found that selenium dioxide oxidation of 1 affords 4-oxo-octa-2,5-dienal 3 by a new ring cleavage reaction of 1, and we described the first synthesis of 2-azatropone 6 from this oxidation of 1. In the case of 2, pyridylpropanol 7 was obtained as the major product. We now report in detail result of these oxidation reactions, which have led to the synthesis of a novel azatropone derivative.     

Influence of the solvent and R groups on the structure of (carboranyl)R2PI2 compounds in solution. Crystal structure of the first iodophosphonium salt incorporating the anion [7,8-nido-C2B9H10]-

The influence of the electron-donor or electron-acceptor capacity of the R groups (R = (i)Pr, Ph, Et) and the solvent on the molecular geometry in solution of adducts of carboranylphosphanes [(carboranyl)(i)Pr2P, (carboranyl)Ph2P and (carboranyl)Et2P] with I2 in 1 : 1 ratios, has been studied in detail by 31P{1H} and 11B{1H} NMR spectroscopies. The more electron-accepting Ph groups make the (carboranyl)Ph2P less nucleophilic, thus stabilizing the I2 encapsulated neutral biscarboranylphosphane-diiodine adducts in solution, such as (carboranyl)Ph2PI-IPPh2(carboranyl), generating P---I-I---P motifs. Even in a polar solvent, such as EtOH, the arrangement is preserved. The expected basicity of these carboranylphosphanes is: (carboranyl)(i)Pr2P > (carboranyl)Et2P > (carboranyl)Ph2P. Thus, the comparatively higher basicity of (carboranyl)Et2P vs. (carboranyl)Ph(2)P facilitates a higher transfer of electron density to the I2 sigma*, generating the ionic species, [(carboranyl)Et2PI]+I-, even in low polar solvents, such as CH2Cl2 and toluene, with no degradation of the cluster. However, in EtOH, the formation of the anionic [7,8-nido-C2B(9)H10]- cluster takes place by removal of one boron atom from the closo cluster. The basicity of (carboranyl)(i)Pr(2)P should be the highest, superior to (carboranyl)Et2P. This is observed in the reaction of these carboranylphosphanes with I(2) in EtOH. Whereas the formation of P four-coordinated molecular "spoke" charge-transfer complexes, (carboranyl)(i)Pr2P-I-I, are suggested for (carboranyl)(i)Pr2P in low polarity solvents, ionic species are formed in ethanolic solutions, which deboronate in a few days, faster than (carboranyl)Et2P, to yield the zwitterionic species. This is attributed to the higher basicity of (carboranyl)(i)Pr2P vs. (carboranyl)Et2P. The X-ray crystal structure of [7-PI(i)Pr2-8-Ph-7,8-nido-C2B9H10], 2c, obtained from the reaction of 1-P(i)Pr2-2-Ph-closo-1,2-closo-C2B10H10 with I(2) in EtOH, confirms the formation of the zwitterion. These results prove that minor changes in the nature of the R substituents on the P atom in carboranylphosphanes, along with the solvent in which the reaction takes place, produce major alterations in the geometry of the (carboranyl)R2P-I-I species in solution, and in their possible further reactivity.