Discussion on paper “An Overview of Some Classical Models and Discussion of the Signature-based Models of Preventive Maintenance”

Possible generalizations of models and techniques of signature-based preventive Maintenance have been, in particular, advocated in the extended survey recently published on ASMBI. In view of future work in this direction by the reliability community a few conceptual aspects, related with concepts of system signature, will be recalled here.     

The Degree of Unsolvability of Models

The purpose of this paper is to describe the complexity of models by theirdegrees of unsolvability,J.Richter defined the degree of a structure to be deg ()=sup{deg(),deg(R_i),i=1,…,n},Where is a model for afinite language L={R_i,i=1,…,n}and the universe of is a subset of ω. Shepointed out that, according to her definition, there can be models which areisomorphic but their degrees are different.Also,her discussions are restricted tofinite languages and models whose universes are subsets of ω.     

The Genuine Bernstein–Durrmeyer Operators Revisited

We present some direct and inverse results for the approximation by the genuine Bernstein–Durrmeyer operators U _n . We also consider iterates of U _n and discuss some convergence results towards the corresponding semigroup. Using the eigenstructure of the operators U _n we give new proofs of some known qualitative results and obtain new quantitative estimates concerning the convergence of iterates towards the semigroup.     

Discrete Competitive and Cooperative Models of Lotka–Volterra Type

The dynamics of discrete Lotka–Volterra system of two species is investigated. It is shown that the proposed discrete models for competitive and cooperative systems possess dynamical consistency with their continuous counterparts.     

Koszul–Sullivan Models and the Cohomology of Certain Solvmanifolds

In this paper we develop a technique of working with graded differential algebra models of solvmanifolds, overcoming the main difficulty arising from the non-nilpotency of the corresponding Mostow fibrations. A graded differential model for solvmanifolds of the form G/ with G=RN is presented (N is a nilpotent Lie group, G is a semi-direct product). As an application, we prove the Benson–Gordon conjecture in dimension four.     

Skorohod–Loynes Characterizations of Queueing,Fluid, and Inventory Processes

We consider queueing, fluid and inventory processes whose dynamics are determined by general point processes or random measures that represent inputs and outputs. The state of such a process (the queue length or inventory level) is regulated to stay in a finite or infinite interval – inputs or outputs are disregarded when they would lead to a state outside the interval. The sample paths of the process satisfy an integral equation; the paths have finite local variation and may have discontinuities. We establish the existence and uniqueness of the process based on a Skorohod equation. This leads to an explicit expression for the process on the doubly-infinite time axis. The expression is especially tractable when the process is stationary with stationary input–output measures. This representation is an extension of the classical Loynes representation of stationary waiting times in single-server queues with stationary inputs and services. We also describe several properties of stationary processes: Palm probabilities of the processes at jump times, Little laws for waiting times in the system, finiteness of moments and extensions to tandem and treelike networks.     

Analysis of a General Family of Regularized Navier–Stokes and MHD Models

We consider a general family of regularized Navier–Stokes and Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) models on n-dimensional smooth compact Riemannian manifolds with or without boundary, with n≥2. This family captures most of the specific regularized models that have been proposed and analyzed in the literature, including the Navier–Stokes equations, the Navier–Stokes-α model, the Leray-α model, the modified Leray-α model, the simplified Bardina model, the Navier–Stokes–Voight model, the Navier–Stokes-α-like models, and certain MHD models, in addition to representing a larger 3-parameter family of models not previously analyzed. This family of models has become particularly important in the development of mathematical and computational models of turbulence. We give a unified analysis of the entire three-parameter family of models using only abstract mapping properties of the principal dissipation and smoothing operators, and then use assumptions about the specific form of the parameterizations, leading to specific models, only when necessary to obtain the sharpest results. We first establish existence and regularity results, and under appropriate assumptions show uniqueness and stability. We then establish some results for singular perturbations, which as special cases include the inviscid limit of viscous models and the α→0 limit in α models. Next, we show existence of a global attractor for the general model, and then give estimates for the dimension of the global attractor and the number of degrees of freedom in terms of a generalized Grashof number. We then establish some results on determining operators for the two distinct subfamilies of dissipative and non-dissipative models. We finish by deriving some new length-scale estimates in terms of the Reynolds number, which allows for recasting the Grashof number-based results into analogous statements involving the Reynolds number. In addition to recovering most of the existing results on existence, regularity, uniqueness, stability, attractor existence, and dimension, and determining operators for the well-known specific members of this family of regularized Navier–Stokes and MHD models, the framework we develop also makes possible a number of new results for all models in the general family, including some new results for several of the well-studied models. Analyzing the more abstract generalized model allows for a simpler analysis that helps bring out the core common structure of the various regularized Navier–Stokes and magnetohydrodynamics models, and also helps clarify the common features of many of the existing and new results. To make the paper reasonably self-contained, we include supporting material on spaces involving time, Sobolev spaces, and Grönwall-type inequalities.     

The Theory of Finite Models without Equal Sign

In this paper, it is the first time ever to suggest that we study the model theory of all finite structures and to put the equal sign in the same situtation as the other relations. Using formulas of infinite lengths we obtain new theorems for the preservation of model extensions, submodels, model homomorphisms and inverse homomorphisms. These kinds of theorems were discussed in Chang and Keisler＇s Model Theory, systematically for general models, but Gurevich obtained some different theorems in this direction for finite models. In our paper the old theorems manage to survive in the finite model theory. There are some differences between into homomorphisms and onto homomorphisms in preservation theorems too. We also study reduced models and minimum models. The characterization sentence of a model is given, which derives a general result for any theory T to be equivalent to a set of existential-universal sentences. Some results about completeness and model completeness are also given.     

Quasi-Exactly Solvable Generalizations of Calogero–Sutherland Models

A generalization of the procedures for constructing quasi-exactly solvable models with one degree of freedom to (quasi-)exactly solvable models of N particles on a line allows deriving many well-known models in the framework of a new approach that does not use root systems. In particular, a BC _N elliptic Calogero–Sutherland model is found among the quasi-exactly solvable models. For certain values of the paramaters of this model, we can explicitly calculate the ground state and the lowest excitations.     

Classical solutions of many-dimensional elliptic–parabolic free boundary problems

We consider a free boundary problem modeling fluid flow in a partially saturated porous media. In that context an unknown function represents the pressure and satisfies an elliptic equation in the saturated domain and a quasilinear parabolic equation in the unsaturated domain. The principal part of this work is the investigation of the smoothness properties of an unknown (free) boundary between domains of ellipticity and parabolicity.      

Periodic Solution and Stationary Distribution of Stochastic Predator–Prey Models with Higher-Order Perturbation

In this paper, two stochastic predator–prey models with general functional response and higher-order perturbation are proposed and investigated. For the nonautonomous periodic case of the system, by using Khasminskii’s theory of periodic solution, we show that the system admits a nontrivial positive T-periodic solution. For the system disturbed by both white and telegraph noises, sufficient conditions for positive recurrence and the existence of an ergodic stationary distribution to the solutions are established. The existence of stationary distribution implies stochastic weak stability to some extent.     

On a Diffusive Version of the Lifschitz–Slyozov–Wagner Equation

This paper is concerned with the Becker–Döring (BD) system of equations and their relationship to the Lifschitz–Slyozov–Wagner (LSW) equations. A diffusive version of the LSW equations is derived from the BD equations. Existence and uniqueness theorems for this diffusive LSW system are proved. The major part of the paper is taken up with proving that solutions of the diffusive LSW system converge in the zero diffusion limit to solutions of the classical LSW system. In particular, it is shown that the rate of coarsening for the diffusive system converges to the rate of coarsening for the classical system.     

The Socle and Semisimplicity of a Kumjian–Pask Algebra

The Kumjian–Pask algebra KP(Λ) is a graded algebra associated to a higher-rank graph Λ and is a generalization of the Leavitt path algebra of a directed graph. We analyze the minimal left ideals of KP(Λ), and identify its socle as a graded ideal by describing its generators in terms of a subset of vertices of the graph. We characterize when KP(Λ) is semisimple, and obtain a complete structure theorem for a semisimple Kumjian–Pask algebra. As a consequence of this structure theorem, every semisimple Kumjian–Pask algebra can be obtained as a Leavitt path algebra of a directed graph.     

The Paley–Wiener Theorem and Limits of Symmetric Spaces

We extend the Paley–Wiener theorem for Riemannian symmetric spaces to an important class of infinite-dimensional symmetric spaces. For this we define a notion of propagation of symmetric spaces and examine the direct (injective) limit symmetric spaces defined by propagation. This relies on some of our earlier work on invariant differential operators and the action of Weyl group invariant polynomials under restriction.     

The properties of functional inclusions and Hyers–Ulam stability

We prove that a set-valued function satisfying some functional inclusions admits, in appropriate conditions, a unique selection satisfying the corresponding functional equation. As a consequence we obtain the result on the Hyers–Ulam stability of that functional equation.     

The Thomas–Fermi Problem and Solutions of the Emden–Fowler Equation

Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics - A two-point boundary value problem is considered for the Emden–Fowler equation, which is a singular nonlinear ordinary differential...     

𝒪-Operators of Loday Algebras and Analogues of the Classical Yang–Baxter Equation

We introduce notions of 𝒪-operators of the Loday algebras including the dendriform algebras and quadri-algebras as a natural generalization of Rota–Baxter operators. The invertible 𝒪-operators give a sufficient and necessary condition on the existence of the 2 ⁿ⁺¹ operations on an algebra with the 2 ⁿ operations in an associative cluster. The analogues of the classical Yang–Baxter equation in these algebras can be understood as the 𝒪-operators associated to certain dual bimodules. As a byproduct, the constraint conditions (invariances) of nondegenerate bilinear forms on these algebras are given.     

On Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for the Existence of a Classical Solution of an Inhomogeneous Cauchy–Riemann System

The question of necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a classical solution of inhomogeneous Cauchy–Riemann systems in a domain bounded by a piecewise smooth contour is studied. It is proved that the condition of the uniform stronger continuity of that inhomogeneity is a necessary condition, but it is also a sufficient condition if the inhomogeneity belongs to the L₁ space.     

The Filippov-Ważewski Relaxation Theorem Revisited

The converse statement of the Filippov-Waewski relaxation theorem is proved. More precisely, two differential inclusions have the same closure of their solution sets if and only if the right-hand sides have the same convex hull. The idea of the proof is examining the contingent derivatives to the attainable sets.