利用破坏对称性的超导人造原子制备χ型四比特纠缠态

提出了利用在一维传输线共振器中的破坏对称性的超导人造原子来制备χ型四比特纠缠态的方案. 方案中所用到的Δ型三能级人造原子不同于自然的原子, 它可以产生循环跃迁. 经过适当时间的相互作用和简单的操作, 可以得到想要制备的纠缠态. 由于人造原子的激发态和光子态被绝热消除, 所以该方案对于人造原子的自发辐射和传输线共振器的衰减是鲁棒的.     

Achievable accuracy of parameter estimation for multidimensional NMR experiments

A fundamental issue in NMR spectroscopy is the estimation of parameters such as the Larmor frequencies of nuclei, J coupling constants, and relaxation rates. The Cramer-Rao lower bound provides a method to assess the best achievable accuracy of parameter estimates resulting from an unbiased estimation procedure. We show how the Cramer-Rao lower bound can be calculated for data obtained from multidimensional NMR experiments. The Cramer-Rao lower bound is compared to the variance of parameter estimates for simulated data using a least-squares estimation procedure. It is also shown how our results on the Cramer-Rao lower bound can be used to analyze whether an experimental design can be improved to provide experimental data which can result in parameter estimates with higher accuracy. The concept of nonuniform averaging in the indirect dimension is introduced and studied in connection with nonuniform sampling of the data.     

An efficient multi-domain spectral algorithm for the simulation of dispersive metallic structures in the time domain

In this article, we present a multi-domain formulation of the spectral time domain algorithm for the simulation of dispersive materials. We propose a leap-frog time-stepping scheme similar to the finite-difference time domain method in order to minimize memory usage. Dispersive material behavior is modelled in the frequency domain and used in our time-domain algorithm by introducing auxiliary differential equations for the macroscopic polarization. Absorbing boundary conditions are presented that can be used with dispersive materials. The numerical investigation of structures with material parameters fitted to experimental data shows excellent agreement with theoretical calculations.     

Human cognitive paradigm and its application in semi-supervised learning

In many practical data mining applications such as web page classification, unlabeled training examples are readily available but labeled ones are fairly expensive to obtain. Therefore, semi-supervised learning algorithms such as Tri-training have attracted much attention. However, mislabeling the unlabeled data during the learning process is an inevitable problem and harms the performance improvement of the hypothesis. To solve this problem, a novel human cognitive paradigm is constructed for semi-supervised learning in this paper. In detail, based on local distribution of feature space, the majority voting scheme is substituted by an estimation of the probability of sample to belong to a certain class as an efficient strategy for data editing. It considers the form of the underlying probability distribution in the neighborhood of a point to identify and remove the mislabeled data. Validation of the proposed method is performed with extensive experiments. Results demonstrate that compared with Tri-training method, our method can more effectively and stably exploit unlabeled data to enhance the learning performance.     

Building an accurate 3D model of a circular feature for robot vision

In this paper, an accurate 3D model analysis of a circular feature is built with error compensation for robot vision. We propose an efficient method of fitting ellipses to data points by minimizing the algebraic distance subject to the constraint that a conic should be an ellipse and solving the ellipse parameters through a direct ellipse fitting method by analysing the 3D geometrical representation in a perspective projection scheme, the 3D position of a circular feature with known radius can be obtained. A set of identical circles, machined on a calibration board whose centres were known, was calibrated with a camera and did the model analysis that our method developed. Experimental results show that our method is more accurate than other methods.     

A Spatial Domain Quantum Watermarking Scheme

This paper presents a spatial domain quantum watermarking scheme. For a quantum watermarking scheme, a feasible quantum circuit is a key to achieve it. This paper gives a feasible quantum circuit for the presented scheme. In order to give the quantum circuit, a new quantum multi-control rotation gate, which can be achieved with quantum basic gates, is designed. With this quantum circuit, our scheme can arbitrarily control the embedding position of watermark images on carrier images with the aid of auxiliary qubits. Besides reversely acting the given quantum circuit, the paper gives another watermark extracting algorithm based on quantum measurements. Moreover, this paper also gives a new quantum image scrambling method and its quantum circuit. Differ from other quantum watermarking schemes, all given quantum circuits can be implemented with basic quantum gates. Moreover, the scheme is a spatial domain watermarking scheme, and is not based on any transform algorithm on quantum images. Meanwhile, it can make sure the watermark be secure even though the watermark has been found. With the given quantum circuit, this paper implements simulation experiments for the presented scheme. The experimental result shows that the scheme does well in the visual quality and the embedding capacity.     

基于深度图像的非接触式呼吸检测算法研究

呼吸是人的基本生命活动,监测呼吸可以得知呼吸道和胸廓运动的生理、病理学状态,对某些呼吸系统疾病的诊断有重要的参考价值;提出了一种非接触式呼吸监测方法：对红外视频流中的每帧胸腹部区域数据进行降维,计算所有胸腹部区域数据的方差,将一定时间段内的方差序列进行低通滤波。最后根据方差序列可以获得该段时间内的呼吸频率和呼吸暂停时间;提出的非接触式呼吸检测算法在不影响被监测者正常睡眠活动的情况下,可以准确获取呼吸频率与其他相关参数,为健康监测和相关疾病的诊断提供了数据支持;日常家居场景的实验中,检测到的呼吸次数与实际完全一致,并且与实际胸腹部起伏变化基本同步,较好的保证了结果的准确性。     

Characterizing a proton beam with two different methods in beam halo experiments

In beam halo experiments, it is very important to correctly characterize the RFQ output proton beam. In order to simulate the beam dynamics properly, we must first know the correct initial beam parameters. We have used two different methods, quadrupole scans and multi-wire scanners to determine the transverse phase-space properties of the proton beam. The experimental data were analyzed by fitting to the 3-D nonlinear simulation code IMPACT. For the quadrupole scan method, we found that the RMS beam radius and the measured beam-core profiles agreed very well with the simulations. For the multi-wire scanner method, we choose the case of a matched beam. By fitting the IMPACT simulation results to the measured data, we obtained the Courant-Snyder parameters and the emittance of the beam. The difference between the two methods is about eight percent, which is acceptable in our experiments.     

非线性系统混沌运动的神经网络控制

设计前馈反传神经网络控制非线性系统混沌运动的新方法.根据扰动参数模型输入输出数据,按照非线性学习算法训练网络产生系统稳定所需的小扰动控制信号,去镇定混沌运动,使嵌入在混沌吸引子中的不稳定周期轨道回到稳定不动点上.Hnon映射数值仿真结果表明,这种方法控制非线性混沌系统响应速度快、控制精度高 关键词： 混沌控制 神经网络 吸引子 非线性     

The optimal MR acquisition strategy for exponential decay constants estimation

Estimating the relaxation constant of an exponentially decaying signal from experimental MR data is fundamental in diffusion tensor imaging, fractional anisotropy mapping, measurements of transverse relaxation rates and contrast agent uptake. The precision of such measurements depends on the choice of acquisition parameters made at the design stage of the experiments. In this report, chi(2) fitting of multipoint data is used to demonstrate that the most efficient acquisition strategy is a two-point scheme. We also conjecture that the smallest coefficient of variation of the decay constant achievable in any N-point experiment is 3.6 times larger than that in the image intensity obtained by averaging N acquisitions with minimal exponential weighting.     

Pulsed laser cooling for cavity optomechanical resonators

A pulsed cooling scheme for optomechanical systems is presented that is capable of cooling at much faster rates, shorter overall cooling times, and for a wider set of experimental scenarios than is possible by conventional methods. The proposed scheme can be implemented for both strongly and weakly coupled optomechanical systems in both weakly and highly dissipative cavities. We study analytically its underlying working mechanism, which is based on interferometric control of optomechanical interactions, and we demonstrate its efficiency with pulse sequences that are obtained by using methods from optimal control. The short time in which our scheme approaches the optomechanical ground state allows for a significant relaxation of current experimental constraints. Finally, the framework presented here can be used to create a rich variety of optomechanical interactions and hence offers a novel, readily available toolbox for fast optomechanical quantum control.     

A high order multivariate approximation scheme for scattered data sets

We present a high order multivariate approximation scheme for scattered data sets. Each data point is represented as a Taylor series, and the high order derivatives in the Taylor series are treated as random variables. The approximation coefficients are then chosen to minimize an objective function at each point by solving an equality constrained least squares. The approximation is an interpolation when the data points are given as exact, or a nonlinear regression function when nonzero measurement errors are associated with the data points. Using this formulation, the gradient information on each data point can be used to significantly reduce the approximation error. All parameters of the approximation scheme can be computed automatically from the data points. An uncertainty bound of the approximation function is also produced by the scheme. Numerical experiments demonstrate that although this method is more computationally intensive than traditional methods, it produces more accurate approximation functions.     

计算饱和醇异构体标准生成焓的新方法

基于极性叠加原理,在成功设计烷烃异构体和多氯代烷烃生成焓计算新方法的基础上,设计了一种计算多元醇异构体生成焓的新方法,并合理地假定任一异构体的原子化焓等于三种键（C-C、C-H和C-O-H键）的键能、极性叠加能项以及氢键能项的加和。用这一模型拟合24种原子化粹数据,得到了标准生成焓的估算公式。为了检验预测的精确性,又设计了一种预测方法,使用在排除液预测的化合物条件下回归得到的参数,预测该化合物的生成焓。按这种方法,预测了24种异构体的生成焓。通过该5参数预测的相对于实验值的各种误差（平均绝对误差、均方根误差和最大绝对误差）不仅比7参数的基团法预测的对应误差小得多,而且比相应实验数据的误差还要小。与键加和法比较,该方法的模型包含了极性叠加能和氢键能量,该两项代表了主要的非键相互作用能,表征了不同异构体的结构差异,并大大减少了参数。     

A simple scheme to generate χ-type four-charge entangled states in circuit QED

We propose a simple scheme to generate χ-type four-charge entangled states by using SQUID-based charge qubits capacitively coupled to a transmission line resonator (TLR). The coupling between the superconducting qubit and the TLR can be effectively controlled by properly adjusting the control parameters of the charge qubit. The experimental feasibility of our scheme is also shown.     

Mesoscopic theory of the viscoelasticity of polymers

We have advanced our previous static theory of polymer entanglement involving an extended Cahn-Hilliard functional, to include time-dependent dynamics. We go beyond the Gaussian approximation, to the one-loop level, to compute the frequency dependent storage and loss moduli of the system. The four parameters in our theory are obtained by fitting to available experimental data on polystyrene melts of various chain lengths. This provides a physical representation of the parameters in terms of the chain length of the system. It is shown that the parameters chosen describe the crossover from an unentangled to an entangled state. The crossover is characterized by a dramatic increase in a time scale appearing in the theory, analogous to critical slowing down in phase transition theory. This result should stimulate more detailed experiments in this regime to test this concept.     

Generating χ-Type Four-Qubit Entangled States in Superconducting Transmon Qubit System

We propose a scheme to generate χ-type four-qubit entangled states by using superconducting transmon qubits (STQs) capacitively coupled to a superconducting transmission line resonator (TLR). The coupling between the STQs and the TLR can be effectively controlled by properly adjusting the control parameters of the STQs. The experimental feasibility of our scheme is also discussed.     

基于DCGAN的拉曼光谱样本扩充及应用研究

拉曼光谱检测方法依赖于化学计量学算法,深度学习是当下最炙手可热的方向,可应用于拉曼光谱进行建模。但是深度学习需要大样本进行训练,而拉曼光谱采集受制于器材和人力成本,获取大批量的样本需要更大成本,且易受荧光等因素干扰,这些问题都制约了将深度学习应用于拉曼光谱。针对以上问题,通过引入深度卷积生成对抗网络（DCGAN）提取拉曼光谱内部特征,对抗生成新的拉曼光谱,从而达到扩充数据集目的。同时和另一个扩充数据集的方法--偏移法进行对比,证明DCGAN的可靠性。设计生成光谱选取标准,选取高相似性的光谱填充数据集,为深度学习在拉曼光谱中的应用奠定基础。为了验证生成的光谱比原始光谱有更好的适用性,设计四组实验：（1）使用原始拉曼光谱输入到SVM进行分类,得到51.92%的分类准确率;（2）使用原始拉曼光谱输入到CNN进行分类,得到75.00%的分类准确率;（3）采用偏移法生成光谱,输入到CNN里进行分类,得到91.85%的分类准确率;（4）使用DCGAN生成光谱,输入到CNN里进行分类,得到98.52%分类准确率。实验结果表明,DCGAN能在只有少量拉曼光谱的情况下,通过对抗学习得到较好的生成光谱,且生成的光谱相比原光谱更加清晰,减少了可能的干扰因素,具有光谱预处理效果。通过DCGAN对抗生成大量高质量的数据填充到原有拉曼光谱数据集,扩充数据集的样本量,使得深度学习模型能够得到更好的训练,从而提高模型的准确率。该研究为深度学习方法应用于拉曼光谱分析技术提出了一个可行的方案。     

Pulsed laser heating calculations incorporating vapourization

We present a scheme for solution of the heat flow equation in one-dimension incorporating melting and vapourization produced under pulsed laser irradiation. The method can be applied to pure materials as well as multilayered structures such as deposited films. The variation of physical properties with temperature can be easily taken into account. Results of calculation are presented for aluminium and for chromium and antimony layers deposited on aluminium. As a consequence of excessive vapourization at high energy densities, the melt depth and the melt duration do not increase beyond a certain limit. The resolidification front velocity is strongly dependent on energy density and can be controlled in an experiment by a careful choice of laser parameters. Some recent experimental data on laser treated chromium films are discussed in light of our calculations.     

Implementing Two-Qubit SWAP Gate with SQUID Qubits in a Microwave Cavity via Adiabatic Passage Evolution

We presented a scheme to implement SWAP gate in a microwave cavity. In our scheme, two superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) qubits are coupled to a single-mode microwave cavity field by adiabatic passage method for their manipulation. This process of implementing SWAP gate is in the range of present experiments. The scheme can be easily obtained only by three steps, which does not require perform any operation. In the scheme, the operations only involve three lowest flux states of the SQUIDs, and the excited states would not be excited; therefore, the decoherence due to spontaneous emission of the SQUIDs’ levels would not affect the operations. In addition, during the whole procedure the cavity field is not necessary to be excited because it does not require transfer quantum information between the SQUID’s and the cavity field. Thus, the cavity decay is suppressed. Therefore our scheme may be realized in superconducting systems.