MoS2/CNFs对电极膜厚对染料敏化太阳能电池性能影响

通过静电纺丝技术和水热法成功获得了碳纳米纤维负载二维层状硫化钼(MoS_2/CNFs),将其作为对电极组装的染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)表现出优异的电化学特性。在DSSCs制备过程中,对电极膜厚对电池性能有很大影响,所以本文重点探究了喷涂法制备的对电极膜厚对其组装的染料敏化电池光电性能影响,获得最佳对电极膜厚。实验结果表明当MoS_2/CNFs复合对电极材料膜厚为8μm时,电池光电转换效率达到最大值7.78%。     

MoS2/CNFs对电极膜厚对染料敏化太阳能电池性能影响

通过静电纺丝技术和水热法成功获得了碳纳米纤维负载二维层状硫化钼（MoS₂/CNFs）,将其作为对电极组装的染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSCs）表现出优异的电化学特性。在DSSCs制备过程中,对电极膜厚对电池性能有很大影响,所以本文重点探究了喷涂法制备的对电极膜厚对其组装的染料敏化电池光电性能影响,获得最佳对电极膜厚。实验结果表明当MoS₂/CNFs复合对电极材料膜厚为8 μm时,电池光电转换效率达到最大值7.78%。     

ZnFe2O4/CNFs钛网基对电极膜厚对染料敏化太阳能电池性能的影响

通过静电纺丝和简单的一步水热法合成了碳纳米纤维（CNFs）负载的ZnFe₂O₄纳米颗粒（ZnFe₂O₄/CNFs）,并将其刮涂在钛网基底上作为染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSCs）的对电极进行组装测试,电池表现出优异的电化学性能。我们着重研究了不同膜厚对电极对DSSCs光电性能的影响。经过反复测试结果表明,当ZnFe₂O₄/CNFs复合电极材料膜厚为12 μm时存在最高的光电转换效率8.60%。     

氮掺杂多孔碳负载铁单原子对电极的膜厚对染料敏化太阳能电池性能的影响

利用分子笼封装前驱体而后热解的策略,制备了具有高催化活性的氮掺杂多孔碳(NPC)负载孤立的单个Fe原子(FeISAs/NPC)电催化剂,并作为对电极用于染料敏化太阳能电池(dye-sensitized solar cells,DSSCs)。通过电化学测试研究了FeISAs/NPC对电极的膜厚对DSSCs光电性能的影响。测试结果表明,Fe-ISAs/NPC对电极的膜厚为16μm时,DSSCs的光电转换效率最高(8.03%)。     

碳纳米管负载Ni2P作为染料敏化太阳能电池对电极的性能研究

本文以碳纳米管(CNTs)与Ni2P纳米晶制备CNTs-Ni2P复合材料,首次研究其染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)的光阴极材料性能.使用X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)测定材料结构,观察材料形貌.结果表明,复合材料由碳纳米管和六方结构的磷化镍构成,无其它磷化物杂相,磷化镍纳米晶(约10 nm)分散于CNTs表面.交流阻抗(EIS)测试显示,与CNTs和Ni2P对电极相比,CNTs-Ni2P对电极的电荷转移电阻和扩散阻抗较低,接近Pt-FTO对电极水平.CNTs-Ni2P对电极的DSSCs光电流达12.9 mA·cm-2,能量转化效率达5.6%,接近Pt-FTO对电极的DSSCs能量转化效率(5.9%).这归因于高电催化活性的磷化镍纳米晶与高电导CNTs的协同效应.     

基于纳米银/碳纳米纤维复合材料的增强效应电化学测定多贝斯

将银纳米粒子(AgNPs)电沉积在碳纳米纤维(CNFs)修饰玻碳电极表面制备纳米银/碳纳米纤维修饰玻碳电极(AgNPs/CNFs/GCE).采用扫描电镜考察其表面形态,在K3[Fe(CN)6]-K4[Fe(CN)6]体系中用循环伏安法和电化学阻抗法研究AgNPs/CNFs/GCE的电化学行为.采用循环伏安法和方波伏安法...     

基于纳米氧化钴/碳纳米纤维复合材料的增强效应电化学测定对乙酰氨基酚

建立了电化学测定片剂中对乙酰氨基酚含量的新方法。通过电沉积的方法在碳纳米纤维修饰玻碳电极(CNFs/GCE)表面上沉积纳米氧化钴(CoO_x),制备了纳米CoO_x/碳纳米纤维修饰玻碳电极(CoO_x/CNFs/GCE)。在pH 5.33的B–R缓冲溶液中,用循环伏安法研究了对乙酰氨基酚在CoO_x/CNFs/GCE和CNFs/GCE上的电化学行为。结果表明,二者对对乙酰氨基酚的氧化还原反应都有电催化作用,而且复合纳米材料CoO_x/CNFs具有较单一CNFs更好的催化效果。用微分脉冲伏安法测得对乙酰氨基酚的氧化峰电流与其浓度在3.0×10~(-7)~1.5×10~(–4) mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为1.0×10~(-7) mol/L(S/N=3)。测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.31%(n=6),加标回收率为96.0%~105.0%。该方法简便快速,检出限低,准确度和精密度高,适用于片剂中对乙酰氨基酚含量的测定。     

富氮洋葱碳包覆的Ni/NiFe2O4纳米棒析氧电催化剂

将镍铁金属配位聚合物前驱体在惰性气氛下热分解制备了富氮洋葱碳(ONC)包覆的Ni/Ni Fe_2O_4多孔纳米棒复合析氧电催化剂,与Ni@ONC,Ni Fe_2O_4材料及传统Ru O_2催化剂相比,得益于这种富氮洋葱碳包覆的Ni/Ni Fe_2O_4一维多孔纳米异质结构,Ni/Ni Fe_2O_4@ONC材料拥有更优异的导电性能和更大的电化学活性面积(0.149 m F),因而表现出更优异的析氧电催化性能。Ni/Ni Fe_2O_4@ONC纳米棒在1 mol·L~(-1) KOH溶液中,10 m A·cm-2下的析氧过电位仅为299 m V,塔菲尔斜率为73 m V·dec-1,展现出优异的析氧稳定性能。     

碳包覆CaSnO3纳米纤维作为高性能锂离子电池负极材料

采用静电纺丝技术制备出CaSnO3纳米纤维(CaSnO3 NFs)并作为模板,再经表面原位聚合酚醛树脂和碳化处理制得碳包覆CaSnO3纳米纤维(CaSnO3@C NFs)。使用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱对材料的物相组成、形貌和微观结构进行了表征,通过循环伏安、恒电流充放电和交流阻抗谱研究了碳包覆及碳化温度对CaSnO3 NFs负极材料电化学性能的影响。结果显示,碳包覆改性使CaSnO3 NFs的电化学性能得到较大程度的提高,而且随着碳化温度的升高,CaSnO3@C NFs复合电极的比容量先增加后下降,600℃碳化获得的CaSnO3@C NFs?600复合材料具有最好的电化学性能。在0.1 A·g^-1的电流密度下,CaSnO3@C NFs?600电极的首圈放电比容量达到1102.2 mAh·g^-1,充放电循环100圈后比容量为548.8 mAh·g^-1,当电流密度提高到2 A·g^-1时,其比容量仍保持在333.5 mAh·g^-1。     

碳纳米纤维负载Co_3S_4复合材料的合成及其在染料敏化太阳电池对电极的应用

采用水热法合成四硫化三钴(Co_3S_4)催化材料,并利用球磨和喷涂技术将其制备成对电极,结合新型无碘电解液Co~(2+)/Co~(3+)用于染料敏化太阳电池(dye-sensitized solar cells,简称DSCs)来研究其光电性能。测试结果显示,基于Co_3S_4对电极,DSCs的能量转化效率(power conversion efficiency,简称PCE)只有6.06%,远远低于Pt对电极(8.05%)。为了提高Co_3S_4的催化能力,采用静电纺丝技术制备碳纳米纤维(electrospun carbon nanofibers,简称ECs),结合水热法制备出不同负载量的碳纳米纤维负载四硫化三钴(Co_3S_4/ECs)复合催化材料用于对电极,结果表明,Co_3S_4/ECs的PCE最高可达(8.22±0.08)%,优于Pt对电极。     

Synthesis of Ternary Ni/Mo2C/Carbon Nanofibers as Low-cost Counter Electrode for Efficient Dye-sensitized Solar Cells

To reduce the cost of manufacture, it is urgent to develop efficient and stable platinum(Pt)-free counter electrode(CEs) electrocatalysts for dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs). In this study, a simple electrospinning and carbonization strategy has been developed to synthesize carbon nanofibers(CNFs) loaded with Ni and Mo₂C nanoparticles(Ni/Mo₂C/CNFs) as CE. Owing to the high electrical conductivity of CNFs and the large catalytic activity of Ni and Mo₂C, an excellent electrochemical performance of Ni/Mo₂C/CNFs as CE is achieved. The optimized DSSC assembled with Ni/Mo₂C(2:1)/CNFs-based CE exhibits a power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 8.90%, which exceeds the corresponding values of the device using the Pt(8.07%), Ni/Mo₂C(1:1)/CNFs(8.68%), Ni/Mo₂C(1:2)/CNFs(8.20%), Ni/CNFs(7.50%) and Mo₂C/CNFs(6.10%). This work provides a new strategy for developing effective and low-cost CE materials in DSSCs.     

Enhancement of the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cell with multi-wall carbon nanotubes/polythiophene composite counter electrodes prepared by electrodeposition

For the purpose of increasing the energy conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/polythiophene (PTh) composite film counter electrode has been fabricated by electrophoresis and cyclic voltammetry (CV) in sequence. The morphology and chemical structure have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy respectively. The overall energy conversion efficiency of the DSSC employing the MWCNT/PTh composite film has reached 4.72%, which is close to that of the DSSC with a platinum (Pt) counter electrode (5.68%). Compared with a standard DSSC with MWCNT counter electrode whose efficiency is 2.68%, the energy conversion efficiency has been increased by 76.12% for the DSSC with MWCNT/PTh counter electrode. These results indicate that the composite film with high conductivity, high active surface area, and good catalytic properties for I₃⁻ reduction can potentially be used as the counter electrode in a high-performance DSSC.     

简易合成Cu2SnSe3作染料敏化太阳能电池对电极

采用简易溶剂热法合成直径为150-250 nm的Cu2SnSe3纳米颗粒.以Cu2SnSe3"墨水"为前驱体采用滴落涂布法在掺氟二氧化锡基板上沉积Cu2SnSe3薄膜作为染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)对电极.利用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、能谱仪(EDS)等对Cu2SnSe3纳米颗粒的形貌、结构和组成进行表征.结果表明:产物纯净无杂项且符合化学计量比.以Cu2SnSe3为对电极的DSSC转化效率为7.75%,与铂对电极DSSC效率相当(7.21%).研究表明,DSSC的光电流密度和影响因子与Cu2SnSe3薄膜厚度密切相关,这是由于不同厚度的Cu2SnSe3薄膜作对电极所对应的催化位置数目和电阻值不同.电化学阻抗谱研究说明,Cu2SnSe3因具有类似铂良好的电催化性能而适合用作染料敏化太阳能电池对电极材料.本文以Cu2SnSe3代替贵金属铂,提供了一种廉价制备高效染料敏化太阳能电池对电极的新方法.     

Ag2S/Ag3PO4/Ni复合薄膜的制备及其光催化性能

采用电化学方法制备Ag₂S/Ag₃PO₄/Ni复合薄膜,以扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis DRS）对薄膜的表面形貌、晶相结构、光谱特性及能带结构进行了表征,以罗丹明B为模拟污染物对薄膜的光催化活性和稳定性进行了测定,采用向溶液中加入活性物种捕获剂的方法对薄膜的光催化机理进行了探索。结果表明：最佳工艺制备的Ag₂S/Ag₃PO₄/Ni是由均匀的球形纳米颗粒构成的薄膜,其光催化活性明显优于纯Ag₃PO₄/Ni薄膜和纯Ag₂S/Ni薄膜,且在保持薄膜光催化活性基本不变的前提下可循环使用6次。提出了可见光下Ag₂S/Ag₃PO₄/Ni复合薄膜光催化降解罗丹明B的反应机理。     

Ag2S/Ag3PO4/Ni复合薄膜的制备及其光催化性能

采用电化学方法制备Ag_2S/Ag_3PO_4/Ni复合薄膜,以扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UVVis DRS)对薄膜的表面形貌、晶相结构、光谱特性及能带结构进行了表征,以罗丹明B为模拟污染物对薄膜的光催化活性和稳定性进行了测定,采用向溶液中加入活性物种捕获剂的方法对薄膜的光催化机理进行了探索。结果表明:最佳工艺制备的Ag_2S/Ag_3PO_4/Ni是由均匀的球形纳米颗粒构成的薄膜,其光催化活性明显优于纯Ag_3PO_4/Ni薄膜和纯Ag_2S/Ni薄膜,且在保持薄膜光催化活性基本不变的前提下可循环使用6次。提出了可见光下Ag_2S/Ag_3PO_4/Ni复合薄膜光催化降解罗丹明B的反应机理。     

Inverse opal carbons for counter electrode of dye-sensitized solar cells

We investigated the fabrication of inverse opal carbon counter electrodes using a colloidal templating method for DSSCs. Specifically, bare inverse opal carbon, mesopore-incoporated inverse opal carbon, and graphitized inverse opal carbon were synthesized and stably dispersed in ethanol solution for spray coating on a FTO substrate. The thickness of the electrode was controlled by the number of coatings, and the average relative thickness was evaluated by measuring the transmittance spectrum. The effect of the counter electrode thickness on the photovoltaic performance of the DSSCs was investigated and analyzed by interfacial charge transfer resistance (R(CT)) under EIS measurement. The effect of the surface area and conductivity of the inverse opal was also investigated by considering the increase in surface area due to the mesopore in the inverse opal carbon and conductivity by graphitization of the carbon matrix. The results showed that the FF and thereby the efficiency of DSSCs were increased as the electrode thickness increased. Consequently, the larger FF and thereby the greater efficiency of the DSSCs were achieved for mIOC and gIOC compared to IOC, which was attributed to the lower R(CT). Finally, compared to a conventional Pt counter electrode, the inverse opal-based carbon showed a comparable efficiency upon application to DSSCs.     

Enhanced photovoltaic characterization and charge transport of TIO2 nanoparticles/nanotubes composite photoanode based on indigo carmine dye-sensitized solar cells

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have established themselves as an alternative to conventional solar cells owing to their remarkably high power conversion efficiency, longtime stability and low-cost production. DSSCs composed of a dyed oxide semiconductor photoanode, a redox electrolyte and a counter electrode. In these devices, conversion efficiency is achieved by ultra-fast injection of an electron from a photo excited dye into the conduction band of metal oxide followed by subsequent dye regeneration and holes transportation to the counter electrode. The energy conversion efficiency of DSSC is to be dependent on the morphology and structure of the dye adsorbed metal oxide photoanode. Worldwide considerable efforts of DSSCs have been invested in morphology control of photoanode film, synthesis of stable optical sensitizers and improved ionic conductivity electrolytes. In the present investigation, a new composite nano structured photoanodes were prepared using TiO₂ nano tubes (TNTs) with TiO₂ nano particles (TNPs). TNPs were synthesized by sol–gel method and TNTs were prepared through an alkali hydrothermal transformation. Working photoanodes were prepared using five pastes of TNTs concentrations of 0, 10, 50, 90, and 100 % with TNPs. The DSSCs were fabricated using Indigo carmine dye as photo sensitizer and PMII (1-propyl-3-methylimmidazolium iodide) ionic liquid as electrolyte. The counter electrode was prepared using Copper sulfide. The structure and morphology of TNPs and TNTs were characterized by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopes (TEM and SEM). The photocurrent efficiency is measured using a solar simulator (100 mW/cm²). The prepared composite TNTs/TNPs photoanode could significantly improve the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells owing to its synergic effects, i.e. effective dye adsorption mainly originated from TiO₂ nanoparticles and rapid electron transport in one-dimensional TiO₂ nanotubes. The results of the present investigation suggested that the DSSC based on 10 % TNTs/TNPs showed better photovoltaic performance than cell made pure TiO₂ nanoparticles. The highest energy-conversion efficiency of 2.80 % is achieved by composite TNTs (10 %)/TNPs film, which is 68 % higher than that pure TNPs film and far larger than that formed by bare TNTs film (94 %). The charge transport and charge recombination behaviors of DSSCs were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectra and the results showed that composite TNTs/TNPs film-based cell possessed the lowest transfer resistances and the longest electron lifetime. Hence, it could be concluded that the composite TNTs/TNPs photoanodes facilitate the charge transport and enhancing the efficiencies of DSSCs.     

Nickel oxide hydroxide/platinum double layers modified n-silicon electrode for hydrogen peroxide determination

A novel photo-electrochemical and non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) sensor was fabricated by electrochemically cathodic plating nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)₂) on platinum films coated n-silicon (Pt/n-n⁺-Si electrode). Nickel oxide hydroxide (Ni(OH)₂-NiOOH) films on the Pt/n-n⁺-Si electrode were formed by cyclic voltammetry in 0.2 M KOH solution. The morphology and composition of Ni(OH)₂-NiOOH film were characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. A two-electrode cell based on Ni(OH)₂-NiOOH/Pt/n-n⁺-Si electrode and a platinum counter has been used for determination of H₂O₂ in the absence of reference electrode by photocurrent measurement at a zero bias. In these conditions a sensitivity of 96.9 μA mM^?1 cm^?2 and a linear response range from 0.02 up to 0.16 mM with a determination limit (S/N?=?3) of 5.4 μM were achieved in KOH solution at pH 13.3. In addition, the electrode also exhibited superior stability, anti-interference and selectivity.     

Co3O4纳米片的制备及对H2O2电还原反应的催化性能简

通过恒电势电沉积和加热处理在泡沫镍基体上制备了Co3O4纳米片. 利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对纳米片的形貌和结构进行了表征. 采用线性伏安扫描和计时电流技术研究了Co3O4纳米片电极对H2O2的电还原性能. 结果表明,在3.0 mol/L KOH 和 0.4 mol/L H2O2溶液中,当电压为-0.4 V(vs. Ag/AgCl)时,线性伏安扫描电流密度达到-0.386 A/cm2,在1000 s 测试时间内,计时电流密度衰减很小,表明Co3O4纳米片电极对H2O2具有很高的活性和稳定性.