一种基于不平坦基底结构的混合等离子体波导

提出了一种工作于太赫兹波段的、基于半圆柱形"不平坦"InSb基底结构的混合等离子体波导.分析了半导体材料InSb的相对介电常量随工作频率的变化特性,重点研究了该混合波导以及两种不同形变结构的有效模场面积、传播长度、品质因数、能量分布等随波导工作频率、波导尺寸的变化情况.结果表明,本文提出的"不平坦"基底结构波导可以达到与传统结构几乎相同的传播长度,有效模场面积较传统结构减小了一个数量级以上,具有非常强的模场约束性,适合于太赫兹频段高密度集成电路中的应用.     

纳米金属肋混合表面等离子体波导模式特性分析

基于传统混合表面等离子体波导,提出了一种半导体纳米线和纳米金属肋混合的表面等离子体波导.采用有限元法对其模式特性进行了数值模拟,研究了该波导的有效折射率、传播损耗、归一化模场面积等特性随波导几何尺寸的变化规律,分析了该混合波导的增益阈值.结果表明:该波导具有较低的传播损耗和较强的光场限制能力,并且混合模式的最小模面积仅为0.001 52μm2.     

平行光子晶体波导的传输特性及应用

采用时域有限差分法研究两平行光子晶体波导的传输特性及模场分布,利用耦合模理论计算光子晶体波导的耦合系数。计算结果表明,在不同的频率范围内两平行光子晶体波导之间表现出不同的耦合特性:在高频段(0.32~0.44)(ωa/2πc)的范围内两直波导表现出相互的能量交换,实现光耦合,耦合系数随入射波 频率增加而减小;而在低频段(0.29~0.32)(ωa/2πc)的范围内,两波导的传输谱图几乎重合。最后,提出一种采用固定波导耦合长度同时实现光分束及光均分器的方案,当耦合长度取34a时,可将频率为0.333 (ωa/2πc)和 0.357(ωa/2πc)的两入射波分束传播,同时将低频段中的任意频率波进行能量均分。     

蝴蝶形中空表面等离子体波导的传输特性

本文设计了一种蝴蝶形中空表面等离子体波导,并对其传输特性进行了研究.采用频域有限差分法,对这种波导所支持的基模的能流密度分布、有效折射率、传播长度和模式面积随几何参数和工作波长的变化关系进行了分析.结果表明:沿纵向的能流主要分布在由四个圆洞所构成的上下两个尖角之间的区域,且越接近尖角,沿纵向的能流越大.对中空圆洞的半径、上下两排圆洞圆心间横向距离和左右两列圆洞圆心间的纵向距离进行调节,模式的有效折射率、传播长度和模式面积也随之变化.在工作波长确定的条件下,相对于b=r/4的情况来说,当b=r/2时,上下两个尖角之间的距离较大,场与金属的相互作用较弱,有效折射率就较大,传播长度也较大.在几何参数确定的条件下,相对于λ=705.0 nm的情形来说,在λ较大时,场的分布范围较大,场与金属表面的接触面积较大,场与金属的相互作用较弱,有效折射率较小,传播距离较长.与由两个和三个空心圆柱构成芯区的表面等离子体波导相比较,蝴蝶形中空表面等离子体波导具有良好的传输特性.如果在波导结构中心填充增益介质,可以克服较大的传播损耗,因此这种蝴蝶形中空表面等离子体波导可以用于光子器件集成领域和传感器领域.     

领结形中空表面等离子体波导的传输特性

设计了一种领结形中空表面等离子体波导.采用频域有限差分法,对这种波导所支持的基模的能流密度分布、有效折射率、传播长度和模式面积随几何结构参数和工作波长的依赖关系进行了分析.结果表明,沿纵向的能流主要分布在两个上下突起所形成的中间区域.通过调整几何参数及工作波长,可以调节模式的有效折射率、传播长度和模式面积.在工作波长确定的条件下,有效折射率随突起半径的增大呈减小趋势,而传播长度和模式面积则随着突起半径的增大呈增大趋势,四个角上的圆弧半径对波导的传输特性有微调作用,左右扇形区域的半径对波导的传输特性有较明显 关键词： 集成光学 光波导 表面等离子体波导     

聚合物填充的狭缝波导定向耦合器的数值分析(英文)

利用亥姆霍兹方程和有限差分法,给出一种用于分析聚合物SU-8填充的双狭缝波导定向耦合特性的数值方法,推导出双耦合狭缝波导模式特性的特征方程,并做了离散化和稀疏化处理,得到耦合波导的模式场分布和有效折射率.通过求解最高阶偶对称和最高阶奇对称模式的有效折射率,得到TE和TM偏振态下定向耦合器的耦合长度.数值分析结果表明,当耦合间距小于800nm时,耦合长度小于100μm.利用椭偏仪测得狭缝波导各层材料的光学参数随工作波长的色散关系,研究分析了双狭缝波导耦合长度和模式损耗的色散特性.分析显示,随着工作波长的增大,两种偏振模式下的耦合长度均减小,且TM模式下的耦合长度大于TE模式下的耦合长度,当工作波长为1 550nm时,二者分别为28.2和26.2μm(两狭缝波导间的耦合间距为0.5μm时).同时,模式损耗也随波长的增大而减小,且TE模式损耗大于TM模式损耗,当工作波长为1 550nm时,TE及TM模式的振幅衰减系数分别为5.65和3.16dB/cm.     

金属包层对称平面单轴晶体波导的模式场(Ⅱ)

对于晶体光轴平行于波导界面的结构,讨论了光在金属包层对称平面单轴晶体波导(波导层是单轴晶体,两个波导界面均为金属)内的传输特性.解析地得到了这种结构下波导模式场的精确解.模式场的性质因单轴晶体的性质不同而异.对于正单轴晶体,波导的主模是横电波,任何频率的光波均可激励该模式;当频率满足一定条件时,波导内传输单模,否则,将激励起高阶模式.高阶模既非TE波,也非TM波,而是两者耦合而成的混合模.对于负单轴晶体,波导的主模是一种混合模,该模式同样可被任何频率的光波所激励;当频率满足一定条件时,波导内传输单模,否则 关键词： 平面金属波导 单轴晶体 模式场 混合模     

空间交叉波导耦合特性分析

由两根在空间呈X型放置的光波导组成的空间交叉波导结构是构成垂直耦合光分束器、垂直耦合光滤波器、垂直耦合光开关和垂直耦合上/下复用器等三维集成光学器件的基本结构单元.提出用一种等效模场匹配法分析空间交叉波导耦合特性,将矩形波导的场分布看成是对圆对称光纤场分布的微扰,解决了对角区场分布的表达,从而计算空间交叉波导的耦合长度,并用三维全矢量光束传输法验证了分析结果.将两种方法所得的空间交叉波导耦合长度加以比较,最大误差为1.2%,平均误差为0.9%.结果表明该等效模场匹配法具有精度高、运算速度快等优点,为基于空间交叉波导的三维集成光学器件的设计和分析提供理论基础.     

一种电光可调的铌酸锂/钠基表面等离子体定向耦合器

为了满足日益增加的集成光子器件设计的需求,本文研究了一种铌酸锂/钠表面等离子体波导(Li Nb O3/Na surface plasmonic waveguide, LNSPW),并利用LNSPW构成电光可调的定向耦合器(directional coupling,DC).利用有限元方法 (finite element method, FEM)对波导的模式特性和耦合器的耦合特性进行了分析.结果表明,随着波导尺寸的增大,传播长度可达约200μm,归一化有效模场面积小于0.4.通过调节耦合间距(W_gap)、耦合长度(L_C)和工作波长(λ)等参数,铌酸锂钠表面等离子体波导构建的定向耦合结构可实现3 d B耦合.当W_gap=100 nm和L_C=17μm时, DC在V₀=53 V时可实现3 d B耦合,且具有较好的方向性和隔离度.LNSPW的研究为实现可调的DC提供了一种可行的方案,在集成电光可调器件研究领域有潜在的应用前景.除此之外, LNSPW还可广泛应用于非线性光学、光信号处理及光全...     

一种硅基金属狭缝表面等离子体波导的设计

设计了一种适用于光电子集成电路的表面等离子体波导结构.利用三维全矢量时域有限差分法对该波导结构进行了数值模拟,并分析了其在基模传输时的模式场分布与金属结构顶角的关系以及其能量限制性.研究了该波导结构在不同金属材料下的有效折射率和传播长度对芯层宽度的依赖关系,讨论了两个该波导结构之间的耦合长度、最大转移功率和彼此间的串扰.结果表明:光场被高度限制在芯层区域,在金属结构顶角为135°时,其能量限制因子更高;在金属材料确定的情况下,有效折射率随芯层宽度增大而减小,而传播长度增大;在芯层宽度一定的条件下,两个波导结构间的耦合长度随波导间距增大而增大,最大转移功率和串扰随波导间距增大而减小.     

有限元分析法在SOI基微环谐振器设计中的应用

利用有限元法(FEM)分析了大横截面SOI(Silicon-on-insulator)脊型波导的本征模式分布,确定了脊型波导的单模条件。在保证单模传输的情况下,模拟了SOI微环谐振器中波导耦合器的耦合长度、功率耦合系数与波导尺寸和间距的关系。模拟结果表明:对于W=1μm,H=2μm的SOI脊型波导耦合器,耦合长度LC随波导间距d的增加而增大,功率耦合系数随之减小。在波导间距d0.8μm的情况下,耦合长度LC随着归一化脊高r的增加而增大,当d0.8μm时,耦合长度LC随r的增加而减小。模拟结果为SOI微环谐振器的设计和应用提供了理论依据。     

介质镀膜空芯光纤在THz频段的传输特性

 理论分析了介质镀膜空芯光纤在THz频段的传输特性，得出了该光纤的特征方程及模式分布。利用射线光学原理计算了介质膜材料为聚酰亚胺、介质膜厚度为0.05 mm的光纤的衰减常数随介质膜内直径的变化情况。得出其主模在THz频段的衰减常数小于1 dB/m，该值远小于相同内径的金属圆波导在这一频段的衰减常数。模拟计算了介质膜厚度为0.05 mm、内径为1 mm，金属膜内径为1.05 mm的介质镀膜空芯光纤在0~1 THz的S参数，模拟结果显示该光纤在THz频段有很宽的通带，且在通带内衰减常数小于0.5 dB/m，可用于THz频段电磁波远距离传输。     

Oscillations at a difference frequency in the middle and far infrareds in GaP semiconductor waveguides

The feasibility of oscillation at a difference frequency in the middle and far infrareds is considered under the condition of phase matching between a nonlinear polarization wave and a difference mode produced by two fundamental modes with a wavelength near 1 μm excited in a GaP dielectric waveguide. With 10-W short-wave modes propagating in a 100-μm-wide planar waveguide, the power of the difference mode can be as high as 300 μW at 1–8 THz at room temperature. When the GaP waveguide leans upon a silicon substrate, the power of the difference mode may reach 5 mW at 10–14 THz at the same temperatures.     

Coupling external cavity mid-IR quantum cascade lasers with low loss hollow metallic/dielectric waveguides

We report on the optical coupling between hollow core waveguides and external cavity mid-IR quantum cascade lasers (QCLs). Waveguides with 1000???m bore size and lengths ranging from 2 to 14?cm, with metallic (Ag)/dielectric (AgI or polystyrene) circular cross-section internal coatings, have been employed. Our results show that the QCL mode is perfectly matched to the hybrid HE₁₁ waveguide mode, demonstrating that the internal dielectric coating thickness is effective to suppress the higher losses TE-like modes. Optical losses down to 0.44?dB/m at 5.27???m were measured in Ag/polystyrene-coated waveguide with an almost unitary coupling efficiency.     

Design and analysis of a vertical directional coupler between a three-dimensional plasmonic slot waveguide and a silicon waveguide

The design of a vertical directional coupler between a three-dimensional plasmonic slot waveguide and a silicon waveguide is theoretically investigated in detail. It consists of two steps: the design of isolated plasmonic slot waveguide and silicon waveguide and the determination of the gap between the two waveguides and the length of a coupling region. The designed structure transfers 70.8% of the power carried by the silicon waveguide mode to the plasmonic slot waveguide mode when the gap is 150 nm and the coupling length is 2.14 μm. The wavelength dependence of our vertical directional coupler is also studied. The analysis shows that the amount of the transferred power changes slightly over a very wide wavelength range between 1.40 μm and 1.61 μm. Moreover, if we employ the fabrication technology for silicon photonics, it is quite tolerant to the variation of the length of its coupling section. Finally, the vertical directional coupler is considered for a polarizer.     

Efficient second-harmonic generation in nonlinear plasmonic waveguide

We theoretically studied a nonlinear optical process in a hybrid plasmonic waveguide composed of a nonlinear dielectric waveguide and a metal film with a separation of a thin air gap. Owing to the hybridization effect of guided mode and surface plasmon polariton mode, this particular waveguide is able to confine the optical-field in a deep subwavelength scale together with low propagation loss. Based on this, efficient second-harmonic generations (SHG) were revealed at the fundamental wavelength of λ=1.55?μm with good field confinement. The SHG efficiency, as well as the coupling coefficient and mode area, were analyzed and discussed in detail with respect to the structural parameters.     

Design and analysis of a metallic waveguide with a DAST cap for continuously phase-matched terahertz difference frequency generation

We present a novel source for continuous terahertz (THz) wave generation using an organic ionic salt, 4-dimethylamino-N-methyl-4-stilbazolium-tosylate (DAST). THz waves are generated based on difference frequency generation (DFG) in the device. Phase matching condition and THz generation between 1.3 THz and 2.7 THz, for optical pump around 1.6 μm, are investigated. Our calculations predict that the device produces a relatively high THz output power of 11.07 μW from a 4 cm long waveguide at 2 THz.     

Coupled THz Waveguide Utilizing Surface Plasmon Polaritons on Thin Dielectric Slab Sandwiched between Two Corrugated Metallic Claddings

We present a comprehensive experimental study of terahertz （THz） wave propagation utilizing surface plasmon polaritons （SPPs） on the interfaces of a thin dielectric core layer sandwiched between two corrugated metallic claddings. THz wave impinges on the structured surfaces at normal incidence. Long-lasting oscillation propagation features are observed in the temporal waveform after traveling through the periodic arrays. The enhanced THz transmission can be achieved due to the coupling between incident waves to SPPs at the bottom and top interfaces. The finite element method is used to simulate the field distribution and the transmission mode in the waveguide. The hybrid waveguide with low absorption has great potential applications in THz integrated devices.     

Vertical coupling characteristics between hybrid plasmonic slot waveguide and Si waveguide

For development of complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible integrated optical circuits, vertical directional coupling between a hybrid plasmonic slot waveguide and a Si waveguide is theoretically investigated in detail. To determine the vertical separation gap and efficient coupling length, we investigate the characteristics of the even and odd supermodes at a wavelength of 1.55 μm. The vertical coupler transfers 90% of the power carried by the Si waveguide to the hybrid plasmonic slot waveguide after normalizing to reference waveguides when the gap is 60 nm and the coupling length is 2.6 μm. Because of the lossy hybrid guided mode in the plasmonic waveguide, the transmitted power exhibits damped sinusoidal behavior depending on the overlapping length. The proposed vertical coupler shows more efficient light coupling between a dielectric and plasmonic waveguide in comparison to the other types of hybrid coupler, and can be exploited further for on-chip integrated opto-electronic circuits.     

Mode energy transformation between two connected multimode general square-law-index optical waveguides

A coherent states method is used to investigate the mode coupling coefficients in the most general buttjoint problem for two multimode general square-law-index optical waveguides, when two different waveguides with elliptical cross-sections are to be butt-jointed with axis displacement, tilt and some turning of symmetry axes with respect to each other. The explicit expressions for the mode coupling coefficients and recurrence relations for the mode overlap integrals are obtained; the sum rules for the mode coupling coefficients are formulated and a method of experimental data analysis is proposed for this general problem. The method of calculating mode coupling coefficients is proposed for the case of the butt-joint problem when the waveguide cross-sections are only partially overlapping and then it is used to investigate the influence of misalignment on mode power distribution and pulse dispersion in the second waveguide. The experimental data are compared and it is shown that the coupling coefficients obtained in square-law-index model can be used in dispersion calculations forα-profile fibres in the case when the valueα is not far from the valueα=2.