NiTi合金势能面的第一性原理研究

采用模守恒赝势(Lin方案)和平面波超软赝势对两种NiTi异构体超晶胞势能面进行了理论研究，结果表明：由于在绝对零度下B19′相总能量低于B2相总能量，B19′相更为稳定.对于B2相，合金化元素Au和Fe在Ni原子位处于势能面平衡点而Ni(Ni位)及位于Ti原子位的Ti，Zr 和Al并非处于平衡位置.在B19′相，Ni，Au，Fe，Ti，Zr，Al均处于势能面平衡点.NiTi合金的马氏体相变应该主要是来自Ni、Ti原子位于势能面非平衡位置所致. 关键词： 密度泛函 势能面 NiTi 合金     

Mg-Y-Zn合金三元金属间化合物的电子结构及其相稳定性的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函的第一性原理平面波赝势方法计算Mg-Y-Zn合金三元金属间化合物X-Mg₁₂YZn 相和W-Mg₃Y₂Zn₃相的晶格常数、形成焓和电子结构. 形成焓的计算结果表明, X-Mg₁₂YZn相和W-Mg₃Y₂Zn₃相都具有负的形成焓, 并且W-Mg₃Y₂Zn₃相的形成焓更低; 电子结构的计算分析表明, W-Mg₃Y₂Zn₃相成键峰主要来自Mg的2p轨道、Zn的3p轨道和Y的4d轨道的贡献. 而X-Mg₁₂YZn相成键峰主要来自Mg的3s和2p轨道、Zn的3p轨道和Y的4d轨道的贡献. 对W-Mg₃Y₂Zn₃相(011)面和X-Mg₁₂YZn相(0001)面的电荷密度分析表明, 两相中Zn-Y原子间都形成了共价键, 且W-Mg₃Y₂Zn₃相的共价性比X-Mg₁₂YZn相的共价性更强. 在费米能级低能级处, W-Mg₃Y₂Zn₃相具有更多的成键电子数, 决定了W-Mg₃Y₂Zn₃相比X-Mg₁₂YZn相有更好的相稳定性.     

高压下Al0.77Mn0.19Yb0.04合金准晶T相的形成及结构

利用静高压(4.2GPa)熔态(1300℃)淬火(10~2℃/S)方法,对含稀土的铝锰合金Al_(0.77)Mn_(0.10)Yb_(0.04)进行了研究。首次发现了准晶T相的形成。利用选区透射电子衍射技术,对合金中准晶态的结构对称性进行了观察和分析。根据X射线和电子衍射对其衍射峰进行了指标化。使用扫描电镜和能谱技术进行了成份分析。     

T1系超导体中T1含量的控制

Ｔ１－２２２３和Ｔ１－２２１２相超导样品经Ｔｌ２Ｏ３蒸气处理超导转变温度发生明显的变化，Ｔｃ的变化来源于样品中Ｔ１含量的变化，Ｔｌ２Ｏ３蒸气能有效地阻止Ｔ１基超导体中Ｔ１的损失，随着Ｔｌ２Ｏ３蒸气压的增加Ｔ１损失明显减少，这是一种控制Ｔ１浓度的有效方法。     

Mg-Al-Ca合金中三元Laves相的稳定性和电子结构

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,应用VASP (Vienna Ab-initio Simulation Package) 计算软件,研究了Mg-Al-Ca合金中三元Laves相,即Ca(Mg1-x,Alx)2和Al2(Ca1-x,Mgx) (x=0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1)在不同形态结构(C14, C15和C36)下的相稳定性及电子结构。计算所得的晶格常数和实验值吻合很好,形成能和相关能的计算用来研究三元Laves相的合金化能力和稳定性,结果表明：C14-Ca(Mg0.25,Al0.75)2具有很好的合金化能力,而C15- CaAl2具有很好的结构稳定性。态密度和电荷密度的计算用来研究Mg-Al-Ca合金中三元Laves相稳定性的内在微观机制。     

Mg-Al-Ca合金中二元Laves相的电子结构和力学性能

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,研究了Mg-Al-Ca合金中AB2型二元Laves相(如CaMg2,CaAl2和MgAl2)在不同形态结构(C14,C15和C36)下的晶体结构、电子结构和力学性能.计算所得的晶格常数与实验数据吻合很好.形成能与相关能的计算表明C15-CaAl2 Laves相具有很好的合金化能力和结构稳定性.态密度和电荷密度的计算从微观上进一步分析了C15-CaAl2具有很好的合金化能力和稳定性的根源.弹性常数的计算和力学性能的分析表明C14- MgAl2具有很好的延展性,C15- MgAl2具有很好的塑性.     

相场法研究AlxCuMnNiFe高熵合金富Cu相析出机理

BCC(体心立方)和FCC(面心立方)结构共存的高熵合金通常具有优异的综合力学性能, Al元素可以促进含Cu高熵合金由FCC向BCC结构转变.本文基于Chan-Hilliard方程和Allen-Cahn方程,建立Al_xCuMnNiFe高熵合金三维相场模型,模拟了Al_xCuMnNiFe高熵合金(x=0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7)在823 K等温时效时纳米富Cu相的微观演化过程.结果表明, Al_xCuMnNiFe高熵合金时效时会产生两种复杂核壳结构:富Cu核/B2_s壳以及B2_c核/FeMn壳,通过讨论分析发现形成的B2_c对纳米富Cu相的形成起到抑制作用,这种抑制作用随着Al元素的增加而变大;结合经验公式做出Al_xCuMnNiFe高熵合金富Cu相的屈服强度随时效时间的变化曲线,得到峰值屈服强度的时效时间和合金体系,可以为时效工艺提供参考.     

铜基大块非晶合金添加微量元素对腐蚀行为的影响机理研究

通过分子动力学方法模拟了Cu-Al合金液相,然后模拟降温过程得到Cu-Al非晶合金.通过计算机编程建立了Cu-Al-M非晶基体、Cu-Al-M非晶表面及吸附O原子Cu-Al-M非晶表面原子结构模型.利用实空间连分数方法,研究了添加微量合金元素Zr,Nb,Ta,V,Y,Sc对Cu基大块非晶合金的腐蚀行为的影响机理.研究发现合金元素Zr,Nb,Ta,V,Sc不向清洁Cu基非晶表面偏聚,但除Y外向有氧吸附的表面偏聚,说明有氧吸附后Cu基非晶表面偏聚发生逆转.键级积分计算表明Zr,Nb,Ta,V,Y,Sc元素均增大与氧之间的结合力,易形成氧化膜,提高Cu基大块非晶的耐蚀性.稀土Y提高Cu基大块非晶的耐蚀性可能是由于它向合金与氧化膜界面偏聚并提高了合金与氧化膜的结合力.     

Mg–Al-Ca合金中二元Laves相的电子结构和力学性能

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,研究了Mg-Al-Ca合金中AB2型二元Laves相（如CaMg2, CaAl2 和MgAl2 ）在不同形态结构（C14, C15和C36）下的晶体结构、电子结构和力学性能。计算所得的晶格常数与实验数据吻合很好。形成能与相关能的计算表明C15- CaAl2 Laves相具有很好的合金化能力和结构稳定性。态密度和电荷密度的计算从微观上进一步分析了C15-CaAl2具有很好的合金化能力和稳定性的根源。弹性常数的计算和力学性能的分析表明C14-MgAl2具有很好的延展性,C15-MgAl2具有很好的塑性。     

Mg–Al-Ca合金中二元Laves相的电子结构和力学性能

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,研究了Mg-Al-Ca合金中AB2型二元Laves相（如CaMg2, CaAl2 和MgAl2 ）在不同形态结构（C14, C15和C36）下的晶体结构、电子结构和力学性能。计算所得的晶格常数与实验数据吻合很好。形成能与相关能的计算表明C15- CaAl2 Laves相具有很好的合金化能力和结构稳定性。态密度和电荷密度的计算从微观上进一步分析了C15-CaAl2具有很好的合金化能力和稳定性的根源。弹性常数的计算和力学性能的分析表明C14-MgAl2具有很好的延展性,C15-MgAl2具有很好的塑性。     

Ce-La-Th合金高压相变的第一性原理计算

采用第一性原理计算对Ce_(0.8)La_(0.1)Th_(0.1)在高压下fcc-bct的结构相变、弹性性质及热力学性质进行了研究讨论.通过对计算结果的分析,发现了合金在压力下的相变规律,压强升高到31.6 GPa附近时fcc相开始向bct相转变,到34.9 GPa时bct相趋于稳定.对弹性模量的计算结果从另一角度反映了结构相变的信息.最后,利用准谐德拜模型对两种结构的高温高压热力学性质进行了理论预测.     

First-principles study of martensitic phase transformation of TiRh alloy

Geometric structures and atomic positions were studied with plane wave pseudo-potential method based on density functional theory for cubic, tetragonal, and monoclinic phases of TiRh alloy. Their phonon dispersion curves were obtained with frozen phonon method at harmonic approximation using density-functional perturbation theory. Our calculations revealed that both B2 and L1₀ phases are thermodynamically unstable. Jahn-Teller effect triggers the occurrence of Bain transformation from cubic to tetragonal phase, and then soft-mode phonon further leads to the transition from tetragonal to monoclinic phase on cooling. The monoclinic phase was predicted to be P2/m space group through atomic vibrational movement along [001] direction of virtual frequency modes of L1₀ phase. The temperature from B2 to L1₀ and then to P2/m were predicted to be about T=1100.53 K and T=324.48 K through free energy calculations with the electronic plus vibrational energy of formation, respectively, which is in good agreement with experimental observations.     

First-principles calculations for transition phase and thermodynamic properties of GaAs

The transition phase of GaAs from the zincblende (ZB) structure to the rocksalt (RS) structure is investigated by ab initio plane-wave pseudopotential density functional theory method, and the thermodynamic properties of the ZB and RS structures are obtained through the quasi-harmonic Debye model. It is found that the transition from the ZB structure to the RS structure occurs at the pressure of about 16.3\,GPa, this fact is well consistent with the experimental data and other theoretical results. The dependences of the relative volume V/V₀ on the pressure P, the Debye temperature \Th and specific heat C_V on the pressure P, as well as the specific heat C_V on the temperature T are also obtained successfully.     

Au-Si-Au结点电子输运性质的第一性原理计算

采用密度泛函理论和非平衡格林函数相结合的方法对Au(100)-Si-Au(100) 系统左侧对顶位、右侧对空位的纳米结点的电子输运性质进行了理论模拟计算, 结果得到纳米结点的电导随电极距离(d_z)增大而减小. 在d_z =9.72 Å时, 结点的结合能最低, 结构最稳定, 此时电导为1.227G₀ (G₀=2e²/h), 其电子输运通道主要是Si原子的p_x, p_y和 p_z轨道电子形成的最高占居轨道共振峰; 在外偏压下, 电流-电压曲线表现出线性特征; 随着外加正负电压的增大, 电导略有减小, 且表现出不对称性的变化. 关键词： 硅原子 电子输运 密度泛函理论 非平衡格林函数     

First-principles calculations of structure and high pressure phase transition in gallium nitride

The phase transitions of semiconductor GaN from the Wurtzite (WZ) structure and the zinc-blende (ZB) structure to the rocksalt (RS) structure are investigated by using the first-principles plane-wave pseudopotential density functional method combined with the ultrasoft pseudopotential scheme in the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) correction. It is found that the phase transitions from the WZ structure and the ZB structure to the RS structure occur at pressures of 46.1 GPa and 45.2 GPa, respectively. The lattice parameters, bulk moduli and their pressure derivatives of these structures of GaN are also calculated. Our results are consistent with available experimental and other theoretical results. The dependence of the normalized formula-unit volume $V/V_{0 }$ on pressure $P$ is also successfully obtained.     

Magnetic resonance differentiation between T2 and T1 gallbladder carcinoma: significance of subserosal enhancement on the delayed phase dynamic study

Purpose

The aim of this study is to investigate whether subserosal enhancement on the delayed-phase dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) study (SED) can differentiate T2 from T1 gallbladder carcinoma (GBC).

Methods

The institutional research board approved this retrospective study. Between 1997 and 2006, there were surgically proven 11 T1 and 21 T2 GBC in 30 patients, all of whom had undergone preoperative contrast enhanced dynamic MR study, either with a 2D sequence (n=17) or 3D sequences (n=15). All images were reviewed by two radiologists for the presence of SED, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated by consensus.

Results

The areas under the ROC curves of the two readers were 0.91 and 0.86, and the kappa value was 0.78. Of the 21 T2 GBC, 18 and 3 showed positive and negative SED, respectively. Of the 11 T1 GBC, 1 and 10 showed positive and negative SED, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of SED for diagnosing T2 lesions were 86%, 88%, 91% and 77%, respectively.

Conclusions

In conclusion, SED may be a useful sign to differentiate T2 from T1 GBC, which would affect the preoperative surgical planning of the patients.     

Mg-Sn-Si系合金的热力学基础及合金相演变过程分析

研究了Mg-Sn-Si系合金的热力学基础及合金相的演变过程. 结果表明: 对于Mg-Sn-Si系合金, 合金相的比热容随着温度增加而增加, 在低温下变化迅速, 而在高温下变化平缓, 其热膨胀系数在低温范围内随温度升高呈指数形式增加, 而在高温范围内呈线性增大. 在Mg₂ (Si_x, Sn_1-x)、Mg₂ (Sn_x, Si_1-x)相结构中, Sn(Si)原子的取代位置不固定, 可以是面心, 也可以是顶点. 常规凝固过程中, 由于处于非平衡状态, x的取值范围有所波动, 对于Mg₂ (Si_x, Sn_1-x)和Mg₂ (Sn_x, Si_1-x) 两种结构, x的取值范围在0.25或0.75附近. Mg₂ (Si, Sn)的生成温度较高, 可从液相中直接析出, 也可由Mg₂Si转化而来, 而Mg₂ (Sn, Si)的生成温度较低, 只能从基体中析出, 随着Sn含量的增加, 开始析出Mg₂ (Sn, Si)相的温度升高.     

First-principles study of the Li2TiGeO5 ferroelastic phase transition

The electronic structures of ferroelastic lithium titanium germanate are investigated by first-principles method. The structure changes caused by the phase transition are discussed. It is shown that the orthorhombic structure is more stable than the tetragonal structure. The remarkable ferroelastic property largely originates from the Ge–O hybridization, which is enhanced by the Ti–O hybridization. The effective density and potential shows the changes of atoms bonding accompanying the ferroelastic phase transition.     

单层二硫化钼多相性质及相变的第一性原理研究

本文基于密度泛函的第一性原理,并引入范德瓦耳斯力修正,研究了单层二硫化钼2H,1T,ZT三种相的电学性质及相变原理.首先通过结构弛豫确定了三种相的几何结构,能带和态密度计算证实1T相具有金属性质,ZT相具有半导体性质,带隙为0.01 eV.然后结合变形势理论计算了2H和ZT相的迁移率,ZT相的迁移率高达104cm~2·V~(-1)·s~(-1),进一步拓展了单层二硫化钼的应用范围.最后通过对比三种相吸附锂原子结合能,计算2H-1T相变能量曲线,解释了引起二硫化钼相变的原因.本文的研究结果将对单层二硫化钼实验制备表征以及相关光电器件性能分析提供重要参考.