论证安培环路定律的两点补充

关于真空中磁场的安培环路定律常常“只给出无限长直导线情形的证明,并把闭合积分环路L限制在与导线垂直的平面里”[1],接着就把这个定律推广到任意形状的空间闭合回路和任意形状的电流中去应用,这使初学者往往产生某些疑虑.为此,建议作两点补充:一、直圆柱面上任意闭合回路的B的环流 假设有一无限长载流直导线,流过的电流为1,今作一个底面垂直直导线,半径为r的直圆柱面(图一).根据毕奥-萨伐尔定律,圆柱面上各点的B的大小为方向为该点所在圆周的切线方向.因此,沿圆周闭合回路的B的环流为今统直圆柱面一周,任意作一闭合回路abca,则记ds—C…     

关于讲全电流定律的一些意见

我们知道,描写稳恒电流所生磁场的定律有二,其一是毕奥——沙伐——拉普拉斯定律,它说明任何电流元|d|在任何给定点P所生磁场为其二即安培环路定律,它指出在任何闭合电流所生磁场中,沿任何闭合回路的H矢量的线积分等于通过这闭合回路内各电流强度代数和的4π倍,     

关于空心载流圆柱体的磁场

很多教科书中都讨论过用安培定律计算电流分布具有特殊对称性的磁场的好处[1][2]例如,用安培定律计算载流圆柱体的磁场式中的积分遍及包围总电流I的闭合路径.对于半径为R,载电流为I的无限长圆柱体,根据(1)式,可以求出刚好在圆柱体外的磁场.H=I/2πR(2)这个结果无论是实心圆柱体或空心圆柱体都成立. 本文将讨论某些学生不用安培定律而采用其他途径求解空心载流圆柱体的磁场时,是怎样得出似乎不同的结果的.他们分析过程中的缺陷,看来是不少学生在解题技能发展的初期遇到的一个共同问题.因此,这个问题值得讨论.图1是位于纸平面上载电流I的空…     

全电流定律是怎样得出的?

程守洙、江之永主编《普通物理学》第二册(第三版)第335页,是这样得出全电流定律的: “由传导电流或运流电流产生的磁场,满足如下安培环路定律:式中H1是传导电流或运流电流产生的磁场中的磁场强度。对于位移电流产生的磁场,如用H2表示其磁场强度,则由安培环路定律可得 在一般情况中,磁场可以由传导电流、运流电流和位移电流共同产生,我们用H表示总磁场强度,显然H将等于H1和H2的矢量和,根据上述两式,可得如下全电流定律: 这样得出全电流定律是不妥的。 虽然,H等于HI和HZ的矢量和是正确的,而且由此还可以得到但是,以下二式只有当传导电流…     

求三维导体自感系数的另一方法

求解三维导体(指具有一定形状和大小的导体)的自感系数,通常有两种方法.一是利用磁场能量W与自感系数L之间的关系通过计算Wm而求L(以下简称磁能法);二是通过计算磁链求L(以下简称磁链法)[1],[2].本文试图从法拉第电磁感应定律出发,将其推广于三维导体,由此导出求解自感系数的另一方法──平均磁通法.当然,此种方法同样可以用来计算导体间的互感系数. 众所周知,法拉第电磁感应定律本是对于一维导体(细导线回路)而言的,它具有十分简洁的数学形式现在考察一粗细不均的导体回路(图一).我们假定其内部的电流分布满足似稳条件,并具有共同的时间…     

任意形状的载流线圈在远处磁场分布的简单计算

文章根据毕－沙定律、电流回路元和载流线圈的费曼模型，用普通物理的方法计算出载流线圈在远处一点的磁场分布。     

电磁现象中的功能关系

1　电磁现象中都有功能关系电流周围的磁场所具有的能量是怎样转换来的 ?在金属导体两端加上电压 ,导体中就有电场 .自由电子在电场力的作用下 ,定向移动而形成电流 ,同时在它的周围激发磁场 .所以电流周围磁场的能量是通过电场力对定向移动的电荷做功转换来的 .当闭合回路中的     

新型高温超导复合导体的磁场仿真与实验分析

针对兆伏安级容量的超导变压器,通过绕组初步设计,考虑导体的电流密度、载流量和交流损耗,提出面向大容量超导变压器应用的新型超导复合导体结构,介绍了含内外超导层的新型高温超导复合导体的结构。引入电流矢量T和磁矢量势A的方法,考虑临界电流密度J_c和磁场B的关系,建立了导体不对称三维数值载流模型,计算分析了不同结构参数对导体临界电流的影响规律。通过绕制的新型高温超导复合导体短样,在液氮环境下对其自场临界电流进行了测量,计算结果和实验结果基本吻合,验证了模型的合理性。     

用毕—萨定律计算圆平行板电容器极板上电流的磁场

用毕－萨定律计算了分布在圆平行板电容器极板上电流的磁场，从而证实：１）在似稳定下磁场完全是由传导电流产生的，“位移电流”的磁场为零；２）极板电流在电路容器内部产生的磁场很大，它极大地削弱了馈线电流的磁场，使得电容器内部的磁场很小。     

用毕－萨定律计算圆平行板电容器极板上电流的磁场

用毕－萨定律计算了分布在圆平行板电容器极板上电流的磁场,从而证实了：１）在似稳条件下磁场完全是由传导电流产生的,“位移电流”的磁场为零;２）极板电流在电路容器内部产生的磁场很大,它极大地的削弱了馈线电流的磁场,使得电容器内部的磁场很小．     

Magnetic guide of cold atoms using a U-shaped current-carrying conductor

We propose a new scheme to magnetically guide cold neutral atoms using a U-shaped current carrying conductor. The spatial magnetic field distribution from the U-shaped current-carrying conductor and the relationship between the magnetic field and parameters of the U-shaped conductor are analysed. Our study shows that U-shaped current-carrying conductor can be used to realize single- or double-channel magnetic guiding of cold atoms in weak-field-seeking states and to construct various atom-optical elements. By using Monte Carlo simulations, the dynamic process of the guided atomic-beam splitting in an atomic-beam splitter composed by the U-shaped current-carrying conductor is studied, and some results are presented.     

Magnetic guiding of cold neutral atoms using a V-shaped current-carrying conductor

A new scheme to magnetically guide cold, neutral atoms using a V-shaped current-carrying conductor is proposed. The spatial distributions of the magnetic fields, potentials and forces generated by the V-shaped current-carrying conductor are calculated, and the relationship between the magnetic field and the parameters of the V-shaped current-carrying conductor are analyzed in detail. Our study shows that the V-shaped current-carrying conductor proposed here can be used to guide cold atoms in the weak-field-seeking state, and to construct various atom-optical elements, such as atomic funnel, atomic beam-splitter and atom interferometer and so on, and even to realize a single-mode atomic waveguiding under certain conditions. Received 17 November 2000 and Received in final form 26 May 2001     

The large-scale vortex structures in plasma-like media and the electric explosion of conductors

Formation of large-scale hydrodynamic convective patterns in plasma-like current-carrying media is considered. This process is shown to be described by the same equations, as Benard rolls, except that a temperature field must be replaced by a magnetic field. A simple low-mode model of spatial pattern formation for a case of cylindrical liquid-metal conductor with current is proposed and investigated. Nonlinear interaction of perturbations of the magnetic field and the velocity field results in an increase of effective conductor resistance even when transport coefficients are constant. In our opinion, it is this instability, that is of first importance at the initial stages of the electric explosion of conductors. In particular, it leads to conductor stratification and electric current interruption. (c) 1996 American Institute of Physics.     

On the influence of a magnetic field with circular field lines on the gravity flow of a magnetic fluid film down a thin cylinder

The gravity-induced flow of a magnetic fluid film down a vertical thin current-carrying cylindrical conductor is considered. The relative thickness of the film is small. A nonlinear equation is derived from a system of ferrohydrodynamic equations that describes the time evolution of the axisymmetric shape of the free film surface, which is set at the zero time. Using this equation, the development of disturbances of the hydrodynamic field is studied in the linear statement. The hydrodynamic field corresponds to the steady flow of the magnetic fluid in the form of a cylindrical film. It is found that such a flow is stable if the current passing through the conductor is sufficiently high.     

Vibration suppression of a cantilever beam using magnetically tuned-mass-damper

Eddy currents are induced by the movement of a conductor through a stationary magnetic field or a time varying magnetic field through a stationary conductor. These currents circulate in the conductive material and are dissipated, causing a repulsive force between the magnet and the conductor. These electromagnetic forces can be used to suppress the vibrations of a flexible structure. A tuned mass damper is a device mounted in structures to reduce the amplitude of mechanical vibrations and is one of the effective vibration suppression methods. In the present study, an improved concept of this tuned mass damper for the vibration suppression of structures is introduced. This concept consists of the classical tuned mass damper and an eddy current damping. The important advantages of this magnetically tuned mass damper are that it is relatively simple to apply, it does not require any electronic devices and external power, and it is effective on the vibration suppression. The proposed concept is designed for a cantilever beam and the analytical studies on the eddy current damping and its effects on the vibration suppression. To show the effectiveness of the proposed concept and verify the eddy current damping model, experiments on a cantilever beam are performed. It is found that the proposed concept could significantly increase the damping effect of the tuned mass damper even if not adequately tuned.     

Some laws of polarization and dispersion of a drop in an electrostatic field

The laws of distribution among contributions in various interactions to the total polarization energy of a conductor in a uniform electrostatic field was analyzed. It is shown that in a closed system, spontaneous shape variations of a liquid conductor with a free surface in an external magnetic field are possible only if they are accompanied by an increase in the conductor dipole moment. Variations of the intrinsic energy of a conductor are studied by the example of a conductive liquid drop in the case where a drop affected by a polarization charge becomes unstable. Analytical expressions defining the sizes and charges of the droplets ejected out of the initial drop under the conditions of instability are derived.     

The observation of field-aligned current during type-III ELM in EAST

Measurements of current-carrying filaments associated with Type-III edge localized mode (ELM) have recently been made in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak by direct probing of the edge plasma using an advanced, fast-moving electrostatic and magnetic probe system. Contrary to expectations, no current filaments were detected near the separatrix. However, a clear signature of current filament has been observed in the far scrape-off layer (SOL) where the difference of the voltage between the divertor plates connecting a filament is sufficiently large, thus strongly suggesting that the current-carrying filaments form in the SOL, rather than being ejected from the plasma inside the separatrix. These findings provide, for the first time, information on the formation and sustainment of current filaments during type-III ELMy H-modes.     

从简单模型入手探究陀螺仪在磁场中的减速问题

2019年中国大学生物理学术竞赛中,非铁磁性导体材料制的陀螺仪在磁场中减速问题的研究没有限定任何具体参数,不易根据麦克斯韦方程得到全面统一的答案.本文从无限长导体圆柱模型入手,通过合理的近似,推导得到了陀螺仪转轴与磁场方向垂直和平行两种条件下,电磁阻力矩与磁感应强度、角速度、电导率等参数依赖关系的表达式,进而给出了磁场...     

也谈一段电流磁场的安培环路定理是否成立?

本文通过全电流定理证明了毕－萨定理．同时也证明了一段传导电流包括其激发的位移电流在内所产生磁场的安培环路定理总是成立的．