基于扫描电子显微镜的碳纳米管拾取操作方法研究

碳纳米管场效应管是未来纳米器件的发展方向,而制造纳米器件的前提是拾取碳纳米管,基于扫描电子显微镜(SEM)的微纳机器人操作系统能够实现碳纳米管拾取操作.本文建立拾取操作中碳纳米管与原子力显微镜(AFM)探针间范德瓦耳斯力力学模型,不同接触状态下范德瓦耳斯力越大越有利于拾取碳纳米管.在SEM视觉反馈图像中建立相对坐标系,首先提出倾角变值方法检测碳纳米管与AFM探针的接触状态,然后运用动态差值方法识别碳纳米管与AFM探针空间位姿并校正碳纳米管位姿,最后自下而上拾取碳纳米管.实验结果表明:拟合直线倾角变值较大时碳纳米管与AFM探针发生接触,动态差值变化为零时碳纳米管与AFM探针为空间线接触,在完全线接触模型下选择合适的接触角度、接触长度和拾取速度能够成功拾取碳纳米管.     

碳纳米管的生长机理、可控生长及应用探索

碳纳米管的可控制生长,及其宏观尺度结构的制备,对于碳纳米管的应用具有重要的意义,为了实现准确的生长控制,对碳纳米管生长机理的深入了解是不可缺少的前提条件.文章介绍了我们近年来在碳纳米管生长机理、可控生长及其应用方面的一些进展.通过引入^13C标记法,我们证实了化学气相沉积法中碳纳米管以析出模式生长;实时改变生长的气相成份和流量,可以在碳纳米管阵列上留下标记序列,并据此测量出其生长速率及活化能.将超顺排碳纳米管阵列的合成扩展到4英寸规模,并发展了用挥发性有机溶剂处理碳纳米管线的方法,大大提高了其强度和可操作性.处理后的碳纳米管线可以方便地用于热电子源、高电流密度冷阴极以及荧光灯等.热界面材料在IT产业中具有重要的应用背景,我们用碳纳米管阵列制备的复合材料具有极高的热导率和极低的界面热阻,同时发展了化学修饰、端部剪裁、金属集热层等新技术以制备高性能的碳纳米管热界面材料.     

碳纳米管的生长机理、可控生长及应用探索

碳纳米管的可控制生长,及其宏观尺度结构的制备,对于碳纳米管的应用具有重要的意义,为了实现准确的生长控制,对碳纳米管生长机理的深入了解是不可缺少的前提条件.文章介绍了我们近年来在碳纳米管生长机理、可控生长及其应用方面的一些进展.通过引入13C标记法,我们证实了化学气相沉积法中碳纳米管以析出模式生长;实时改变生长的气相成份和流量,可以在碳纳米管阵列上留下标记序列,并据此测量出其生长速率及活化能.将超顺排碳纳米管阵列的合成扩展到4英寸规模,并发展了用挥发性有机溶剂处理碳纳米管线的方法,大大提高了其强度和可操作性.处理后的碳纳米管线可以方便地用于热电子源、高电流密度冷阴极以及荧光灯等.热界面材料在IT产业中具有重要的应用背景,我们用碳纳米管阵列制备的复合材料具有极高的热导率和极低的界面热阻,同时发展了化学修饰、端部剪裁、金属集热层等新技术以制备高性能的碳纳米管热界面材料.     

通量可控的双壁碳纳米管水分子泵

以双壁碳纳米管作为基本单元设计了一种新型纳米机械水泵, 其内管固定作为水分子通道, 外管做活塞式轴向运动. 分子动力学计算表明, 水分子净通量及管内水分子电偶极矩分布均与外管运动速率有强烈耦合效应. 该设计可以实现水分子的高效单向运输, 且输运效率可以通过外管活塞运动的速率进行调控. 这些发现可为未来实用纳米分子泵器件的设计提供新的思路.     

170keV质子辐照对多壁碳纳米管薄膜微观结构与导电性能的影响

碳纳米管具有优异的导电性, 是未来电子元器件的理想候选材料, 应用前景广阔. 针对碳纳米管在空间电子元器件的应用需求, 本文研究了170 keV质子辐照对多壁碳纳米管薄膜微观结构与导电性能的影响. 采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、拉曼光谱仪(Raman)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)及电子顺磁共振谱仪(EPR)对辐照前后碳纳米管试样的表面形貌和微观结构进行分析; 利用四探针测试仪对碳纳米管薄膜进行导电性能分析. SEM分析表明, 170 keV质子辐照条件下, 当辐照注量高于5×10¹⁵ p/cm² (protons/cm²)时, 碳纳米管薄膜表面变得粗糙疏松, 纳米管发生明显弯曲、收缩及相互缠结现象. 目前, 质子辐照纳米管发生的收缩现象被首次发现. 基于Raman和XPS分析表明, 170 keV质子辐照后碳纳米管的有序结构得到改善, 且随辐照注量增加, 碳纳米管的有序结构改善明显. 结构的改善主要是由于170 keV质子辐照碳纳米管所产生的位移效应导致缺陷重组. EPR分析表明, 随着辐照注量的增加, 碳纳米管薄膜内的非局域化电子减少. 利用四探针测试分析表明, 碳纳米管薄膜的导电性能变差, 这是由于170 keV质子辐照导致碳纳米管薄膜中的电子特性及形态发生改变. 本文研究结果有助于利用质子辐照对碳纳米管膜结构和性能进行调整, 从而制备出抗辐射的纳米电子器件.     

不同参数多壁碳纳米管的拉曼光谱研究

拉曼光谱是进行碳材料结构与性质研究的有力手段,为了研究多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)的管径和长度对其拉曼光学性质的影响,本研究对一系列不同管径和长度的多壁碳纳米管进行拉曼光谱的测试和分析。研究发现: 与高取向的石墨相比,多壁碳纳米管一阶拉曼光谱的G峰中心和D峰中心都会向低波数发生不同程度的红移;MWCNT两个主要特征峰(G峰和D峰)峰强在其他条件相同的情况下,与MWCNT的管径成正比,与长度成反比;G峰的频移与MWCNT的管径和长度两个因素密切相关,与管径成反比关系(这与单壁碳纳米管的径向呼吸模有着一致的结果),与管长成正比关系,而D 峰的频移受MWCNT的管径和长度的影响很弱,并对此现象进行了初步分析。在此基础上,我们以MWCNT的长径比为横坐标,G峰频移为纵坐标作图,进行线性拟合,得到了G峰频移与长径比成一定的线性递增关系。采用同样的分析方法,我们将G峰和D峰强度分别对MWCNT的长径比作图,进行线性拟合,得到了G峰和D峰强度分别与MWCNT的长径比成一定的线性递减关系。     

基于第一性原理研究单壁碳纳米管的力学性质

用基于第一性原理的Crysta103软件中的Hartree-Fock近似和密度泛函与Hartree-Fock混合近似两种方法计算一系列碳纳米管的杨氏模量,对两种近似方法的计算结果进行比较.Hatree-Fock近似计算的杨氏模量与实验和其它理论结果符合较好;密度泛函和Hartree-Fock混合近似计算的杨氏模量偏小,...     

填充碳纳米管/石墨的复合型电磁波屏蔽膜

介绍一种填充碳纳米管／石墨的复合型电磁波屏蔽膜的组成、制备及其对耐老化性能,实验发现：当碳纳米管／石墨的配比为1／7－1／2、有机聚合物／导电填料的配比为29．6／70．4－32．4／67．6时,该屏蔽具有最佳的电性能、屏蔽性能和加工性能,且在一定条件下具有负的温度系数。用多层结构模型讨论了该屏蔽膜的导电性,并与铜、镍、危险性膜的屏蔽特性进行了比较。     

多壁碳纳米管长度对导热硅脂导热性能的影响

本文以多壁碳纳米管为添加材料用于改善导热硅脂的导热性能,分别研究了碳纳米管长度和碳管表面改性对硅脂热性能的影响。结果表明碳管长度对硅脂的热性能有明显影响,硅脂的导热性能会随着添加的MWCNT长度的增加而降低,只有当MWCNT的长度小于一定值后,才能有效提高硅脂的导热性能,否则可能会产生相反的效果。碳管表面的功能化处理能提高硅脂的导热性能。透射电子显微镜分析表明,经过表面改性的MWCNT表面发生明显变化,功能团的附着使得碳管之间的分散性增强,从而使添加了改性后的MWCNT/硅脂导热系数增大,热阻降低。     

物理导电性的认识发展

 导电性是描述物质的重要物理性能之一,对物质导电性的研究是人们自认识电现象以来不断探讨的一个研究课题。尤其是进入20世纪,在理论上对物质导电性的研究取得了重大突破后,人类对物质导电性的认识提升到了一个新的高度。但人类对物质导电性的认识过程是漫长而艰辛的,回顾整个物质导电性的认识发展历程,将有助于我们从中认清人类认识发展的一般规律、增强从事科学活动的自觉性、提升在科学工作中进行战略分析和作出重大选择判断的能力。     

Thermal conductivity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes:Molecular dynamics simulations

Heat conduction in single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs) has been investigated by using various methods, while less work has been focused on multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs). The thermal conductivities of the double-walled carbon nanotubes(DWCNTs) with two different temperature control methods are studied by using molecular dynamics(MD) simulations. One case is that the heat baths(HBs) are imposed only on the outer wall, while the other is that the HBs are imposed on both the two walls. The results show that the ratio of the thermal conductivity of DWCNTs in the first case to that in the second case is inversely proportional to the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the DWCNT to that of its outer wall. In order to interpret the results and explore the heat conduction mechanisms, the inter-wall thermal transport of DWCNTs is simulated. Analyses of the temperature profiles of a DWCNT and its two walls in the two cases and the interwall thermal resistance show that in the first case heat is almost transported only along the outer wall, while in the second case a DWCNT behaves like parallel heat transport channels in which heat is transported along each wall independently.This gives a good explanation of our results and presents the heat conduction mechanisms of MWCNTs.     

Effects of doping, Stone Wales and vacancy defects on thermal conductivity of single-wall carbon nanotubes

The thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes with certain defects (doping, Stone-Wales, and vacancy) is investigated by using the non-equilibrium molecular dynamics method. The defective carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are compared with perfect tubes. The influences of type and concentration of the defect, length, diameter, and chirality of the tube, and the ambient temperature are taken into consideration. It is demonstrated that defects result in a dramatic reduction of thermal conductivity. Doping and Stone-Wales (SW) defects have greater effect on armchair tubes, while vacancy affects the zigzag ones more. Thermal conductivity of the nanotubes increases, reaches a peak, and then decreases with increasing temperature. The temperature at which the thermal conductivity peak occurs is dependent on the defect type. Different from SW or vacancy tubes, doped tubes are similar to the perfect ones with a sharp peak at the same temperature. Thermal conductivity goes up when the tube length grows or diameter declines. It seems that the length of thermal conductivity convergence for SW tubes is much shorter than perfect or vacancy ones. The SW or vacancy tubes are less sensitive to the diameter change, compared with perfect ones.     

碳纳米管和碳化硅纳米管热导率的分子动力学研究

采用Tersoff势测试和研究了反向非平衡分子动力学中的Müller-Plathe法和Jund法在一维纳米管热传导中的应用.在相同的模拟步数中,Müller-Plathe法可以得到很好的结果,热导率在交换频率大于50时对参数的选择并不敏感.然而,Jund法并不能得到良好的线性温度梯度,其热导率在一定程度上依赖于选择的热流大小.在此基础上,运用Müller-Plathe法进一步研究了碳纳米管和碳化硅纳米管的长度、直径和温度对热导率的影响.结果表明,无论是碳纳米管还是碳化硅纳米管,其长度、直径和温度对热导率的影响是一致的.只要长度增加,纳米管的热导率相应增大,但增长速率不断降低.直径对热导率的影响很大程度上还取决于温度,在高温时,直径对热导率几乎没有影响.除此之外,纳米管的热导率随着温度的增加总体上也是不断降低的,但峰值现象的出现还受纳米管长度的影响.     

Molecular dynamics studies on the thermal conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes

We have studied the thermal conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) using the NEMD method. The results indicate that the thermal conductivity values are not profoundly influenced by the specific simulation-technique used in the MD simulations. Some possible reasons, which could be responsible for the discrepancy on thermal conductivity values of SWCNTs in the literatures, are discussed.      

A study on the electrical conductivity of multi-walled carbon nanotube aqueous solution

The electrical conductivity was investigated for multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) dissolved in chloroform and toluene, respectively. The electrical conductivity remarkably increased with increase in the content of MWNTs, which is in accordance with Archie's equation . Furthermore, a hypothesis of the electronic transport process was proposed to explain the difference between the solution and the solid compound. In addition, the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity shows that log σ vs. 1/T exist in a good linear relationship. The activation energy of the electrical conductivity decreased with increase in concentration and an inflexion was observed at 60 °C in MWNT/toluene solution.     

Electronic thermal conductivity of armchair graphene nanoribbons and zigzag carbon nanotubes

Through the Green's function formalism and tight-binding Hamiltonian model calculations, the temperature dependent electronic thermal conductivity (TC) for different diameters of zigzag carbon nanotubes and their corresponding unzipped armchair graphene nanoribbons is calculated. All functional temperature dependencies bear crossovers, for which, at higher temperatures, nanotubes have a slightly higher TC than their derived nanoribbons, while below that crossover, both systems exhibit a significant coincidence over a moderate range of lower temperatures. Noticeably, TC decreases with increasing the width or diameter of the corresponding systems. Also, at low temperatures TC is proportional to the density of states around the Fermi level, and thus increasing for metal or semiconductors of narrower gap cases.     

Coupling analysis of screwing motion of double-walled carbon nanotubes

As the inner tube is excited from a rotation frequency at a separation distance, the inner tube will generate a reciprocating screwing motion. In this work, this coupling effect is investigated theoretically. The van der Waals force between two carbon nanotubes is expressed in a simple form of Fourier series so that the coupled nonlinear differential equations can be quickly solved. The proposed approach is thousands of times faster than the traditional method, which makes it possible to fit the coupling coefficients. As a result, expressions for the coefficients of the coupled equations are given. It is observed that a larger initial rotation frequency excitation will result in a higher dissipation rate of the axial oscillation, and vice versa.     

F掺杂的BN纳米管及电导特性

利用一种新颖的催化生长方法,在生长BN纳米管的过程中直接引入F原子,获得了均匀F掺杂的BN纳米管.高分辨透射电子显微镜研究表明,构成BN纳米管的六元环由于F掺杂而被严重扭曲,纳米管壁由一些高度卷曲的连续片层构成.电学性质测量表明,相对于无掺杂的BN纳米管而言,F掺杂BN纳米管的电导显著增加.