多孔氧化铝膜上自组织生长Sn纳米点阵列的研究

以多孔阳极氧化铝膜(porous anodic alumina, PAA)为基片，采用真空电子束蒸发的方法在多孔氧化铝膜上制备了高度有序度的Sn纳米点阵列.锡纳米点阵的XRD与块体锡的完全相同，扫描电镜(SEM)测试结果表明，所制备的金属Sn纳米点阵与阳极氧化铝膜的多孔阵列具有完全相同的有序结构，阵列中每个Sn纳米粒子的形状为球形的，其直径接近于PAA膜的孔直径.对Sn纳米点阵形成过程和形成机理进行了讨论.     

电子束蒸发法在多孔氧化铝膜上制备银纳米点阵列

采用二步阳极氧化法在草酸溶液中制备了高度有序的多孔阳极氧化铝(Porous Anodic Alumina,PAA)薄膜。以多孔氧化铝薄膜为模板,采用真空电子束蒸发的方法在多孔氧化铝模板上制备出了高度有序的金属银纳米点阵列体系。扫描电镜(SEM)测试结果表明,所制备的金属银纳米点阵列与多孔阳极氧化铝膜的多孔阵列具有完全相同的有序结构,阵列中银纳米颗粒的形状接近球形,其直径大约为70nm,与氧化铝模板的孔径基本一致。研究了高度有序银纳米点阵列的形成过程。     

罗丹明6G在银纳米线阵列上的SERS光谱研究

制备出有序、均匀的活性衬底一直足表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)研究中的关键.阳极氧化法制备的多孔氧化铝膜的结构有序、均匀,为纳米金属SERS基底的制备提供了模板.以沉积了银的多孔氧化铝组装体为衬底,研究了罗丹明6G(Rh6G)分子的表面增强拉曼散射光谱.结果表明,沉积了银的多孔氧化铝模板是很好的SERS衬底,Rh6G分子在此衬底上的SERS谱强度与银纳米线在表面的显露高度有关,而其拉曼频移未受表面状态的影响,而PO43-离子的存在使SERS强度得到很大提高.     

Controllable fabrication of highly ordered thin AAO template on Si substrate for electrodeposition of nanostructures

In this work, simple fabrication of hexagonally highly ordered porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) of Al thin film (1 μm) on Si substrate is described using two-step anodization method for electrochemical synthesis of nanostructures. In this method, the templates were prepared under the controllable conditions of the parameters, which give rise to the possibility of highly ordered nanopore arrays with a well aspect ratio. Pore widening was then fulfilled in 5 wt% phosphoric acid solution at 25 °C. The pore diameter and spacing are proportional to the applied voltage, which is due to the mechanical stress associated with the volume expansion of the aluminum during the anodization according to the mechanical stress model. Pore-widening solution adjusted the pore diameter and thinned the AAO barrier layer at room temperature under the control of etching time. As an application, Cu nanorods arrays embedded in anodic alumina (AAO) template were fabricated by dc electrodeposition. The characterization of the AAO templates and the Cu nanorods produced was made by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and atomic force microscope (AFM). The images of AFM show that porous AAO template under constant voltage is 40 V which presents the optimum ordering.     

Preparation of thin anodic alumina membranes and their utilization for template electrodeposition

A method for the preparation of arrays of anodic aluminium-oxide porous films on a metal frame is proposed. The suggested approach makes it possible to obtain very thin porous-oxide films possessing a high mechanical strength, which are suitable for various practical applications such as templates for the formation of one-dimensional nanostructures or membranes for gas separation and liquid filtration. To demonstrate the possibility of the utilization of thin anodic alumina films as the templates for nanowire formation, cobalt nanowires with 50 nm diameter are prepared using 5 μm thick alumina membranes.     

Carbon nanodot arrays grown as replicas of specially widened anodic aluminum oxide pore arrays

Via a specially widened anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) pore arrays, carbon nanodot arrays with uniform size and high density were obtained through filtered cathodic arc plasma (FCAP) technique. The AAO template was prepared in oxalic acid by multi-steps to get a specially enlarged opening which plays an important role in the deposition of nanodots. The morphology of the nanodots was studied by a field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The diameter of the as-prepared nanodot demonstrated here is about 100 nm at the bottom and less than 40 nm at the top, and the density was estimated to 10¹⁰ cm⁻². Field emission properties of the nanodot arrays were investigated and a low threshold field of 5.1 V/μm at 10 mA/cm² was obtained. In this paper, the carbon nanodot arrays grown as replicas of the specially widened AAO template may support a strategy to realize the fabrication of nanodot arrays with various materials.     

Ease of control and switching between ordered free-standing arrays of ZnO nanotubes and nanorods on conductive transparent substrates

Free-standing arrays of ZnO nanotubes and nanorods have selectively been synthesized on indium tin oxide substrates using a template-based electrodeposition method for the first time. The effect of deposition voltage on the growth pattern of Zn in the alumina template has been investigated, providing a tailored ability to reliably produce either nanotubes or nanorods. An annular tungsten base electrode, derived from the anodization of the alumina template, has been found to be crucial to the growth of nanotubes. This method may be adapted for the fabrication of free-standing arrays of other metal and metal oxide nanotubes and nanorods on conducting substrates.     

Pluronic P123 assisted synthesis of hollow InSn/In2O3 hybrid nanoparticles by solution dispersion

A detailed analysis of the optimum regimes of pulsed current metal electrodeposition into pores of porous anodic alumina PAA is presented. A simple model based on cathodic and anodic current transients is developed. The model is based on a simplified equivalent circuit consisting of two capacities related to the barrier and porous parts of porous anodic alumina. Nanowires of Cd, Zn, In, Ni, Co, Ag, and Cu were embedded into PAA by pulsed electrodeposition using an asymmetric rectangular ac signal. Deposited metal nanowires were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), optical spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD).     

Arrays of ordered Ag nanowires with different diameters in different areas embedded in one piece of anodic alumina membrane

Nanochannel arrays with the same nanochannel density but different nanochannel diameters in different areas in one piece of anodic alumina membrane had been created. SEM observations on one piece of this type of anodic alumina membrane show that the nanochannel diameters radially decrease from 80 nm to 60 nm and to 40 nm along the radial direction. Therefore, using this type of membrane as a template, ordered Ag nanowire arrays with the same nanowire density but with diameters decreasing radially were obtained by electrodeposition. SEM and TEM images taken of different areas of the Ag nanowire arrays show that we can control the growth of aligned Ag nanowires with different diameters in a single process at the same time. Using this type of template in combination with other fabrication techniques, nanometer-scale fibrils, rods, wires, and tubules of metal, semiconductors, carbon, and other materials with same density but different diameters in different areas can be fabricated. The simultaneous integration of ordered nanowire structures with different diameters embedded in a single anodic alumina membrane could be useful in nanodevice manufacture as well as electronics, optoelectronics and magnetics. PACS 81.05.Bx; 82.80.Fk; 85.30.Vw     

多孔阳极氧化铝膜的制备及其在一维纳米材料合成中的应用

从一维纳米材料的研究范畴入手 ,综述了多孔阳极氧化铝膜的结构特征、形成机理以及作为模板在合成纳米导电聚合物、纳米金属、纳米半导体、纳米复合材料及碳纳米管等方面的研究与应用的最新进展 ,揭示了多孔阳极氧化铝模板在合成与组装纳米新材料方面的重要作用 .     

新型氧化铝模板自组装制备非晶碳纳米点阵列膜及其场发射性能研究

通过对阳极氧化铝(AAO)模板进行特殊扩孔处理,消除了AAO模板中带电阴离子对沉积碳离子的不良影响,利用磁过滤阴极弧等离子体沉积技术成功制备了非晶碳纳米尖点阵列膜.场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)分析表明,经过氧化和扩孔多步处理制备的AAO模板具有特殊的开口结构,制备的非晶碳纳米尖点阵列完整地复制了AAO模板的孔道阵列结构,纳米点排列整齐有序,直径约100nm,密度达1010cm-2,样品的场发射测试显示,非晶碳纳米点阵列具有良好的电子发射性能,发射电流为10mA/cm-2时的阈值电场为3.7V/μm.     

Ultrafine Fe-Co nanowires: Fabrication and heat treatment influence on the structure and magnetic properties

Ultrafine nanowires of Fe-Co with a diameter around 15 nm have been fabricated by electrodeposition method using anodic porous alumina as a template. The alloy nanowires were in the form of arrays and consisting of polycrystalline structures. They showed obvious shape anisotropy parallel to the axis of nanowires and the perpendicular coercivity (Hc_⊥) was found to be 2576.8 Oe which is higher than any coercivity value reported in the literature. The effects of critical factors such as heat treatment and temperature of annealing on the structure and magnetic properties of the ultrafine nanowire arrays were studied and discussed.     

含分枝铜纳米线多孔铝膜的偏振特性

利用二次阳极氧化法制备了具有分枝结构的多孔铝(PAA)模板,并以交流电化学沉积的方法在该模板中合成了分枝状的铜纳米线。用SEM观察样品的形貌结构,用分光光度计测量了样品的透射光谱和偏振光谱。实验结果表明,含分枝状铜纳米线结构的多孔铝膜在近红外光区具有较高的透射率,且得到了14～22 dB的消光比。这种微偏振器件制备方法简单、效率高、造价低,在光电集成领域有着广泛的应用前景。     

Template synthesis of Y-junction metal nanowires

Template synthesis of large-scale Y-junction metal nanowires is reported. In this approach, a Y-shaped nanochannel porous anodic alumina (PAA) template is prepared by using a two-step anodization of aluminum in which the metal of interest, such as copper, is electrodeposited to form the Y-junction metal nanowires. The synthesis method presented here is simple and versatile. This method can be extended to the preparation of other Y-junction nanowires with desirable composition and shows great promise for the development of nanoelectronics. Received: 10 September 2001 / Accepted: 20 November 2001 / Published online: 23 January 2002     

Nanoporous alumina membrane prepared by nanoindentation and anodic oxidation

The fabrication of nanopatterned surfaces at large scale attracts the interest of research groups from a wide range of areas as biotechnology, nanoelectronics and nanomagnetism. An extended method to pattern the surface in the nanoscale is the fabrication of ordered arrays of nanoelements based on porous templates as Nanoporous Anodic Aluminium Oxide (NAAO). One of the challenges of the NAAO fabrication, based on self-organized methods, is the control of the symmetry and lattice parameter of the ordered nanoporous films. In this work, we present a combined method based on Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) nanoimprint and anodic oxidation of Al surface. AFM nanoindentations substitute the first anodization process and even more important, allow us to control the symmetry and the lattice parameter of the ordered arrays. In addition, by using AFM nanoimprint method it is possible to select the region were the ordered alumina grows. We demonstrate that square nanoporous arrays of alumina with lattice parameter of 105 nm can be obtained by this method.     

多孔氧化铝薄膜的制备和光学特性研究

采用阳极氧化法制备了二维有序纳米孔氧化铝膜.研究了工艺参数对多孔薄膜有序性、孔径、膜厚度等的影响，测量了多孔氧化铝有序膜的光透过、光吸收和光发射等光学特性.结果表明，在波长360 nm附近多孔氧化铝有序膜的光透过谱线和光吸收谱线发生突变，波长大于360 nm时，光透过增强；波长小于360 nm时，光吸收增强.多孔氧化铝有序膜的光致发光强度和峰位与激发光波长有关，光致发光谱范围在340~600 nm.     

Synthesis of ordered ZnO nanowire arrays from aqueous solution using AAO template

In this paper we report a simple method that enables the easy fabrication of ordered ZnO nanowire arrays using Anodic Aluminium Oxide (AAO) template. We have used a vacuum injection technique to fill solution into the pores of an AAO template. The AAO template has been fabricated by a two-step anodization process using 0.3 M oxalic acid (H₂C₂O₄) solution under a constant voltage of 40 V. The AAO template formed through this process has been detached from Al substrate via an anodic voltage pulse using perchloric acid (HClO₄) solution (70%). The nanowires of ZnO have been synthesized by injecting the saturated Zn(NO₃)₂ solution into the pores of the detached AAO template using a vacuum pump. The ZnO nanowires synthesized by this technique have been found dense & continuous with uniform diameter throughout the length of the wire. The structural characteristics of AAO template and ZnO nanowires have been studied by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Atomic force microscope (AFM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM).     

Direct-soldering 6061 aluminum alloys with ultrasonic coating

In this study, the authors applied furnace soldering with ultrasonic coating method to solder 6061 aluminum alloy and investigated the effects of both coating time and soldering temperature on its properties. The following results were obtained: firstly, the solder region mainly composed of four kinds of microstructure zones: rich Sn zone, rich-Pb zone, Sn–Pb eutectic phase and rich Al zone. Meanwhile, the microanalysis identified a continuous reaction product at the alumina–solder interface as a rich-Pb zone. Therefore, the joint strength changed with soldering time and soldering temperature. Secondly, the tensile data had significantly greater variability, with values ranging from 13.99 MPa to 24.74 MPa. The highest value was obtained for the samples coated with Sn–Pb–Zn alloy for 45 s. Fractures occurred along the solder–alumina interface for the 6061 aluminum alloy with its surface including hybrid tough fracture of dimple and tear ridge. The interface could initially strip at the rich Bi zone with the effect of shear stress.     

Fabrication of self-ordered nanohole arrays on Si by localized anodization and subsequent chemical etching

Nanohole arrays with a 60 nm hole periodicity were fabricated on a Si substrate by the anodization of an aluminum film sputtered on a Si substrate in sulfuric acid and subsequent chemical etching. The transfer of the nanoporous pattern of anodic alumina into the Si substrate was achieved by the selective removal of silicon oxide, which was produced by the anodic oxidation of the underlying Si substrate through the anodic porous alumina used as a mask.     

Electrochemical synthesis of ordered CdTe nanowire arrays

Semiconductor CdTe nanowire arrays embedded in the nanochannels of the porous anodic alumina (PAA) template have been prepared by using a potentiostatic electrochemical deposition method. The morphology and structure of the CdTe nanowire arrays have been characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. It is found that the CdTe nanowires with diameters and lengths of about 60 nm are single-crystalline with cubic phase structure, uniformly and continuously embedded in the nanochannels of the PAA template. X-ray energy-dispersion analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicate that stoichiometric CdTe was formed. The growth mechanism of the CdTe nanowires is also discussed. Received: 11 June 2002 / Accepted: 2 July 2002 / Published online: 8 January 2003 RID="*" ID="*"Corresponding author. Fax: +86-551/559-1434, E-mail: aiwuzhao@yahoo.com.cn