Polychromatic 4-coloring of cubic bipartite plane graphs

It is proved that the vertices of a cubic bipartite plane graph can be colored with four colors such that each face meets all four colors. This is tight, since any such graph contains at least six faces of size four.     

A linear 5-coloring algorithm of planar graphs

A simple linear algorithm is presented for coloring planar graphs with at most five colors. The algorithm employs a recursive reduction of a graph involving the deletion of a vertex of degree 6 or less possibly together with the identification of its several neighbors.     

Acyclic 4-coloring of planar graphs without 4- and 5-cycles

Every planar graph is known to be acyclically 5-colorable (O.V.Borodin, 1976). Some sufficient conditions are also obtained for a planar graph to be acyclically 4- and 3-colorable. In particular, the acyclic 4-colorability was proved for the following planar graphs: without 3- and 4-cycles (O.V.Borodin, A.V. Kostochka, and D.R.Woodall, 1999), without 4-, 5-, and 6-cycles, or without 4-, 5-, and 7-cycles, or without 4-, 5-, and intersecting 3-cycles (M. Montassier, A.Raspaud andW.Wang, 2006), and without 4-, 5-, and 8-cycles (M. Chen and A.Raspaud, 2009). The purpose of this paper is to prove that each planar graph without 4- and 5-cycles is acyclically 4-colorable.     

DP-3-coloring of some planar graphs

In this article, we use a unified approach to prove several classes of planar graphs are DP-3-colorable, which extend the corresponding results on 3-choosability.     

2-Distance 4-coloring of planar subcubic graphs

The trivial lower bound for the 2-distance chromatic number χ ₂(G) of any graph G with maximum degree Δ is Δ+1. It is known that χ ₂ = Δ+1 if the girth g of G is at least 7 and Δ is large enough. There are graphs with arbitrarily large Δ and g ≤ 6 having χ ₂(G) ≥ Δ+2. We prove the 2-distance 4-colorability of planar subcubic graphs with g ≥ 23, which strengthens a similar result by O. V. Borodin, A. O. Ivanova, and T. K. Neustroeva (2004) and Z. Dvořák, R. Škrekovski, and M. Tancer (2008) for g ≥ 24.     

Approximating maximum edge 2-coloring in simple graphs

We present a polynomial-time approximation algorithm for legally coloring as many edges of a given simple graph as possible using two colors. It achieves an approximation ratio of roughly 0.842 and runs in O(n³m) time, where n (respectively, m) is the number of vertices (respectively, edges) in the input graph. The previously best ratio achieved by a polynomial-time approximation algorithm was .     

On the weak 2-coloring number of planar graphs

For a graph $G=(V,E)$, a total ordering L on V, and a vertex $v\in V$, let ${\mathrm{Wcol}}_2[G,L,v]$ be the set of vertices $w\in V$ for which there is a path from v to w whose length is 0, 1 or 2 and whose L-least vertex is w. The weak 2-coloring number ${\mathrm{wcol}}_2(G)$ of G is the least k such that there is a total ordering L on V with $|{\mathrm{Wcol}}_2[G,L,v]|\le k$ for all vertices $v\in V$. We improve the known upper bound on the weak 2-coloring number of planar graphs from 28 to 23. As the weak 2-coloring number is the best known upper bound on the star list chromatic number of planar graphs, this bound is also improved.     

不含4-圈和5-圈的平面图的非正常2-染色的一个新结果

设d_1,d_2,···,d_k是k个非负整数,若图G=(V,E)的顶点集V能被剖分成k个子集V_1,V_2,···,V_k,使得对任意的i=1,···,k,V_i的点导出子图G[Vi]的最大度至多为di,则称图G是(d_1,d_2,···,d_k)-可染的,本文证明了既不含4-圈又不含5-圈的平面图是(9,9)-可染的.     

Girth of sparse graphs

For each fixed k ≥ 0, we give an upper bound for the girth of a graph of order n and size n + k. This bound is likely to be essentially best possible as n → ∞. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 39: 194–200, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jgt.10023     

Bisecting sparse random graphs

Consider partitions of the vertex set of a graph G into two sets with sizes differing by at most 1: the bisection width of G is the minimum over all such partitions of the number of “cross edges” between the parts. We are interested in sparse random graphs G_{n, c/n} with edge probability c/n. We show that, if c>ln 4, then the bisection width is Ω(n) with high probability; while if c<ln 4, then it is equal to 0 with high probability. There are corresponding threshold results for partitioning into any fixed number of parts. ©2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 18, 31–38, 2001     

Globally sparse vertex-ramsey graphs

For graphs G and F we write F → (G)¹_r if every r-coloring of the vertices of F results in a monochromatic copy of G. The global density m(F) of F is the maximum ratio of the number of edges to the number of vertices taken over all subgraphs of F. Let We show that The lower bound is achieved by complete graphs, whereas, for all r ≥ 2 and ? > 0, m_cr(S_k, r) > r - ? for sufficiently large k, where S_k is the star with k arms. In particular, we prove that      

Countable sparse random graphs

For each irrational a, 0<a<1, a particular countable graph G is defined which mirrors the asymptotic behavior of the random graph G(n, p) with edge probability p = n^?a.