咪唑并吡啶类化合物的合成及其应用*

咪唑并吡啶类化合物具有与吲哚、氮杂吲哚等类似的特殊结构和良好的生物活性,在医药和农药工业有着广泛的应用,成为有机化学家和药物化学家的研究热点。咪唑并吡啶类化合物主要有咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶、咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶、咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶和咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶等4个类型。本文阐述了近年来咪唑并吡啶类化合物的合成研究进展和应用情况,主要介绍了咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶和咪唑并[4,5-c]吡啶这两类化合物的合成方法和在医药及农药领域的应用。     

咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶C-3位C—H官能团化研究进展

3-取代咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶类化合物是一类重要的含氮稠环化合物,在医药、材料等领域具有广泛的应用价值.C-3位C—H官能团化是构建3-取代咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶类化合物的简单有效方法.按咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶C-3位的成键类型(C—C、C—S/Se、C—N/P)进行分类,主要介绍了近几年来咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶等氮杂稠环化合物C-3位C—H官能团化反应进展,并对今后发展作出了展望.     

可见光催化和电化学合成在咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶3位碳-杂键构建中的应用

咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶是一类独特的含氮化合物,该类衍生物在农药、生物医药和光电材料等领域具有重要作用.近年来,合成功能性的咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶已经成为有机化学家和药物化学家研究的热点,并且取得了巨大进展.其中,基于绿色化学导向的可见光催化和电催化合成官能化的咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶,已经成为合成该类化合物的强有力...     

在含水介质中钯高效催化咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶类化合物与芳基氯代物的碳氢芳基化反应（英文）

3-芳基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶骨架广泛存在于药物结构中,在药物学方面具有重要的地位及在材料化学、有机化学等方面也具有潜在的应用价值.在含水介质中,利用醋酸钯催化咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶及其衍生物与芳基/杂芳基氯代物的碳氢芳基化反应,简便、高效地合成系列3-芳基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶类化合物,并以较好至优秀的收率获得芳基化产品.该方法采用廉价易得的芳基/杂芳基氯代物和咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶类化合物为偶联反应的底物,且底物的范围能够拓展至缺电子、富电子的芳基氯代物和杂芳基氯代物及多种基团取代的咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶类化合物.     

一个实用的碘催化的串联过程：利用醛来合成咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶类化合物

咪唑并吡啶[1,5-a]类化合物是一类具有环合氮类的杂环化合物,在自然界中并不广存在. 但是近些年来的研究发现,这类杂环包括它的衍生物广泛地应用于光学材料和生物医药领域中. 我们选用吡啶苄胺和芳香醛作为反应底物,在碘和过氧叔丁醇催化下,反应能够得到咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶类衍生物,而且我们研究当使用吡啶苄胺α位有取代基的底物时,也能够得到相应的目标产物. 因此,利用这种方法我们能同时制备得到 3-芳基化的咪唑并吡啶[1,5-a]类化合物和1,3-二芳基化的咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶类化合物. 而且,该发展起来的方法具有操作简单,条件温和等特点.     

吡咯并[1,2-a]喹喔啉类化合物合成研究进展

吡咯并[1,2-a]喹喔啉类化合物是广泛存在于天然产物和生物活性分子中一类重要的含氮杂环化合物.因而,吡咯并[1,2-a]喹喔啉骨架,特别是取代的吡咯并[1,2-a]喹喔啉的合成具有重要理论和实际意义.较全面总结近几十年里吡咯并[1,2-a]喹喔啉和4,5-二氢吡咯并[1,2-a]喹喔啉类化合物的合成研究进展,对该领域所存在的问题和局限性进行了总结并对今后的发展作出展望.     

咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶化合物绿色合成的研究进展

咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶化合物是由五元和六元稠和的氮杂环化合物,在多种天然产物中被发现,表现出广泛的药理学活性,具有重要的研究意义和广阔的医药应用前景,因此有关于此类化合物的多样性的合成策略被不断报道.近年来,绿色化学是当代化学的热门方向之一,科学家们对绿色合成越来越重视,不断开发出各种绿色合成方案,其中一锅"多组分"反应、微波反应和固相合成这几种绿色、高效的合成方法一直是研究热点,就从这三类绿色合成的方法对咪唑[1,2-a]吡啶类化合物近几年绿色合成的研究进展加以概括总结.     

有机光催化在构建咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶3-位C—C键中的研究

在含氮有机化合物中,咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶广泛应用于光学、材料科学和有机金属学等领域中。此外,这种结构还具有抗病毒、抗菌、杀菌和抗炎等多种生物活性。通过有机光催化咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶3-位C-H键官能化构建C-C键的方法,因条件温和、对环境绿色友好等优点,已经成为合成官能化有机分子的有力策略。综述了自2016年来,有机光催化咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶3-位C-H键官能化为C-C键的相关研究。      

咪唑[1,5-a]吡啶鎓盐的合成、表征及生物活性测定

通过三组份串联反应合成一系列咪唑[1,5-a]吡啶鎓盐,利用1H NMR、13C NMR、MS以及X射线单晶衍射确定其结构,其中以二乙烯三胺与三乙烯四胺为原料获得预期外的结构。以青霉素作为对照,研究了化合物的抗菌性。结果表明,所合成的化合物对溶壁微球菌和乙型链球菌均有抗菌效果,化合物2的抗菌效果最好;含有杂原子O的化合物3对嗜麦芽单胞菌和肺炎克雷伯氏菌的抗菌能力优于青霉素;联苯桥联的刚性双齿咪唑[1,5-a]吡啶鎓(5)比乙基桥联的柔性双齿咪唑[1,5-a]吡啶鎓(4)的抗菌性更强;化合物6为单齿大π体系芳香环,其抗菌效果较好,而化合物7和8为双齿的大π体系芳香环,其抗菌效果较弱。     

LED光诱导下咪唑并吡啶氰甲基化反应用于本科实验教学的探索

可见光催化的有机反应具有高效、条件温和、操作简单、催化剂用量少等优点,近年来受到广泛关注。以咪唑[1,2-a]吡啶杂环为骨架的化合物表现出丰富多样的生物活性,如抗炎、抗病毒活性、抗原生虫药、细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂等。3-氰甲基-2-苯基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶是合成具有抗抑郁作用的药物唑吡坦的关键中间体。我们在前期的研究工作中,以2-苯基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶和溴乙腈为原料,通过可见光诱导,在光催化剂fac-Ir(ppy)3的作用下,合成了3-氰甲基-2-苯基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶。本文以此反应为基础,通过将可见光催化这一新型的方法运用于本科实验教学,拓宽本科生的视野,增加其对有机化学实验的兴趣,并掌握微量化学实验的基本操作和相关仪器的使用方法。本设计实验使用LED灯作为光源,避免了剧毒试剂的使用,符合绿色化学理念,具备制备方法简单、生产成本低、产物收率高、重复性良好等优点。     

Preparation of new nitrogen-bridged heterocycles 72. A new approach to 1-acyl-3-(substituted methylthio)thieno[3',4':4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives. [corrected

The alkaline treatment of the pyridinium salts, readily available from the S-alkylations of 3-amino-4-(1-pyridinio)thiophene-5-thiolates with various alkyl halides, in chloroform at room temperature afforded the corresponding thieno[3',4':4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives in low to moderate yields via the intramolecular cyclization of the resulting 1,5-dipoles followed by the aromatization of the primary cycloadducts. Interestingly, the reactions using unsymmetrical 3-amino-4-[1-(3-methylpyridinio)]thiophene-5-thiolates afforded only 8-methylthieno[3',4':4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and the other 6-methyl derivatives were not formed at all. In addition the isolation of a byproduct in the condensation reaction of pyridinium salt with the solvent (CHCl?) is also discussed.     

Thionation of imidazopyridines

Direct thionation of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines and imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines results in the formation of their 2-thioxo derivatives, usually in high yield. The thione structure of the imidazopyridines obtained has been confirmed from their IR spectra in the solid state and in solution. The general nature of the thionation of imidazole, benzimidazole, imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine, and purine has been noted as one of the distinctive chemical properties of compounds in this series of nitrogen heterocycles.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 799–804, June, 1988.     

Synthesis of Some New Imidazo[4,5-B]Pyridine Derivatives Using 2-Cyanomethyl-1-Methyl-1H-Imidazo[4,5-B]Pyridine

Abstract

The reactions of 2-cyanomethyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine with isothiocyanates, nitroso compounds, acid chlorides, and thioglycolic acid were investigated. New imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine derivatives with various substituents in 2-position and derivatives of the new pyrrolo[2′,1′:2,3]imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine ring system were synthesized. The compounds obtained were tested in vitro for their tuberculostatic activity.     

Direct hydroxylation of N-substituted [4,5-b]pyridines and imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines

It is shown that when N-methyl (or benzyl) derivatives of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine and N-methyl-substituted derivatives of imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine are heated with alkalis, the imidazole ring is always hydroxylated to give the corresponding 2-imidazolones.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 9, pp. 1252–1254, September, 1976.     

Solid-phase synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine using sodium benzenesulfinate as a traceless linker

[formula: see text] The preparation of the first library of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives on a solid support is described. A sulfone linker strategy was applied in the synthesis. Key steps involved in the solid-phase synthetic procedure include (i) alpha-haloketone resin formation by sulfinate-->sulfone alkylation, (ii) imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ring formation by treatment with 2-aminopyridine, (iii) sulfone anion alkylation, and (iv) traceless product release by oxidation-elimination. A library of 12 imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines was synthesized.     

Research on imidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazole derivatives XII. 3-Acyl-substituted imidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazoles

Stable 3-acetyl derivatives of imidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazole were synthesized by the action of acetic anhydride on 2,9-disubstituted imidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazole. The former were also obtained by cyclization of 1-alkyl (aralkyl) -3-acylmethyl-2-iminobenzimidazoline hydrobromides in acetic anhydride in the presence of anhydrous sodium acetate. 3-Benzoyl-substituted imidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazoles, which are unstable in acidic media, were synthesized by the action of benzoyl chloride in the presence of pyridine or excess starting imidazo [1,2-a] benzimidazole.See [1] for communication XI.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 121– 125, January, 1976.     

Efficient solid-phase synthesis of a library of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamides

A versatile method for the solid-phase synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-based derivatives, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxamides, has been developed. They were obtained by treatment of the amino group of the polymer-bound 2-aminonicotinate with different alpha-haloketones, followed by halogenation at the 3-position of the polymer-bound imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine. The derived polymer-bound imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines 5, 6, and 7 were finally cleaved from the solid-support with an excess of primary or secondary amines. The final crude products were purified from excess amines by solid-supported liquid-liquid extraction (SLE).     

Anomeric Stereoauxiliary Cleavage of the C−N Bond of d-Glucosamine for the Preparation of Imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines

The targeted cleavage of the C−N bonds of alkyl primary amines in sustainable compounds of biomass according to a metal-free pathway and the conjunction of nitrogen in the synthesis of imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines are still highly challenging. Despite tremendous progress in the synthesis of imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines over the past decade, many of them can still not be efficiently prepared. Herein, we report an anomeric stereoauxiliary approach for the synthesis of a wide range of imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines after cleaving the C−N bond of d -glucosamine (α-2° amine) from biobased resources. This new approach expands the scope of readily accessible imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines relative to existing state-of-the-art methods. A key strategic advantage of this approach is that the α-anomer of d -glucosamine enables C−N bond cleavage via a seven-membered ring transition state. By using this novel method, a series of imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine derivatives (>80 examples) was synthesized from pyridine ketones (including para-dipyridine ketone) and aldehydes (including para-dialdehyde). Imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine derivatives containing diverse important deuterated C(sp²)−H and C(sp³)−H bonds were also efficiently achieved.     

Studies of imidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazole derivatives. 21. Synthesis of haloketones in the imidazo[1,2-a] benzimidazole series

Methods for the synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazole haloketone derivatives have been investigated. It has been found that -bromoketone derivatives of this heterocycle can be prepared either by bromination of 3-acylimidazo[1,2-a]benz-imidazoles with bromine in glacial acetic acid or by acylation of 3-unsubstituted imidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazoles with haloanhydride derivatives of -bromoalkanoic acids. Treatment of imidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazoles with 3-chloropropionyl chloride results in the formation of imidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyl-3-propionyl chloride and bis(imidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazolyl)propan-3-one derivatives as side products. Reaction of 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazoles with 3-bromopropionic acid in polyphosphoric acid gives benzocyclohepten[5,6:4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazole derivatives.For Communication 20, see [1].Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 339–345, March, 1986.