电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定植物中钾、钠、钙和镁

采用硝酸–高氯酸湿法消解或硝酸–双氧水微波消解植物样品,以电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定样品溶液中钾、钠、钙和镁含量。用该法测定灌木枝叶和茶叶标准样品,测定值均在标准值范围内,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.45%~4.05%(n=8)。钾、钠、钙、镁的加标回收率分别为94.4%~107.6%,92.6%~107.9%,93.7%~105.4%,92.9%~107.2%。该方法操作简便,测量精密度和准确度完全满足植物中钾、钠、钙和镁含量的测定要求。     

微波消解样品-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定镍精矿中10种金属元素

采用微波消解样品-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定镍精矿样品中铝、钙、钴、铬、铜、锰、镁、镍、铅、锌等10种金属元素的含量。0.200 0g试样置于消解罐中,先后加入盐酸2mL、硝酸6mL及氢氟酸1mL,密闭罐盖按设定的微波消解程序进行消解。试验选择铝、钙、钴、铬、铜、镁、锰、铅、锌和镍的分析线分别为308.215,317.933,228.616,267.716,324.745,279.079,257.610,220.353,206.200,231.604nm,配制工作曲线时采用基体匹配的方法消除基体干扰。方法用于镍钴矿标准样品(GBW 07283)和镍精矿实际样品的分析,此方法的测定值与认定值及国标方法的测定值相一致。方法的回收率在95.8%～103.1%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于4.5%。     

微波消解–电感耦合等离子发射光谱法测定芦笋中9种元素

建立微波消解–电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定芦笋中硒、铁、锰、铜、锌、钙、钠、钾、镁9种元素。将新鲜芦笋置于烘箱中烘干,碾磨成粉末,称取0.50 g芦笋粉末置于聚四氟乙烯消解管中,以HNO₃–水溶液(体积比为2∶1)为酸性消解液,用微波法消解,样品溶液用ICP–OES仪外标法定量测定。9种元素分析谱线为硒196.023 nm,铁259.940 nm,锰257.610 nm,铜324.754 nm,锌213.857 nm,钙317.933 nm,钠589.592 nm,钾766.491 nm,镁285.213 nm。各元素的质量浓度在1～200 μg/mL范围内与其响应值具有良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均不小于0.999 6,检出限为0.004～0.035 μg/g。测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.02%～5.71%(n=6),样品加标回收率为97.8%～105.0%。用该法测定国家蔬菜标准物质,测定值与标准值相吻合。该法适用于批量芦笋中营养元素的快速分析。     

微波消解—电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定天然微晶石墨中铝铁钙镁钠钛钾

针对传统微波消解法存在的消解温度过高、样品消解不完全等问题,实验在常规微波消解温度下,从提高体系的氧化性入手,对消解方法进行改进。探讨了消解体系、消解温度、升温时间,并对消解机理进行了分析。结果表明,以2mL硝酸—5mL硫酸—1 mL高氯酸—1 mL氢氟酸为消解体系、升温时间为25 min、消解温度为200 ℃时,能实现样品的完全消解。消解后的溶液经赶酸处理,盐类析出,为了使盐类复溶,比较了硝酸、盐酸、王水的复溶效果,选定盐酸为复溶酸。对分析谱线进行了优化,确定的各成分分析谱线为铝308.2 nm、铁259.9{129} nm、钙317.933 nm、镁280.2 nm、钠589.5 nm、钛336.1 nm、钾766.4 nm。基于以上研究,建立了微波消解—电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定微晶石墨中铝铁钙镁钠钛钾的分析方法。结果表明,标准曲线的线性良好,相关系数不小于0.9994,方法检出限在0.00003%～0.0007%之间。用标准物质GBW03120验证了方法的正确度,结果满意。将方法应用于实际样品分析,测定结果的相对标准偏差（n=8）为0.72%～3.5%,加标回收率在98.2%～104.1%之间,均满足GB/T 27417—2017的要求。建立的方法能在常规微波消解温度下完全消解样品,适用于微晶石墨中主量金属元素的测定。     

超声/消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定烟丝、卷烟纸及香精中钾钠钙镁元素含量

采用超声提取法处理卷烟纸样品,微波消解法处理烟丝及香精样品,电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定样品中钾、钠、钙和镁元素含量,控制卷烟产品质量稳定性。钾、钠、钙和镁的检出限分别为3.00、0.59、4.53、0.62μg/L,加标回收率为88.4%~112.0%。采用该方法对不同批次的烟丝样品、卷烟纸样品及香精样品中钾、钠、钙、镁元素含量进行了测定,考察了批次间的稳定性,并对同一规格不同厂家生产的卷烟纸中元素含量进行了对比分析。     

通讯作者：于冀芳,石家庄市鹿泉区上庄大街河北省质检中心,050000, 18032188277,

采用微波消解技术对工业锅炉用水进行前处理,建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定工业锅炉用水中钙、镁、铁、铜含量的分析方法。分别对样品的微波消解温度和保持时间进行讨论,优化了微波消解前处理技术。结果表明：给水在消解温度为170 ℃,保持时间为10 min条件下,回水在消解温度为180 ℃,保持时间为12 min条件下,锅炉水在消解温度为185 ℃,保持时间为15 min条件下,微波消解最理想。应用本方法对锅炉用水中钙、镁、铁、铜进行测定,线性范围均为0～2.0 mg/L,检出限分别为0.002 mg/L、0.002 mg/L、0.003 mg/L、0.004 mg/L,回收率为95%～103%,相对标准偏差RSD(n=7)均小于9.32%,与原子吸收法(AAS)进行比较,测定结果基本一致。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定聚氯乙烯热稳定剂中的金属元素

应用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定了聚氯乙烯热稳定剂中铅、镉、钡、钙、锌、镁、锡、锑、镧、铈、镨及钕等元素.对分析线选择、消解方法的选择、介质的影响等进行了试验.与碳化一混合酸消解法相比较,高压罐消解法处理样品所得结果的精密度更好.选择波长为220.353,214.438,233.527,393.366,213.856,279.553, 242.949,206.833,408.672,418.660,417.939及401.225 nm等12条谱线依次作为测定铅、镉、钡、钙、锌、镁、镧、铈、镨和钕的分析线,测得12种元素的检出限(3s)均低于0.02 mg·L-1.应用此法测定了聚氯乙烯热稳定剂中12种金属元素的含量,回收率在95.0%～112.0%之间.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定枸杞中11种元素含量

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定了枸杞中锌、铅、锰、铁、铬、镁、钙、铜、钠、钾和镉11种元素含量。选择硝酸(2+98)溶液作为介质,选择波长为213.86,220.35,257.61,259.94,267.72,279.08,324.75,317.93,589.59,766.49,226.50 nm 11条谱线依次作为测定锌、铅、锰、铁、铬、镁、钙、铜、钠、钾和镉的分析线,测得11种元素的检出限(3δ)均低于0.07 mg·L~(-1),相对标准偏差(n=11)在0.72%～2.40%之间。比较了常规湿法消化法、高压消化罐法和微波消解法处理样品对测定结果的影响。研究表明,高压消化罐法和微波消解处理样品精密度好。     

近红外光谱法测定卷烟纸中钙和镁

应用傅里叶变换近红外(FT-NIR)光谱分析技术结合偏最小二乘法(PLS),建立了卷烟纸中钙和镁含量的数学预测模型。结果表明:钙和镁模型的相关系数分别为0.9870和0.9851,内部交叉验证均方差为0.462和0.0082,近红外光谱法预测值与原子吸收光谱法测定值的平均相对偏差各为3.1%和7.4%。该方法简便、快速、不破坏样品,可用于大批量卷烟纸样品中钙和镁的快速测定。     

微波消解试样-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定蛋白粉中铜和钙

蛋白粉试样经硝酸于高温(180℃)高压(3.0MPa)下微波密闭消解,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了蛋白粉中铜和钙的含量。对仪器工作条件作了详述,选择波长为324.75,422.7nm谱线依次作为测定铜和钙的分析线。试样结果表明:与干灰化法相比较,微波消解法处理样品所得结果的准确度和精密度更好。应用此法测定了蛋白粉中铜和钙的含量,铜和钙的标准加入回收率分别为100.5%和99.4%,相对标准偏差(n=7)均小于1.0%。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.