北京散裂中子源RCS注入系统物理设计和研究

北京散裂中子源(BSNS)的主加速器——快循环同步加速器(RCS)采用H^－剥离注入方法, 将从直线加速器预加速的束流进行累积和进一步加速. 束流损失率的控制是该类高功率质子加速器所面临的关键问题之一, 而束流损失中很重要的部分是由空间电荷效应造成的. 为了减小该类束流损失, 注入系统设计中利用H^－剥离注入和相空间涂抹方法将直线加速器预加速的发射度较小的束流尽可能均匀地涂抹到较大的横向相空间中. 与其他的类似加速器相比, RCS注入系统将所有注入元件放在一个长为9m的无色散漂移节中以充分节省RCS环的纵向空间, 并使对注入系统的操作与对RCS主体的操作完全独立. 对于RCS累积的粒子数1.9×10¹³, 空间电荷效应对粒子的运动有非常重要的作用, 本文介绍了采用ORBIT程序进行三维模拟计算并进行设计优化的结果. 还介绍了系统设计时需要考虑的其他重要因素, 如质子穿越、电子收集等.     

改进Q2–重标度模型与部分子分布函数的核效应

针对原有的Q²-重标度模型中存在的问题,提出了改进的Q²-重标度模型,利用核动量守恒条件,采取对价夸克、海夸克、胶子进行不同的Q²-重标度来描述束缚核子内部分子动量分布. 利用改进的Q²-重标度模型所得到的束缚核子内部分子分布函数,对轻子-核深度非弹性散射过程,核Drell-Yan过程及J/ψ光生过程均给出较满意的解释.     

晶体光输出非均匀性的测量和研究

利用²²Na放射源和符合测量方法实现了对钨酸铅晶体的光输出纵向非均匀性的精细测量.研究了改变晶体表面粗糙度对光输出非均匀性的影响.     

Beam-loss driven injection optimization for CSNS/RCS

This paper summarizes the painting injection optimization for the Chinese Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) ring. This optimization focuses on two main design goals: the lower beam loss and a space-charge tune shift low enough to avoid strong resonances. Finally, the 3-D particle tracking is performed and we get some important results about the beam properties and beam loss.     

Beam-loss driven injection optimization for CSNS/RCS

This paper summarizes the painting injection optimization for the Chinese Spallation Neutron Source （CSNS） ring. This optimization focuses on two main design goals： the lower beam loss and a spacecharge tune shift low enough to avoid strong resonances. Finally, the 3-D particle tracking is performed and we get some important results about the beam properties and beam loss.     

CSNS RCS注入涂抹凸轨磁铁脉冲电源设计

中国散裂中子源(CSNS)快循环同步加速器(RCS)是一台高束流功率质子加速器, RCS注入系统是将直线加速器预加速的负氢离子束流通过剥离的方式注入到RCS环中, 注入系统采用凸轨方案和相空间涂抹技术并要求涂抹凸轨磁铁脉冲电源输出脉冲电流的下降沿能够被程序控制, 电源采用IGBT功率放大的方式产生脉冲电流, 用程序控制电源的给定波形, 通过电源反馈控制系统, 使电源的输出波形跟随电源的给定波形, 达到控制电源输出脉冲电流下降沿的目的. 电源输出脉冲电流的跟踪误差是涂抹凸轨磁铁脉冲电源的重要指标, 为了满足跟踪误差小于2%的指标, 要求IGBT拓扑频率大于400kHz. IGBT拓扑采用IGBTH桥串并联错相工作的方式达到分压、分流和提高频率的作用. 高功率、高频率、快速的响应时间和最佳的反馈控制策略是涂抹凸轨磁铁脉冲电源具有良好性能的关键.     

CSNS RCS注入涂抹凸轨磁铁脉冲电源设计

中国散裂中子源(CSNS)快循环同步加速器(RCS)是一台高束流功率质子加速器,RCS注入系统是将直线加速器预加速的负氢离子束流通过剥离的方式注入到RCS环中,注入系统采用凸轨方案和相空间涂抹技术并要求涂抹凸轨磁铁脉冲电源输出脉冲电流的下降沿能够被程序控制,电源采用IGBT.功率放大的方式产生脉冲电流,用程序控制电源的给定波形,通过电源反馈控制系统,使电源的输出波形跟随电源的给定波形,达到控制电源输出脉冲电流下降沿的目的.电源输出脉冲电流的跟踪误差是涂抹凸轨磁铁脉冲电源的重要指标,为了满足跟踪误差小于2%的指标,要求IGBT、拓扑频率大干400kHz.IGBT拓扑采用IGBT H桥串并联错相工作的方式达到分压、分流和提高频率的作用.高功率、高频率、快速的响应时间和最佳的反馈控制策略是涂抹凸轨磁铁脉冲电源具有良好性能的关键.     

Study on space charge effects of the CSNS/RCS

The Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) is a key component of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). The space charge effect is one of the most important issues in the CSNS/RCS, which limits the maximum beam intensity, as well as the maximum beam power. Space charge effects are the main source of emittance growth and beam loss in the RCS. Space charge effects have been studied by simulation for the CSNS/RCS. By optimizing the painting orbit, the optimized painting distribution was obtained. The space charge effects during the acceleration are studied and dangerous resonances, which may induce emittance growth and beam loss, are investigated. The results are an important reference for the design and commissioning of the CSNS/RCS.     

基于CT算法的束团横向相空间测量

精确测量束团的发射度和横向相空间, 在高亮度电子束的产生和应用中具有重要意义. 传统测量方法在测量发射度时需要对束团在相空间内分布进行初始假设, 且只能给出相椭圆的twiss参数;基于CT(computerized tomography)算法的束团横向相空间测量方法无需先验假设, 能给出粒子在相空间内的真实分布, 测量结果更为精确. 介绍了基于CT算法的束团横向相空间测量的原理和初步实验结果, 并与四极透镜扫描法测量的结果进行了比较.     

HIAF-BRing的双向涂抹注入模拟

BRing是HIAF工程的主加速器,其设计流强为每个脉冲内的粒子数1×1011个（238U34+）,为了达到此设计流强,注入增益应达到88倍以上。BRing采用了双向涂抹注入方案,其满足BRing的注入增益要求,同时具有注入时间短和累计束分布较均匀而减小了空间电荷效应的特点。双向涂抹注入方案利用水平和垂直两组凸轨磁铁以及倾斜的静电偏转板,在水平相空间和垂直相空间内同时进行涂抹。为了检验双向涂抹注入方案能否达到BRing的设计要求,利用ORBIT程序对双向涂抹注入过程进行了模拟,模拟结果显示,在单次双向涂抹注入113圈的情况下,注入效率为97.7%,注入增益达到110.3倍,满足了BRing流强要求。累积束的分布相对均匀,空间电荷效应引起的工作点漂移约为-0.02,粒子因共振损失风险很小。针对注入束流偏角、切割板角度、工作点偏差和Bump延时等不同注入参数进行了误差分析,结果显示BRing的双向涂抹注入效率对注入参数偏差的容忍度较高。BRing is the main accelerator of High Intensity heavy Ion Accelerator Facility(HIAF) and its design current is 1×1011 particles per pulse (238U34+). To accumulate beams up to the design current, the injection gain has to reach 88. Two planes painting injection scheme is proposed for BRing. This scheme uses a tilted electrostatic septum and 8 bump magnets to paint beams into horizontal and vertical phase space simultaneously. It can inject enough beams into the ring in a short time and paint beams uniformly. The injection process is simulated using ORBIT code and 113 turns is injected into BRing with an injection efficiency of 97.7% which meets the requirement for beam current of BRing. The accumulated beams are distributed uniformly in transverse and hence have a little tune shift of -0.02 which reduces the risk of beam loss due to the resonance. Errors of injection parameters are analysed and the result shows two planes painting injection scheme has a high tolerance for errors of injection parameters.     

The Phase Space Model of Nonrelativistic Quantum Mechanics

We focus on several questions arising during the modelling of quantum systems on a phase space. First, we discuss the choice of phase space and its structure. We include an interesting case of discrete phase space. Then, we introduce the respective algebras of functions containing quantum observables. We also consider the possibility of performing strict calculations and indicate cases where only formal considerations can be performed. We analyse alternative realisations of strict and formal calculi, which are determined by different kernels. Finally, two classes of Wigner functions as representations of states are investigated.     

CSNS/RCS引出系统快脉冲冲击磁铁的磁场仿真和结构设计

中国散裂中子源快循环同步加速器引出系统快脉冲冲击磁铁,由分组安装于三个真空箱内的8台磁铁组成。对冲击磁铁进行磁场仿真和结构设计,并使用仿真软件进行优化。仿真结果表明:磁铁中心场60%宽度内的磁场均匀性达到0.7%,满足物理设计要求。同时,对两台磁铁间距大小与互感的关系进行模拟计算和分析。磁铁结构设计中,针对原样机中出现的铁芯不能可靠固定问题,进行修改和完善,并且设计出了一种简单实用的多螺栓滑动支撑结构,可使多台磁铁平稳推入真空箱内,同时完成多台磁铁的准直和固定。