目标振动微多普勒效应教学实验的设计

设计了悬臂梁振动引起的微多普勒频移实验系统.采用10.525GHz的X波段雷达模块发射和接收电磁波,采用AD620放大雷达回波毫伏级信号,采用NI-6009数据采集模块与LabVIEW软件对回波信号采集、滤波、加窗和频谱分析,采用压电传感器验证雷达测频结果.实验结果表明:悬臂梁的有阻尼自由振荡对雷达波产生频率调制作用,其微多普勒频谱图由相邻间距为固有频率的谱线对构成.     

基于ZoomFFT的反多普勒频移算法在水声通信中的应用

提出了一种解决水声通信信号多普勒失配问题的方法——基于ZoomFFT的反多普勒频移算法。利用该方法能修正信号的多普勒失配,降低误码率。数值仿真和海上实验数据处理结果表明,该方法与常规滑动相关方法相比,计算速度快了2个数量级,计算所需的存储量减小了4个数量级,解决了水声信号移动通信过程中多普勒频移补偿问题。研究结果表明该方法可用于实际水下移动通信。     

基于稀疏分解的轨道移频信号去噪算法研究

随着我国铁路的高速发展,轨道移频信号的检测译码技术受到广泛关注;然而实际采集的轨道移频信号不可避免地会混入大量的背景噪声和干扰,因此译码前需要去噪以提高译码的准确性;提出一种基于稀疏分解的轨道移频信号去噪算法,利用移频信号特点构建过完备原子库,采用粗细二阶段匹配追踪算法实现移频信号的噪声去除;将文章算法应用到主流的ZPW-2000轨道移频信号中,结果表明,该算法具有比小波阈值、经验模式分解算法更好的去噪性能,能够有效地去除低信噪比移频信号的噪声,且去噪后译码信噪比可提高10 dB,另外,采用粗细二阶段原子搜索算法显著降低了匹配追踪的运算量,满足实时性要求。     

相位调制激光多普勒频移测量方法的改进

本文对现有相位调制激光多普勒频移测量方法进行了改进,通过定义新的鉴频参量来同时利用相位调制信号直流和交流分量中的有用信息进行多普勒频移测量.由于相位调制信号直流分量中包含着调制信号光的Fabry-Perot干涉仪光强透过率,所以这一改进本质上是将基于Fabry-Perot干涉仪的边缘技术激光多普勒频移测量方法的优势引入到相位调制测量方法中,以提高其自身的性能.理论上证明改进后的相位调制激光多普勒频移测量方法无需对信号光的光强进行测量,所以可以进一步简化探测系统的结构和较少噪声混入的通道.另外,通过对改进前后鉴频和测量灵敏度曲线进行对比,还证明了其具有更高的测量灵敏度和动态范围.实验上对硬目标反射的频移可控信号光进行测量,不但证明了理论的正确性,而且证明了改进后的相位调制激光多普勒频移测量方法,测量动态范围提高约1倍,测量标准偏差降低约35%.     

相干多普勒测风激光雷达低信噪比区域回波信号的估计方法

相干多普勒测风激光雷达通常会采用周期图最大值法（PM）提取不同距离门信号的多普勒频移（对应风速）信息。由于噪声和相干效率的影响,个别距离门信号会出现信噪比（SNR）突然降低的情况,从而导致系统的探测概率降低,影响系统整体的探测性能。为了解决个别距离门信号多普勒频移的错误估计问题,提出了一种新的非线性自适应多普勒频移估计方法。该方法利用风速的连续性,标定错误距离门,并自适应地利用强信噪比区域的多普勒频移统计数据来弥补信噪比变差而出现的估计错误。分别利用了仿真模型和一套1.54μm全光纤相干激光雷达系统获得了风场测量数据,对比了使用该技术前后反演得到的风速趋势,证明该方法能够有效地解决上述问题。     

海面微波散射场多普勒谱特性研究

基于粗糙面电磁散射双尺度模型推导给出了海面微波散射场多普勒谱频移和谱宽的理论公式, 在该理论公式的推导过程中同时考虑了大尺度海浪的倾斜调制、遮蔽效应和曲率修正效应等因素的影响. 文中将理论公式计算结果与精确数值结果进行了比较, 并讨论了倾斜调制、遮蔽效应及曲率修正效应等因素对多普勒频移和谱宽的影响, 发现倾斜调制使水平极化散射回波多普勒频移显著增大, 从而导致水平极化回波多普勒频移比垂直极化回波多普勒频移大; 在中等入射角度区域, 遮蔽效应和曲率修正效应对多普勒谱并无显著影响, 而在掠射条件下, 遮蔽效应使得多普勒频移增大、谱宽变窄. 本研究对深入理解动态海面散射场频谱特性具有一定参考意义.     

多普勒频移环境中水声通信伪随机码快速捕获方法

伪随机码应用于水声通信时，需解决接收信号在多普勒频移情况下的快速捕获问题。本文在全数字通讯系统的框架内，提出了基带信号相关检测的数字下移频算法，显著减小了计算量，并针对数字处理的灵活性，提出了多普勒频移的概率搜索策略，根据多普勒频移的分布概率来对其进行搜索，进一步减小多普勒频移搜索的计算量。     

基于双声光移频器的外差式激光多普勒测振计

分析了单声光移频器构成的外差式激光多普勒测振计中声光移频器驱动信号的频率稳定性和信号功率对待测振动信号的影响.为了降低声光移频器驱动信号频率漂移的影响,提出双声光移频器构成的外差式激光多普勒测振计,并基于直接数字频率合成技术,以相位噪音低、初始相位可控的芯片AD9912为核心器件,完成了声光移频器驱动信号生成及处理模块的设计.开展了双声光移频器组成的外差式激光多普勒测振计的振动测量实验,结果表明,驱动信号生成装置可以驱动声光移频器正常工作,且测振计的本底噪音在0~10kHz频带范围内呈现平坦分布,0~1kHz频段内噪音得到明显抑制,较单声光移频器构成的外差式激光多普勒测振计有显著改善.     

基于双声光移频器的外差式激光多普勒测振计

分析了单声光移频器构成的外差式激光多普勒测振计中声光移频器驱动信号的频率稳定性和信号功率对待测振动信号的影响.为了降低声光移频器驱动信号频率漂移的影响,提出双声光移频器构成的外差式激光多普勒测振计,并基于直接数字频率合成技术,以相位噪音低、初始相位可控的芯片AD9912为核心器件,完成了声光移频器驱动信号生成及处理模块的设计.开展了双声光移频器组成的外差式激光多普勒测振计的振动测量实验,结果表明,驱动信号生成装置可以驱动声光移频器正常工作,且测振计的本底噪音在0～10kHz频带范围内呈现平坦分布,0～1kHz频段内噪音得到明显抑制,较单声光移频器构成的外差式激光多普勒测振计有显著改善.     

基于频谱Sevcik维数的目标运动速度估计*

在声目标无源估计应用中,目标与接收器存在相对运动时,接收的目标辐射的噪声信号存在多普勒频移。多普勒频移中包含目标的运动参数信息。针对线谱信号多普勒频移目标运动参数获取问题,提出一种基于频谱Sevcik维数的目标运动速度获取方法。首先利用Doppler-warping变换对接收信号进行重采样,然后对重采样后的频谱信号求Sevcik维数,最后通过寻找Sevcik最小值来实现速度估计。仿真证实了所提方法的有效性,在相同仿真条件下,所提方法相较于频谱求熵算法,速度搜索结果不仅具有更窄的主瓣宽度,而且可提高抗噪性5dB左右。两组实验数据的速度估计误差小于5%,证明了本文算法的有效性。     

抵消Wigner-Ville分布交叉项的窄带运动声源无源测速

利用声波的多普勒频移可以对窄带运动声源进行单传感器无源测速,其性能很大程度上取决于能否精确地估计出声波的瞬时频率.Wigner-Ville分布虽然时频分辨率高,但存在交叉项干扰,很少被直接用于瞬时频率估计。对此,提出了抵消Wigner-Ville分布交叉项的单传感器窄带声源无源测速方法。利用交叉项与声源速度的关系构造一个抵消项,引入到Wigner-Ville分布中,通过对声源速度估计值进行迭代更新,使抵消项与交叉项相位相反,从而约掉交叉项。经实测噪声数据验证,对一辆以6.07 m/s匀速运动的卡车(信噪比约为29 dB)测速误差为0.1 m/s,运行时间为4.6 s,对一架以28.90 m/s匀速运动的直升机(信噪比约为16 dB)测速误差为0.46 m/s,运行时间为1.2 s,均优于匹配Wigner变换和多普勒线性调频小波变换测速方法.      

Measurement of the Doppler Frequency Shift on Individual Rays Using a Chirp Ionosonde

We develop theoretically a method for determining the Doppler frequency shift on individual rays in ionospheric sounding. The method is based on using periodic chirp signals. The potential resolution and range of the measured Doppler-shifted frequencies are determined. Application of this method yields the relationship between the Doppler shift of the propagation-mode frequency and the velocity of a horizontal displacement of the hop tops along the Khabarovsk-Yoshkar-Ola radio path. Significant correlations between the mode order in the ionosphere and the Doppler shift, Doppler-spectrum width, and stationarity time of the propagation channel are found.     

Experimental study of the acoustic navigation of a helicopter by its noise radiation

Results of experimental measurements of the coordinates and trajectories of an MI-8 helicopter flight are presented for various types of maneuvers and the landing approach. The current coordinates are measured in real time by acoustic differential navigation methods using the noise radiation of a helicopter. It is shown that, when a measuring base with a microphone spacing of 2 m or less is used, the spatial correlation coefficient for the signals in the frequency band from 200 to 5000 Hz approaches unity. This makes it possible to estimate the position of the helicopter with rms errors less than 0.4 m at all stages of flight and at the landing approach.     

运动声源识别的动态波叠加方法研究

为更好地识别运动声源并解决声源识别中的虚假声源问题,基于运动声源短时信号的Doppler频移特性, 建立运动声场的短时波叠加关系, 利用波束形成方法对声源点进行预估, 基于预估建立起多运动声源的动态叠加方程, 进一步通过波叠加方程的求解进行声源的计算, 从而创建一种可以用于运动声源识别的动态波叠加方法. 该方法可以有效识别运动声源, 将波叠加方法扩展到了运动声源测量领域, 并在不增加传声器数量以及改变阵列形式的条件下有效抑制运动声源重建中的旁瓣效应, 解决运动声源识别中的虚假声源问题. 仿真及实际运动声源的测量试验结果证明了该方法的有效性.     

Algorithm for nonlinear digital filtering of harmonic filling of phase-shift keyed signals

In this work, we propose a method for nonlinear digital filtering of phase-shift keyed signals with different carrier frequencies on the basis of separating the phase discontinuities of the input signals. The method allows one to avoid compensation for unknown frequency shift in the problems of determining the time delay of signals in the case of multichannel propagation. The efficiency of the proposed method is shown for the signals which are short informative packages with the phase-shift keying against the noise background in the presence of the Doppler effect. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 49, No. 8, pp. 704–711, August 2006.     

水下航行器噪声源分布位置估计的瞬时频率变化率算法研究

使用单个传感器实现水下航行器纵向分布噪声源位置的估计。应用传感器接收的多普勒信号瞬时频率变化率具有极值性的特点,通过推导并定义一种时间-频率变化率分布(L-相位分布),给出其有效离散迭代算法,能够提取出多普勒信号的瞬时频率变化率曲线,得到该曲线极值点位置的估计值,并结合水下航行器的航速,可以估计出线谱噪声源在航行器上纵向的分布位置。海试数据给出了105 Hz,220 Hz和500 Hz等三种线谱噪声源的位置估计误差,其定位误差均不超过2.5 m,表明该方法对于中低频率噪声源具有较高的位置估计精度。      

旋转运动声源的频率波动修正波束形成方法

针对前飞状态的旋翼气动噪声信号频率存在周期性波动,且频域波束形成方法只能应用于稳态声源的问题,提出一种频率波动声源的波束形成方法。该方法利用已知的声源频率变化规律进行频率修正,在时域将频率波动信号等效为单频信号,基于该单频信号进行波束形成声源定位,实现了旋转运动的频率波动声源准确定位。数值仿真结果表明,提出的方法能够在频率波动幅值为127 Hz的情况下准确呈现出声源分布情况。在旋翼模型的风洞试验中,利用提出的频域波束形成方法其声成像结果中声源最大能量位置均在旋转轨迹上,而未进行频率修正的波束形成方法结果无法准确呈现出声源的位置。该方法扩展了频域波束形成方法中的单频声源假设,实现了旋转运动声源在频率波动状态下的波束形成,适用于前飞状态下旋翼气动噪声源的声源定位。      

Electroacoustic oscillations of aluminum oxide particles in the thermal plasma

The frequencies of natural electroacoustic oscillations of aluminum oxide particles in a laminar disperse aluminum flame are determined experimentally using the capacitive method. A computational model is proposed for estimating the natural frequency of oscillations of charged particles in the smoky plasma taking into account the Doppler effect. It is shown that, for a natural frequency of oscillations of 51 kHz, two measured maxima at frequencies of 30 and 60 kHz in the oscillation spectrum correspond to the Doppler frequencies.     

Transient vibration analysis of a completely free plate using modes obtained by Gorman's superposition method

This paper shows that the transient response of a plate undergoing flexural vibration can be calculated accurately and efficiently using the natural frequencies and modes obtained from the superposition method. The response of a completely free plate is used to demonstrate this. The case considered is one where all supports of a simply supported thin rectangular plate under self weight are suddenly removed. The resulting motion consists of a combination of the natural modes of a completely free plate. The modal superposition method is used for determining the transient response, and the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the plates used are obtained by Gorman's superposition method. These are compared with corresponding results based on the modes using the Rayleigh-Ritz method using the ordinary and degenerated free-free beam functions. There is an excellent agreement between the results from both approaches but the superposition method has shown faster convergence and the results may serve as benchmarks for the transient response of completely free plates.     

Polarization maintaining optical fiber multi-intruder sensor

In this paper, an optical fiber multi-intruder sensor based on polarization maintaining optical fiber (PMF), without any interferometric fiber loop, is introduced. To map the local coordinates of intruders on the beating spectrum of the output modes, radiation from a ramp frequency modulated laser is injected at the input of PMF optical fiber sensor. It is shown that the local coordinates and some characteristics of intruders can be obtained by the measurement of the frequencies and amplitudes of the output mode beating spectrum. Generally the number of beating frequencies is more than the number of intruders. Among the beating frequencies, a group with maximum signal to noise ratio is chosen. The short Fourier denoising method is employed to increase the sensor resolution. Because the output signal is the superposition of finite numbers of discrete frequencies this method is a powerful tool for denoising even for negative signal to noise ratio.