Redispersibility of Acrylate Polymer Powder and Stability of Its Reconstituted Latex

The acrylate redispersible polymer powder (RPP) was produced from acrylate latex via spray drying, which was synthesized by latex polymerization with the configuration of soft core and hard shell. The powder's redispersibility and stability of its reconstituted latex were achieved through incorporating monomer methacrylic acid (MAA), which has functional carboxyl group and can provide an ionization effect in alkaline range. The influence of pH value and MAA amount on the redispersibility and stability were studied. The stabilization mechanism for reconstituted latex was also investigated. The acrylate RPP has good redispersibility at MAA of 4–5% and pH values between 9.0 and 10.0. The reconstituted latex is stable at these conditions due to high zeta potential and strong electrostatic repulsion force.     

Film Formation and Redispersion of Waterborne Latex Coatings

Poly(vinyl acetate-co-ethylene) latex dispersions are prepared and their films investigated with a focus on the effect of composition upon redispersion. Films of dispersions containing sufficient amounts of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) can be redispersed in water. This property is lost in the presence of surfactant, a fact which suggests a procedure to control film formation. It is demonstrated that redispersion is due to a PVA-membrane which separates the particles. Loss of redispersibility in the presence of surfactant proceeds with the breakup of the membranes and a corresponding change of film properties. Experimental data is provided by light microscopy, mechanical testing, and TEM in conjunction with a staining method new to the field. The hypothesis is developed that interaction with surfactant leads to imperfect PVA-membranes that are no longer able to prevent latex polymer interdiffusion. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy demonstrates the formation of surfactant micelles, as well as the simultaneous adsorption and aggregation of PVA onto the micelles. It is concluded that the competing surface of the surfactant micelles traps enough PVA to cause thinning and fragmentation of the membranes surrounding the particles, which enables interdiffusion of latex polymer. This effect can be used to convert the system from one forming a redispersible coating to one forming a nonredispersible (permanent) film. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

多孔结构聚合物乳胶粒

介绍了多孔结构乳胶粒的制备方法、表征手段以及成孔机理。着重阐述了“碱酸分段处理法”中不饱和酸与交联剂的种类与用量、以及碱酸处理条件等因素对乳胶粒成孔的影响。     

胶乳型互穿聚合物网络(LIPN)阻尼材料

详细讨论了LIPN体系的阻尼原理。高分子材料在发生玻璃化转变时,大分子链段在玻璃化转变温度Tg附近的运动可以把振动能转化为热能耗散掉,借此可以达到减振、降噪的目的。这也是LIPN作为阻尼材料的依据。阻尼笥能是分子运动的结果,LIPN组分间的相容性及相互作用是影响阻尼性能的重要因素;采用不同的合成方法,将形成不同的微观形态,也会导致材料阻尼性能的差异。因此本文又深入探讨了各种合成参数及合成条件对体系性能的影响,并且指出了合成过程中特别需要注意的几个问题。     

双组分水性环氧树脂涂料

简述了双组分水性环氧树脂涂料的特点及其用途,分别介绍了水性环氧树脂乳液和水性环氧固化剂的制备方法、双组分水性环氧树脂涂料的分类、混合体系的固化成膜机理和适用期的判断。最后给出了对水性环氧树脂涂料进行配方设计时应考虑的因素。     

水性丙烯酸酯聚氨酯涂料的研究

合成了含羟基的丙烯酸酯树脂,并与甲苯二异氰酸酯反应制备预聚体Ⅰ,Ⅰ与扩链剂二羟甲基丙酸反应得到含羧基的预聚体Ⅱ,最后用1,4-丁二醇交联,制得水性丙烯酸酯聚氨酯涂料,讨论了合成过程中影响乳液稳定性和涂膜性能的因素。测试结果表明：涂膜的强度、光泽、硬度等性能均优于传统的同类树脂。     

核壳型聚丙烯酸酯乳胶粒子及其乳液的研究进展

综述了目前制备核壳型聚丙烯酸酯乳胶粒子的常用方法,如种子乳液聚合法、无皂乳液聚合法、反相乳液聚合法、细乳液聚合法以及种子分散聚合法;分析了聚合工艺、单体种类、温度、乳化剂和引发剂种类及用量等因素对聚丙烯酸酯核壳乳液合成及性能的影响;并对聚丙烯酸酯核壳乳液的研究现状进行了归纳;最后,展望了聚丙烯酸酯核壳乳液的发展方向。     

纳米材料及其光学特性

纳米材料是纳米科学技术的重要发展方向之一。本文综述了纳米材料线性和非线性光学等特性的研究进展，以期使纳米材料的光学特性得到更加深入细致的研究。     

微波辐照制备多孔乳胶粒

在微波辐照的条件下,通过间歇无皂种子乳液聚合,制得聚[苯乙烯－甲基丙烯酸甲酯－丙烯酸]复合乳液。将所得复合胶乳进行碱／酸分段处理,得到具有多孔结构的乳胶粒。用透射电镜对胶粒形态进行了表征,研究了不饱和酸用量、碱处理初始pH值及碱处理时间对胶粒成孔的影响。     

接枝改性碳酸钙及其在聚合物中的应用研究

介绍了近年来碳酸钙表面接枝改性的研究进展,讨论了自由基接枝聚合、辐照接枝聚合和力化学表面接枝聚合及偶联剂预处理与辐照并用接枝聚合改性方法。其中重点讨论了最新研究的偶联剂预处理与辐照并用接枝改性纳米碳酸钙的方法。用此方法制备的聚合物/纳米碳酸钙纳米复合材料在其他力学性能基本不变的情况下,大幅度提高了其缺口冲击强度和断裂伸长率。指出了碳酸钙表面接枝改性应向着提高接枝单体量和采用弹性体单体方面发展。     

纳米微晶纤维素聚合物的研究现状及应用前景

纳米微晶纤维素(NCC)具有广泛的兼容性和独特的物理尺寸效应,通过硫酸化、氧化、阳离子化、接枝和甲硅烷基化等化学改性可获得NCC聚合物,并赋予其独特的光学性质、流变性能和机械性能。NCC及其复合材料可应用于生物医药、航天航空、军事、建筑、造纸等领域。文章综述了NCC聚合物的研究进展及应用前景。     

氯霉素分子印迹聚合物的合成及应用

研究了氯霉素分子印迹聚合物的热聚合方法及最佳合成条件。应用扫描电子显微镜对氯霉素分子印迹聚合物的表面结构进行表征。研究了模板分子与功能单体比例对聚合物吸附性能的影响。将氯霉素分子印迹聚合物作为固相萃取填料制成固相萃取柱,并用含痕量氯霉素的牛乳考察此柱对氯霉素的选择吸附性,结果表明吸附率达94．7％,最大吸附量为4670μg／g。     

高聚物水基微乳液的研究进展

阐述了高聚物水基微乳液的定义，乳化原理和高聚物乳化的途径。对近十几年来高聚物水基微乳液研究的状况，影响微乳液的因素，乳化机理及应用前景进行了综述。     

分子印迹纳米膜的制备及其在检测神经性毒剂沙林中的应用

采用电化学聚合法首次合成了对有机磷毒剂沙林有快速响应和高灵敏度的分子印迹纳米膜。用压电晶体频移法测出其膜厚约为35nm,对影响电聚合反应的因素(如模板分子浓度、单体浓度、扫描电位和扫描次数)进行了筛选,进而在石英晶体微天平(QCM)上制成了纳米分子印迹传感器。这种新型传感器响应速度快(最初响应时间2s),抗干扰能力强,检测范围宽(O．7～50μL/L),灵敏度高(1nL/L)。     

用温度敏感高分子为载体的激光光声免疫分析及其应用

将单克隆抗乙肝表面抗原体抗与温度敏感高分子聚Ｎ－异丙基丙烯酰胺连接，中液相中与抗原、酶标抗体反应，通过热沉淀实现与游离酶标体抗体的异相分离。高分子载休的引入能减少非特异性吸附，罗大相载体聚乙烯酶标板更有利于激光光声技术高灵敏度优势的。同时，采用０．５％的十二烷基硫酸钠水溶液作显色终止剂，易与Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光波长匹配，实现了对低值乙肝表面抗原阳性血清的检测。     

Self-emulsifying Hydroxy Acrylic Polymer Dispersions for Two Component Waterborne Polyurethane Coatings

Novel self-emulsifying acrylic polymer aqueous dispersions (NPAD) for two component waterborne polyurethane coatings (2K-WPU) were prepared by the emulsification of self-emulsifying polymer blends in water, which the polymer blends typically consist of two acrylic polymers, one is a salt group containing polymer (P1), the other is a polymer without salt groups (P2). The dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis showed that the NPAD have a bimodal particle size distribution and the particle diameters can be controlled by the amount of salt group containing polymer and the concentration of salt groups in this polymer. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images also testified that the NPADs possess small particles consisted of P1 and core-shell structure large particles which are composed of the P1 in the shell parts and the P2 in the core parts. The property comparisons of the NPAD, conventional polyacrylic dispersion (CPAD) and poylacrylic emulsion (PAE) for 2K-WPU disclosed that the NPADs possess higher solid contents up to 45 wt% and much lower carboxy salt contents than those of the CPAD, and the NPAD-based 2K-WPU films display much better performance including 90% of the gloss, 0.81 of the pendulum hardness, much better solvent- and water-resistance than those of the CPAD and PAE. The TGA curves indicated the NPAD-based 2K-WPU films display good thermal stability.     

新型pH敏感相分离高分子的制备及其在免疫分析中的应用

聚Ｎ 异丙基丙烯酰胺 (ＰＮＩＰ)温度敏感高分子以其独特的温度敏感性质已成功地应用于免疫分析[1～ 6] .但这类温度敏感相分离免疫分析的反应温度必须控制在ＰＮＩＰ的相转变温度 ( 31℃ )以下 ,这不可避免地会影响免疫反应速率 .ｐＨ敏感高分子是另一类对环境敏感的智能型高分子 ,在其相转变ｐＨ值附近发生沉淀与溶解的可逆性变化 .目前 ,ｐＨ敏感高分子在免疫分析中的应用并没有受到重视 ,研究得较少[7] .这主要是由于 ｐＨ敏感高分子的相转变 ｐＨ值大都在 3左右 ,在此ｐＨ条件下 ,免疫反应生成的抗原 抗体免疫复合物会受到不同程度的…     

TiO2/共轭高分子纳米复合材料的制备及光催化性能研究

以聚氯乙烯和四氯化钛为原料,利用溶胶-凝胶法制备了复合光催化剂前驱体,经适当热处理后得到了TiO2/共轭高分子(CP)纳米复合光催化剂材料,并用TEM、XRD、FTIR、ESR和UV-Vis等对复合材料进行了表征.结果表明,复合材料平均粒径约30 nm,其中TiO2的结构为锐钛矿型,CP为具有活性基团和不同长度共轭链的高分子,且与TiO2之间存在相互作用.CP与TiO2的复合,拓宽了TiO2的光谱响应范围,使其能吸收紫外-可见区的全程光波(λ=190～800nm),而且对光生电荷具有很高的分离能力,从而使材料表现出较高的催化活性.在自然光作用下,该复合材料能在15min内使亚甲基蓝的降解率接近80%,催化活性优于纯的TiO2和PVC直接热处理产物.