Enhancing the performances of Li-ion batteries by carbon-coating: present and future

With progress of knowledge of electrode materials, it has been found that their surface structures are of great importance to the electrochemical performance of Li-ion batteries. Carbon coating can effectively increase the electrode conductivity, improve the surface chemistry of the active material, and protect the electrode from direct contact with electrolyte, leading to enhanced cycle life of the batteries. Carbon coating together with nanotechnology provides good conductivity as well as fast Li-ion diffusion, and thus also results in good rate capabilities. The recent development of carbon coating techniques in lithium-ion batteries is discussed with detailed examples of typical cathode and anode materials. The limitation of current technology and future perspective of the new concept of "hybrid coating" are also pointed out.     

Recent progress in conductive polymeric materials for biomedical applications

Advanced polymeric materials undoubtedly constitute one of the most promising classes of new materials due to their intriguing electronic, optical, and redox properties. The incredible progress in this area has been driven by the development of novel synthetic procedures owing to the emergence of nanotechnology and by the large array of applications. In particular, hybridization of polymeric materials with nanomaterials has allowed the production of promising functional materials with tailored properties and functionalities for targeted biomedical applications. Consequently, sufficient researchers have carried out imperative studies on these advanced polymeric materials over the last decade. Beyond scientific and fundamental interest, such advanced materials are conspicuous from technological perspectives as well. In this review, we accentuate the proliferation of advanced polymeric materials in diverse biomedical applications.     

Liquid-crystal nanoscience: an emerging avenue of soft self-assembly

Liquid crystals are finding increasing applications in a wide variety of fields including liquid-crystal display technology, materials science, bioscience, etc., apart from acting as prototype self-organizable supramolecular soft materials and tunable solvents. Recently, keeping in pace with topical science, liquid crystals have entered into the fascinating domains of nanoscience and nanotechnology. This tutorial review describes the recent and significant developments in liquid-crystal nanoscience embracing contemporary nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, nanorods, nanotubes, nanoplatelets, etc. The dispersion of zero-, one- and two-dimensional nanomaterials in liquid crystals for the enhancement of properties, liquid-crystalline phase behavior of nanomaterials themselves, self-assembly and alignment of nanomaterials in liquid-crystalline media, and the synthesis of nanomaterials by using liquid crystals as 'templates' or 'precursors' have been highlighted and discussed. It is almost certain that the 'fourth state of matter' will play more prevalent roles in nanoscience and nanotechnology in the near future. Moreover, liquid-crystal nanoscience reflects itself as a beautiful demonstration of the contemporary theme "crossing the borders: science without boundaries".     

Synthesis of Novel Semiconducting Aromatic Polyesteramids Containing Pyridine: Characterization of Nanometer-Sized Rod-Like Analogues and their Copper (II) Complexes

In this paper, new thermally stable isomeric unsubstituted polyesteramides have been successfully prepared by condensation of aromatic acids chlorides namely; isophthaloyl, pyridine-3,5-dicarbonyl and pyridine-2,6-pyridine-dicarbonyl dichlorides with the aminophenol isomers in NMP. Conducting the reaction in NMP/H₂O (90/10 v/v) followed by centrifugal separation furnished the desired polymers as rod-like nanoparticles. The morphology of obtained nanoparticles were studied by SEM. Mixing NMP with H₂O was essential for controlling the particles morphology and as a reaction accelerator.

Pyridine-containing polymers exhibit semi-conducting nature as their conductivities increase with increasing temperature, while no variation of the conductivity with the temperature was observed for their corresponding phenylene analogues. Introduction of the nitro group into the polymer backbone led to a red shift in the absorption and the obtained polymers have a bright yellow color, which is unusual with this polymer group. Copper (II) ions were complexed the polyesteramides-containing nitro group in a (1:1) ratio. Complexes of pyridine-containing polymers exhibit semiconducting nature changed to metallic characters on heating and their conductivities increased tens of magnitudes than their corresponding ligands. These new types of polymeric materials and their nano-sized rods may have numerous applications in nanotechnology and their properties can be tuned for specific applications such as conducting adhesives and coating materials.     

黄金材料的新兴工业应用

黄金作为一种宝贵的战略性资源,在稳定国民经济、抑制通货膨胀、提高国际资信、维护国家安全和防范金融风险方面具有独特的、不可替代的重要作用。近年来,随着纳米技术的扩展开发,纳米级黄金呈现出不同于大块黄金的诸多物理化学性质,从而可在工业催化、先进电子材料、光学装饰和生物医药等领域大显身手,可以说纳米技术使得黄金从左右国家金融的主要功能逐步扩展到影响国计民生的方方面面。新兴黄金纳米技术的发展日新月异,其规模化工业应用已拉开了序幕。本文综述了黄金纳米材料新兴工业应用领域的国内外进展,重点介绍了已工业化和趋于工业化的黄金纳米材料和相关技术,揭示了我国着力加强黄金工业应用研究和开发的必要性和紧迫性。     

Potentials of phyto-fabricated nanoparticles as ecofriendly agents for photocatalytic degradation of toxic dyes and waste water treatment,risk assessment and probable mechanism

Nanotechnology is a promising field and has diverse applications. Primarily, nanoparticles have been synthesized via chemical and physical methods. Dyes are synthetic organic compounds that are abundantly used in industries especially in textile industry. The use of these dyes is major contributors towards environmental pollution. Their hazardous nature raises great concerns in general public. Advancement in nanotechnology can efficiently help in mitigating this problem as nanoparticles can efficiently convert these harmful dyes into less harmful chemical byproducts through a process called Photocatalysis. Although, different approaches have been used for the synthesis of nanoparticles and their Photocatalytic activity but the most efficient approach is the green synthesis using different plants. This approach is environment-friendly and cost-effective. In order to reduce the toxic effects of synthetic dyes that pollutes the environment, it is important to look for such environmental friendly approaches and highlight the role of green nanotechnology in photocatalysis. In the present review paper, we for the first time have summarized the application of biogenic nanoparticles used as Photocatalytic agent in the degradation of different dyes such MB, MO and MR. We have presented a comprehensive review of chemistry/engineering approach of the technology along with mechanistic aspects. Furthermore, key applications of nanotechnology in Photocatalysis have been discussed along with futuristic insight.     

Plant-Based Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and Theranostic Applications: A Review

Bionanotechnology is a branch of science that has revolutionized modern science and technology. Nanomaterials, especially noble metals, have attracted researchers due to their size and application in different branches of sciences that benefit humanity. Metal nanoparticles can be synthesized using green methods, which are good for the environment, economically viable, and facilitate synthesis. Due to their size and form, gold nanoparticles have become significant. Plant materials are of particular interest in the synthesis and manufacture of theranostic gold nanoparticles (NPs), which have been generated using various materials. On the other hand, chemically produced nanoparticles have several drawbacks in terms of cost, toxicity, and effectiveness. A plant-mediated integration of metallic nanoparticles has been developed in the field of nanotechnology to overcome the drawbacks of traditional synthesis, such as physical and synthetic strategies. Nanomaterials′ tunable features make them sophisticated tools in the biomedical platform, especially for developing new diagnostics and therapeutics for malignancy, neurodegenerative, and other chronic disorders. Therefore, this review outlines the theranostic approach, the different plant materials utilized in theranostic applications, and future directions based on current breakthroughs in these fields.     

Polymer Nanocomposites in Building,Construction

Nanotechnology is an enabling technology allowing to do new things in almost every conceivable area. Initial efforts to exploit nanoscience/nanotechnology development in the construction industry focused mainly on understanding phenomena and improving performance of existing materials. Recently, polymer nanocomposites started to be introduced in other areas like the construction industry.

Polymer nanocomposite field attracts considerable attention these days due to a variety of potential practical applications. They have offered a great opportunity in sustainable construction/green building application due to their efficiency and environmental protection. Their use in the construction industry is still less known outside the research area. This paper is a short review of recent studies done in this area, taking into account that some nano based materials are ready to be used by the construction industry. This review covers some studies done in the polymer nanocomposite applications in construction basic materials such as concrete, asphalt, thermal and sound insulation, adhesives, coatings, plastics and in energy.     

纳米科技的发展对卤化银技术进步的影响

纳米科技和纳米材料在过去的十几年得到了迅速的发展,并将继续发展并渗透到各个领域,给世界和人类生活带来不可估量的影响.“纳米技术”真的是一个新的概念 ?事实上,某些材料的制备和使用早已经涉及了这个长度范围.卤化银照相技术就是“老”的纳米技术之一.在早期,从事卤化银照相的人们凭经验和有限的能力控制材料的某些结构在纳米级范畴.随着纳米科学的发展,纳米技术在卤化银照相领域的使用走过了从无意识到有目的的过程,促进了照相科学的发展.本论文将结合卤化银技术在 21世纪的发展趋势,从三个方面 (在纳米级研究卤化银照相、卤化银微晶上的纳米结构、纳米卤化银微粒)探讨纳米科学对卤化银技术进步的影响.     

Design of Bioinorganic Materials at the Interface of Coordination and Biosupramolecular Chemistry

Protein assemblies have recently become known as potential molecular scaffolds for applications in materials science and bio‐nanotechnology. Efforts to design protein assemblies for construction of protein‐based hybrid materials with metal ions, metal complexes, nanomaterials and proteins now represent a growing field with a common aim of providing novel functions and mimicking natural functions. However, the important roles of protein assemblies in coordination and biosupramolecular chemistry have not been systematically investigated and characterized. In this personal account, we focus on our recent progress in rational design of protein assemblies using bioinorganic chemistry for (1) exploration of unnatural reactions, (2) construction of functional protein architectures, and (3) in vivo applications.     

Thermo-optic coefficient of polyisobutylene ultrathin films measured with integrated photonic devices

The optical properties of polymeric materials, such as transmission loss and the thermo-optic coefficient, determine their utility in numerous applications, ranging from nanotechnology to the automotive and aerospace industries. However, because of the wide variation in the physical properties of polymers, many are unsuited for characterization using conventional techniques; consequently, their optical properties are unknown. One such polymer is polyisobutylene, which is viscous at room temperature and therefore is not compatible with conventional transmission loss and the thermo-optic coefficient characterization techniques because they rely on contact measurements. To overcome this, we have developed an integrated, microscale optical sensor that relies on an evanescent wave to study the material's optical behavior. Using this device, we successfully determined the refractive index, the transmission loss, and the thermo-optic coefficient of ultrathin films of polyisobutylene. The films are deposited on the sensor's silica surface using either spin coating or surface-initiated cationic polymerization, demonstrating the flexibility of this approach.     

Engineering DNA-based functional materials

While DNA is a genetic material, it is also an inherently polymeric material made from repeating units called nucleotides. Although DNA's biological functions have been studied for decades, the polymeric features of DNA have not been extensively exploited until recently. In this tutorial review, we focus on two aspects of using DNA as a polymeric material: (1) the engineering methods, and (2) the potential real-world applications. More specifically, various strategies for constructing DNA-based building blocks and materials are introduced based on DNA topologies, which include linear, branched/dendritic, and networked. Different applications in nanotechnology, medicine, and biotechnology are further reviewed.     

Conducting polymer nanostructures and their application in biosensors

Nowadays, functionalized conducting polymer nanomaterials have been received great attention in nanoscience and nanotechnology because of their large surface area. This article reviews various methods for synthesis of conducting polymer nanostructures and their applications in sensing materials, focusing on hard-template, soft-template and other methods and the formation mechanism of conducting polymer nanostructures by these methods. Conducting polymer nanostructures, such as nanotubes, nanowires, and nanoparticles, as sensing platforms for various applications are also summarized.     

Coating technology

Summary Many important functional coatings are realized by advanced coating technology in almost any kind of industry. To meet that goal, innumerable coating techniques and coating materials have been developed and are in use. By varying coating and substrate material, an almost unlimited potential exists in the case of plasma spraying and its process variants, which has to be regarded as the most important coating technique. To meet increasing requirements in coating performance, there has also been an increase in the importance of analytical techniques in coating production. The dominant areas of analytical methods which arise in the case of plasma spraying are characterization of coating materials, spray process control and coating characterization as well as cases of coating failures. To meet these requirements in analyzing, many analytical techniques are available and their use is a must in coating technology.

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Technische BeschichtungenZielsetzung, Möglichkeiten und Beitrag der Analytik zur Plasma-Sprühtechnik

     

Advanced carbon nanomaterials for electrochemiluminescent biosensor applications

Electrochemiluminescent biosensors are nowadays an established technology in the field of immunosensors and diagnostics. Along with the advent of nanotechnology, the marriage between electrochemiluminescence and nanomaterials results in promising enhancing strategies in many biosensor applications. Among nanomaterials, carbon-based ones are the most used, as (i) scaffolds, (ii) luminophores and (iii) electrode materials of the sensor. In this review, we describe the importance of a rational modification and functionalization of carbon nanomaterials to optimize electrochemiluminescence signal, and we also resume the latest and most relevant applications of electrochemiluminescent biosensors based on carbon nanomaterials.     

Chirality at nanoscale for bioscience

In the rapidly expanding fields of nanoscience and nanotechnology, there is considerable interest in chiral nanomaterials, which are endowed with unusually strong circular dichroism. In this review, we summarize the principles of organization underlying chiral nanomaterials and generalize the recent advances in the main strategies used to fabricate these nanoparticles for bioscience applications. The creation of chirality from nanoscale building blocks has been investigated both experimentally and theoretically, and the tunability of chirality using external fields, such as light and magnetic fields, has allowed the optical activity of these materials to be controlled and their properties understood. Therefore, the specific recognition and potential applications of chiral materials in bioscience are discussed. The effects of the chirality of nanostructures on biological systems have been exploited to sense and cut molecules, for therapeutic applications, and so on. In the final part of this review, we examine the future perspectives for chiral nanomaterials in bioscience and the challenges posed by them.

In this review, we summarize the principles of fabrication on chiral nanomaterials and generalize the recent achievements for the bioscience applications.     

Multifunctional cold spray coatings for biological and biomedical applications: A review

A variety of coating techniques are available for medical devices to be tailored with surface properties aimed at optimizing their performance in biological environments. Cold spray, as a member of the thermal spray family, is now being exploited to efficiently deposit micro- to nanometer sized metallic or non-metallic particles on surgical implants, medical devices and surfaces in the healthcare environment to create functional coatings. Cold spray has attracted attention in the context of biomedical applications due to the fact that multiple materials can be combined easily at the surface of these devices, and that oxygen-sensitive and heat-sensitive organic molecules, including bioactive compounds, can be incorporated in these coatings due to the relatively low temperatures used in the process. The ability to maintain material and chemical properties and the ability to create functional coatings make the cold spray process particularly suitable for applications in the MedTech industry sector.This review explores the fabrication of cold spray coatings including the types of materials that have been used for biomedical purposes, provides a detailed analysis of the factors affecting cold spray coating performance, and gives an overview over the most recent developments related to the technology. Cold spray coatings that have been used until this point in time in biomedical applications can be broadly classified as biocompatible coatings, anti-infective coatings, anti-corrosive coatings, and wear-resistant coatings. In addition, this review discusses how these applications can be broadened, for example by providing antiviral effect against coronavirus (COVID-19). While we highlight examples for multifunctional cold spray coatings, we also explore the current challenges and opportunities for cold spray coatings in the biomedical field and predict likely future developments.     

Metal complexes with polymeric ligands: modular synthesis of multifunctional materials for applications in biomedicine and nanotechnology

Polymeric metal complexes exhibiting useful properties were prepared by chelating macroligands to labile and inert metal ions. The specific structures elucidated through this method, as well as potential applications for these complexes are described. By carefully selecting the appropriate metal ion and polymer, these materials can be tuned for a host of applications in fields ranging from biomedicine to nanotechnology.     

Heteroatom Doped Graphdiyne and Analogues:Synthesis,Structures and Applications

As a new carbon allotrope,graphdiyne(GDY)has shown intensive practical application prospects in the energy field,catalysis,gas separation,etc.,due to its unique 2D π-conjugated structure,rich sp-hybridized carbon atoms and semiconductor characteristics.Considerable efforts have been made to the development of well-defined GDY materials in recent years.The doping heteroatoms can further tune the structures,semiconductor properties of GDY,and expand the promising applications.This review summarized a comprehensive development of heteroatom doped GDYs,including their synthesis,structures,properties,applications in nanotechnology,as well as the forecast in the future.     

衍生多孔碳材料在固相微萃取中的应用研究进展

固相微萃取是一种集采样、萃取、富集和进样于一体的样品前处理技术,其萃取效果与涂层材料密切相关。多孔碳材料具有比表面积大、多孔结构可控、活性位点多和化学稳定性好等优点,广泛应用于电池、超级电容器、催化、吸附和分离等领域,也是一种热门的用作固相微萃取探针的涂层材料。衍生多孔碳材料因种类丰富、可设计性强被广泛研究,研究主要集中在对衍生多孔碳材料的结构优化方面。但是衍生多孔碳材料在固相微萃取中的应用还存在如下问题:(1)共价有机框架衍生多孔碳材料的制备已取得较大进展,但将其应用于固相微萃取领域的研究仍较少;(2)有待进一步明确制备出的衍生多孔碳材料用作固相微萃取涂层表现出优异提取能力的机理;(3)有待进一步深入研究将衍生多孔碳材料用作固相微萃取涂层以实现对不同物理化学性质污染物的广谱高灵敏度分析。文章综述了近3年衍生多孔碳材料在固相微萃取中的应用研究,并展望了未来衍生多孔碳材料在固相微萃取中的研究前景。引用文献共56篇,主要来源于Elsevier。