平抛运动演示仪的改进

针对高中物理教科版必修2的平抛运动的探究实验,指出教材演示实验装置存在不足,对平抛运动演示仪进行了改进.改进后能更直观地观察到平抛运动的水平方向和竖直方向的分运动.新仪器突破了平抛运动教学的重点难点,仪器操作简单,演示效果明显.     

在气垫导轨上演示运动独立性原理

从平抛运动出发,在气垫导轨上演示小球自由下落和竖直上抛实验,将平抛和斜抛运动分成垂直和水平2个方向的运动.本实验演示效果较好,实验现象直观,宜于学生理解运动的独立性原理.     

一个力学演示仪的制作

平抛运动是高中物理学中的一个重要知识点,做好演示实验对理解和掌握平抛运动规律是非常重要的.     

多功能平抛运动实验装置的创新设计与实验

针对现有平抛运动实验装置设计不足、操作繁琐等问题,设计了多功能平抛运动实验装置.设计制作的装置将讨论平抛运动水平与竖直分运动、演示不同高度和初速度的平抛运动、验证平抛运动轨迹是抛物线等多种功能相融合,方便实验教学的开展.通过现象的观察和数据的处理,从多角度引导学生归纳平抛运动的规律,为提升科学探究能力提供良好的教学资源.     

平抛物体运动的演示

讲解平抛物体的运动后,应得出:平抛运动可以看作是水平方向的匀速直线运动,和竖直方向的自由落体运动的合运动的结论。在教材中用平抛竖落仪证明:平抛物体的运动,在竖直方向上的分运动是自由落体运动。但这个演示,仅仅能证明平抛物体的运动在竖直方向的分运动是自由落体运动,并不能证明它在水平方向的分运动是匀速直线运动。     

自制平抛运动轨迹演示仪

平抛运动是高中物理学的一个重要知识点,做好演示实验对理解和掌握平抛运动规律是十分重要的．人教版普通高中课程标准实验教科书（必修2）第12页参考案例2中的演示装置,简便易行,它能让学生清晰地看到水流作平抛运动的轨迹．但是它无法把此轨迹保存下来进行进一步的研究．笔者经过反复实验、研究,并在它的基础上做了进一步的改进,设计制作了平抛运动轨迹演示仪,经多次使用效果很好．现介绍如下,供参考．     

平抛运动分解演示器的制作

平抛运动是水平运动与竖直自由落体运动的合成，为了演示直观、生动，让学生形成感性认识，笔者制作了平抛运动分解演示器，此仪器不但可以看到三个小球同步运动，而且通过小球在运动末端时触压开关，由三个电灯燃亮的时刻，来显示同时刻水平运动的小球与平抛球在水平方向上的位移相等，平抛球与竖落球在竖直方向上的位移相等，三个球同步运动，比以往的平抛竖落仪器更直观。     

平抛运动演示装置

利用日常材料设计制作了平抛运动演示装置,该装置借助红色液体和工字钉能直观地显示液体的运动轨迹,再通过测量、计算即可证明平抛运动在竖直方向上为自由落体运动.     

从输液想到平抛实验

生病输液是经常的事，有一次我在输液时，看到医师在调节针头的药水时，药水射出的轨迹成抛物线的一部分，我想是否可以用这种办法演示平抛运动呢？经过反复的试验，终于装配出了一个用水流演示平抛运动的演示器，现介绍如下．     

平抛运动演示仪的创新与自制

现有的平抛运动演示仪存在实验现象不直观、操作繁琐耗时长、器材昂贵等缺点,因此,选择生活中常见的器材自制教具.巧妙地利用联动装置保证了小球同时运动,生动形象地演示平抛运动在水平和竖直方向的运动情况,同时利用磁性小球和磁性画板描绘其运动轨迹.能使学生直观明了地观察到做平抛运动的物体的运动轨迹,同时教具操作简单方便,经久耐用.     

Crystal diffraction grating in LiNbO3:Fe derived from interferometric volume holography

A 90° two-beam coupling configuration was used to store an image of an extended object in a 0.032 %wt iron-doped LiNbO₃ crystal. A volume hologram was thus generated, via the photorefractive effect, within the microstructure of the crystal. The time evolution of partial spatial erasure of the hologram under illumination was studied by capturing its reconstructed image on a digital camera and performing a two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform. This produced the refractive index grating created through interference of object and reference beams. The nature, intensity distribution and dimensions of the diffraction grating were derived in order to throw light upon the movement and mechanisms of charges, which create the index grating.     

斜面上任意抛射的最佳抛射角

对斜面上任意抛射的最佳抛射角和射程计算公式进行了推导.     

Zonal flow dynamics and control of turbulent transport in stellarators

The relation between magnetic geometry and the level of ion-temperature-gradient (ITG) driven turbulence in stellarators is explored through gyrokinetic theory and direct linear and nonlinear simulations. It is found that the ITG radial heat flux is sensitive to details of the magnetic configuration that can be understood in terms of the linear behavior of zonal flows. The results throw light on the question of how the optimization of neoclassical confinement is related to the reduction of turbulence.     

基于自由曲面反射镜的低投射比超短焦投影物镜的光学设计

为了设计低投射比的超短焦投影物镜,本文采用自由曲面和折反式的光路结构设计了一种具有低投射比的超短焦投影物镜系统。该物镜由一个旋转对称的折射透镜组和一个自由曲面反射镜组成。采用11.938 mm的数字微镜器件(DMD)作为空间光调制器产生图像源。采用法线加权迭代优化的方法计算自由曲面。最后,分析了系统的性能。仿真结果表明:超短焦投影物镜可在580 mm的投影距离处实现3048 mm尺寸的大屏幕投影,系统的投射比低至0.19,系统的最大畸变小于0.72%。能够满足低投射比超短焦投影物镜的设计要求。该投影系统具有低投射比、低畸变、投影效果好等优点,可为超短焦投影系统的进一步发展提供有益参考。     

地球表面水平运动物体偏转推演及判断

本依据科氏力原理,利用数学矢量公式推断地球表面水平运动物体的偏转方向,并依据其对地球表面出现的系列现象给予物理意义上的解释,使得传统的地表水平运动物体偏转方向的判断进一步规范化。     

Auxiliary mass throw in a tuned and damped vibration absorber

Dynamic vibration absorbers should be tuned and optimally damped to control the amplitudes of vibration of the primary mass over the whole range of exciting frequencies. The lighter the auxiliary mass the greater is the amplitude of its excursions relative to the primary mass. In the case of the tuned system the maximum steady state throw of the auxiliary mass can be easily calculated from the formulas given. These are most elegantly derived by use of a frequency locus technique. It is shown that is the system is also optimally damped the throw of the auxiliary mass has its minimum value which depends only on the mass ratio.     

非全息衍射投影（英文）

提出了一种无需全息计算和相干照明的衍射投影方法和投影系统,利用非相干的准直LED光源和傅里叶变换透镜取代全息迭代计算获得被投影图像的空间频谱,再利用空间频谱在自由空间中的瑞利索墨菲衍射实现了小投射比、无限景深的图像投影.详细推导了投影方法的成像过程,解析了投影系统的强度脉冲响应函数.实验搭建了一套非全息衍射投影系统,对投影过程中产生的像差和亮度不均匀进行矫正,获得了无相干噪音的高品质衍射图像,实现了投射比为0.87的无限景深的衍射投影.在相距大于800 mm的不同深度平面上同时获得了清晰的投影图像,从而验证了方法的可行性.该投影方法和系统在球幕投影、任意曲面屏幕投影和增强现实投影等领域具有潜在的应用.     

Physiological Studies of Retrusive Movements of the Human Tongue

SUMMARY: This study identified that physiologically the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle at the level of the base of the tongue contributes to retrusive movement of the tongue with constriction of the mid-pharyngeal cavity and possesses unique properties in terms of motor speech control along with the genioglossus muscle. From a kinematic study involving trans-nasal fiberscopy and lateral X-ray fluorography, retrusive movement of the tongue was highly correlated with constrictive movement of the mid-pharyngeal cavity. An electromyographic study revealed that the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle at the level of the base of the tongue contributes to retrusive movement of the tongue and that the genioglossus muscle contributes to protrusive movement. We also noted that this relationship between the activities of these two muscles were in response to postural changes during vowel productions without changes in the acoustic features. These findings suggest that these two muscles act not only antagonistically to produce retrusive and protrusive movement of the tongue, but also they complement each other to conserve the shape of the vocal tract for speech production. The functional relationship between these two muscles could contribute the consecutive movement of human speech production under various conditions and might be useful when applying rehabilitation approaches for the patients with neurological speech and swallowing disorders.     

打水漂与物理学规律

打水漂是人类最古老的游戏之一.通过对打水漂进行简化定量分析得出,石块弹跳,只有在抛掷的初速度超过某个临界值时才会发生,并且给出了石块的最大弹跳次数.     

Pure Quantum Interpretations Are?not?Viable

Pure interpretations of quantum theory, which throw away the classical part of the Copenhagen interpretation without adding new structure to its quantum part, are not viable. This is a consequence of a non-uniqueness result for the canonical operators.