On the elastic problem of the non-homogeneous anisotropic reticulated body resting on a lattice

Summary A reticulated body is examined, which is constituted by pin-jointed members; the joints coincide with the points of a lattice; the members can be arbitrarily distributed.The problem of the elastic equilibrium of such a body is studied, proposing a method of solution based on the interpretation of the reticulated body as a continuum.In particular, we assume as model a body constituted by molecules, placed in the joints and centrally attracting or repelling one another.The elastic properties of such a model are defined according to Cauchy-Poisson theory, as functions of the rigidities of the members of the reticulated body; in general, the resultant model is anisotropic and non-homogeneous.The method suggested is different from the similar ones[1], [2], [3], by being based on the rigorous definition of the model of the reticulated body.This method is a generalization of a more restricted method applied to the study of the cubic homogeneous reticulated bodies[4], [5]; it attributes to the joints of the reticulated body the displacements of the corresponding points of the continuum model and consequently determines the stresses in the members.The errors made with the explained method are deduced by comparing the equations of the continuum model with those of the reticulated body; by reiterating the method, we can reduce these errors to as small as we want.

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Sommario Si esamina un corpo a struttura reticolare, costituito da aste articolate a cerniera: i nodi coincidono con i punti di un sistema regolare nello spazio, le aste possono essere comunque distribuite.Si affronta il problema dell'equilibrio elastico di un tale corpo proponendo un metodo di soluzione fondato sulla interpretazione del reticolo come un continuo.In particolare si assume come modello un corpo costituito da molecole poste in corrispondenza dei nodi e soggette ad azioni mutue dirette secondo le congiungenti i loro centri.Le costanti elastiche del modello sono fissate, seguendo il modello di Cauchy-Poisson, in funzione delle rigidezze delle aste del reticolo; nel caso più generale il modello che ne consegue sarà anisotropo ed eterogeneo.Il procedimento che si propone si differenzia dai procedimenti similari[1], [2], [3], in quanto è fondato sulla definizione rigorosa del modello del reticolo.Esso è la generalizzazione di quello applicato allo studio dei reticoli omogenei cubici[4], [5] e consiste nell'assegnare ai nodi del reticolo gli spostamenti dei corrispondenti punti del modello continuo e nella conseguente determinazione degli sforzi nelle singole aste.Gli errori che si commettono con tale procedimento vengono dedotti dal confronto fra le equazioni del modello e quelle del reticolo; essi possono rendersi piccoli a piacere mediante opportune iterazioni.

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Ellipsoidal defect identification in an elastic body from the results of a uniaxial tension (compression) test

We consider the problem of identification of an ellipsoidal cavity or ellipsoidal inclusion (rigid or elastic) in an isotropic linearly elastic body. We solve the problem by a method based on the use of a reciprocity functional. We propose a constructive procedure which allows us to express the defect geometric parameters in terms of the values of the reciprocity functional. These values can be calculated by measuring the displacements on the external surface of the body in a static uniaxial tension (compression) test. The proposed procedure permits exact identification of the parameters of the ellipsoidal defect if it is located in an infinite space. In the case of a bounded elastic body, it can be considered as an approximate procedure.     

The behavior of a flat elliptical crack in an anisotropic elastic body

A method devolving upon the computation of certain influence coefficients is herein presented for determining the material displacements and stress in the vicinity of the edge of an elliptic crack within an arbitrarily anisotropic elastic body. In particular, compact line integral expressions for the stress intensity factors about the circumference of the crack and for the magnitude of the crack face displacement are derived. In all cases, the elastic body is assumed subject to uniform stress states far from the crack. Numerical results for a special example are also shown.     

Two dimensional wave front shape induced in a homogeneously strained elastic body by a point perturbing body force

Summary The shape of The two (spatial) dimensional wave front induced in a finitely strained elastic body by an impulsive point body force is investigated. The elastic body is characterized by three parameters which are restricted by the requirement that the governing system of equations be strictly hyperbolic. The wave front is constructed as the envelope of a one parameter family of straight lines. For different combinations of , and the wave front is shown to have zero, two or four cuspoidal triangles. The interiors of these triangles are found to be lacunas, where the associated displacements vanish identically.     

Acoustic radiation force on an elastic cylinder in a Gaussian beam near an impedance boundary

Acoustic radiation force (ARF) is studied by considering an infinite elastic cylinder near an impedance boundary when the cylinder is illuminated by a Gaussian beam. The surrounding fluid is an ideal fluid. Using the method of images and the translation-addition theorem for the cylindrical Bessel function, the resulting sound field including the incident wave, its reflection from the boundary, the scattered wave from the elastic cylinder, and its image are expressed in terms of the cylindrical wave function. Then, we deduce the exact equations of the axial and transverse ARFs. The solutions depend on the cylinder position, cylinder material, beam waist, reflection coefficient, distance from the impedance boundary, and absorption in the cylinder. To analyze the effects of the various factors intuitively, we simulate the radiation force for non-absorbing elastic cylinders made of stainless steel, gold, and beryllium as well as for an absorbing elastic cylinder made of polyethylene, which is a well-known biomedical polymer. The results show that the impedance boundary, cylinder material, absorption in the cylinder, and cylinder position in the Gaussian beam significantly affect the magnitude and direction of the force. Both stable and unstable equilibrium regions are found. Moreover, a larger beam waist broadens the beam domain, corresponding to non-zero axial and transverse ARFs. More importantly, negative ARFs are produced depending on the choice of the various factors. These results are particularly important for designing acoustic manipulation devices operating with Gaussian beams.     

The supersonic motion of a rigid body in an elastic medium with friction

The plane problem of supersonic steady motion of a body in an elastic medium is solved. Two possible cases of body motion are considered depending on its velocity. In the first case, the body moves at a velocity greater than the velocity of transverse waves but smaller than the velocity of longitudinal waves. In the second case, the body moves at a velocity greater than the velocity of longitudinal waves. An analytic solution of the problem under study is obtained and analyzed. It is shown that friction substantially influences the penetration process.     

The motion of a detaching elastic body

Conclusions The qualitative behavior of the displacement (t) and the radius R(t) during the different phases of the motion is illustrated in the diagram of Fig. 6.1.After the first impact at t = 0 the displacement (t) varies according to (5.2). If the first maximum of (t) is higher than ₁ then at time t ₁ the graph of (t) intersects the straight line = _cand detachment first occurs. In the second phase the dependance of on t is expressed by (5.6). The detachment will end at the instant t ₂ when vanishes.The radius R remains equal to R ₀ until (t) reaches the critical value ₁ = _c that is at t = t ₁. After t ₁, R(t) will decrease according to (4.4) up to its final value ₂.A rather unexpected property of the solution is that the greatest elongation is finite for every non-vanishing value of the ratio .To Jerry Ericksen for his 60^th birthday     

Eigenoscillations of an elastic body with a rough surface

Explicit presentations for the initial terms of the asymptotic solution of the spectral problem of the elasticity theory in a plane region with a rapidly oscillating boundary are obtained. Based on asymptotic formulas, two methods for problem modeling are proposed: with the use of Wenzel’s boundary conditions and with the use of the principle of a smooth image of a singularly perturbed boundary. Various approaches to justification of asymptotic presentations are discussed. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 48, No. 6, pp. 103–114, November–December, 2007.     

The suppression of a dynamic instability of an elastic body using feedback control

A theoretical and experimental study is made to determine the feasibility of controlling a thin cantilevered beam subject to a (nonconservative) follower force. A theoretical model is developed using the equations for a thin beam under initial stress and Galerkin's method. An experiment is constructed with the capability of using a variety of feedback loops to control a thin aluminum beam with a tip jet mounted parallel to the chord. A particular control system is chosen for study and an increase of follower force required to destabilize the beam of over 65 per cent is recorded. The theoretical results show good correlation with the experimentally determined stability boundaries and frequency variations with follower force.     

Contact of a plate with an elastic body: an interface model

The authors study the problem of contact between a plate and an elastic body, using the interface model as introduced by Oden and Martins. The problem is formulated as a variational inequality. The authors use the theory of P-coercive variational inequalities, developed by the authors and K. Schmitt, to examine the existence and uniqueness of the solutions.Work completed with financial support from the National Program of Basic Research in the Natural Sciences of VietNam.     

Inclusions in a finite elastic body

Within the framework of 2D or 3D linear elasticity, a general approach based on the superposition principle is proposed to study the problem of a finite elastic body with an arbitrarily shaped and located inclusion. The proposed approach consists in decomposing the initial inclusion problem into the problem of the inclusion embedded in the corresponding infinite body and the auxiliary problem of the finite body subjected to the appropriate boundary loading provided by solving the former problem. Thus, our approach renders it possible to circumvent the difficulty due to the unavailability of the relevant Green function, use various existing solutions for the problem of an inclusion inside an unbounded body and clearly makes appear the finite boundary effects. The general approach is applied and specified in the context of 2D isotropic elasticity. The complex potentials for the problem of an inclusion in an infinite body are given as two boundary integrals, and the boundary integral equation governing the complex potentials for the auxiliary problem is provided. In the important particular situation where a finite body with an arbitrarily shaped and located inclusion is circular, the exact explicit expressions for the complex potentials are derived, leading to those for the strain, stress and Eshelby’s tensor fields inside and outside the inclusion. These results are analytically detailed and numerically illustrated for the cases of a square inclusion placed concentrically, and a circular inclusion located eccentrically, inside a circular body.