General representation of interference contrast formed by arbitrarily polarized waves and its application in wave design for holographic fabrication of photonic crystals

A general formula of interference contrast formed by two arbitrarily polarized elliptical waves propagating along arbitrary directions in three-dimensional (3-D) space is derived. From it a series of inferences for the interference of linear and circular waves including their different combinations are obtained. These formulae are used for polarization optimization in three and four noncoplanar beam interference for the fabrication of 3-D periodic microstructures. The numerical calculations show that the use of circular light can improve the uniform contrast considerably compared with the use of only linear light, and the use of elliptical light may make the contrast even higher.     

Vector Approach to Calculating Space-Charge Fields in Crystals withntrast Light Interference Pattern

A new method for calculating space-charge fields in photorefractive crystals with shallow-lying traps illuminated by a light interference pattern of arbitrary contrast and shape is suggested. A space-charge field in a BSO:Cd crystal with shallow-lying traps illuminated by a sine light interference pattern with the high contrast m = 0.99 is calculated.     

可获得高衬比干涉条纹的实时全息记录方法

本文提出了一种可以获得高衬比的实时全息记录方法,它通过分析所记录的第一张实时全息图来获得拍摄最佳衬比实时全息图的拍摄参数,文中指出了拍摄最佳衬比实时全息图需要满足的条件,给出了理论分析和实验验证,实验结果与理论相符甚好,对于透明物体的实时法全息图.条纹衬比可接近最佳值1.     

Formation of a microfiber bundle by interference of three noncoplanar beams

A systematic analysis of interference of three noncoplanar plane waves with identical frequency is provided. This analysis shows that a fiber bundle with spacing of the order of the wavelength, which one may conveniently control by changing the recording geometry, can be formed by this means. The relation between the incident light-wave vectors and the resultant pattern is analyzed. The concept of uniform contrast for an interference pattern is introduced, and the polarization optimization approach for each beam that ensures maximum uniform contrast for each beam is also given.     

一种制作投影灰度正弦光栅的新方法

针对传统方法难以制作结构光三维投影测量设备的灰度正弦光栅元件,并以Ronchi光栅代替从而影响测量准确度,提出了一种制作灰度按正弦分布的光栅模板的新方法.通过对银盐全息干板透过率特性曲线的理论分析,指出在对比度为一的正弦干涉条纹下曝光不能得到线性记录和变换的原因,并提出了采用均匀非相干光预曝光提供偏置点来实现线性记录的新方法.实验表明,采用空间滤波法能够获得对称双光束正弦干涉条纹记录,并准确控制正弦干涉条纹曝光在干板的线性区域,可以达到线性记录并获得尽可能高的反衬度.     

润滑油膜双色光干涉测量系统的特性研究

基于多光束干涉理论和摄像系统的光谱响应特性,建立了润滑油膜彩色光干涉测量的色度学模型,以红绿双色光干涉测量为例设计了计算机程序复现了油膜厚度测量的干涉图像。双色光干涉的理论计算和实验测量取得了很好的一致性。进一步的计算表明,润滑油膜双色光干涉图像的色彩主要受光源双色光的半峰全宽、析光膜厚度、垫层厚度及润滑介质特性的影响。在所设定的计算参数条件下,双色光的半峰全宽较窄,析光膜厚度为4～10nm和垫层厚度较薄时图像的对比度较高。     

入射角和薄片表面特性对激光干涉测温的影响

以激光干涉为理论基础,采用具有不同表面光学特性的单晶硅片和K-8光学玻璃为样品,针对不同的测量条件,研究干涉条纹对比度变化对温度测量的影响.分析了薄片干涉条纹对比度与测量光束直径、入射角、样品表面粗糙度以及表面镀膜之间的相互关系,研究了薄片的横向温度梯度对干涉对比度的影响.实验结果表明,上述各因素对温度测量参量对比度产生的影响具有规律性,并在一定对比度阈值条件下,能够满足精确测温的条件要求.     

Interference structure of low-frequency reverberation signals in shallow water

Using numerical simulation, an analysis was conducted of the interference structure of a bottomscattered sound field generated by a wideband point source in shallow water under winter and summer conditions. The scattered signals were received from the place where the source was located and were subjected to Fourier transform with a sliding window. The paper demonstrates the possibility of estimating the waveguide invariant for backscattered signals when processing the sound intensity distributions in wide frequency and distance ranges up to the scattering area. A technique is proposed for reconstructing the twodimensional field of internal waves using variations of the interference pattern of reverberation signals. The influence of wind surface waves on the degree of interference band contrast is illustrated.     

Optical transfer function analysis of Lau-Type grating atom interferometer

A grating interferometer composed of two transmission gratings in tandem irradiated incoherently was studied for an atom interferometer. Determination of its interference effect was made with consideration of the optical transfer function. An atom beam had a velocity distribution, which made the influence on the interference phenomenon. The calculated results show that the fringe (grating image) with relatively high contrast is obtained under a certain grating arrangement even if the interferometer is irradiated by a spatially incoherent polychromatic atom beam.     

熔石英元件抛光表面的亚表面损伤研究

通过结合HF酸洗和微分干涉差显微成像对两组抛光元件的亚表面损伤进行直接观测和分析。结果显示微分干涉差显微成像相比于传统的明场成像具有更好的分辨率,可以更有效检测HF酸洗后暴露的各种浅塑性亚表面损伤。对两组抛光元件的亚表面损伤的对比分析发现熔石英元件在抛光中会产生大量的亚表面损伤,这些亚表面损伤绝大多数是浅塑性的划痕和坑,仅有少量的脆性断裂损伤,较大的抛光颗粒会产生更多更严重的亚表面损伤,并且这些亚表面损伤被表面沉积层所掩盖,表面粗糙度不能反映亚表面损伤的严重程度。     

Performance of Extrinsic Fabry–Perot Interferometer Based on Graded-Index Lenses for a Fabry–Perot Cavity with Surface Errors

Interference contrast is an important parameter for extrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer (EFPI) based on graded index (GRIN) lenses. It determines the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the measurement accuracy. We discuss the influence of Fabry–Perot (FP) cavity surface errors, which are inevitable in controlling the interference contrast during the manufacturing procedure. Our theoretical analysis and results of numerical simulations demonstrate that the surface errors diminish the interference contrast — the larger the surface error, the smaller the interference contrast. The results obtained contribute to the EFPI application in fiber sensors.     

激光干涉光刻法制作100 nm掩模

 介绍了一种利用激光干涉光刻技术得到特征图形,并通过离子束刻蚀将图形转移到铬层上,从而获得掩模的方法。针对掩模透光率以及对干涉图形对比度可能产生影响的两个参数分别进行了数值仿真,从而证明此方法的可行性和参数的优化选择。自搭干涉光刻实验系统,用257 nm的激光光源实现光刻,得到特征尺寸为100 nm的图形,再经过离子束刻蚀,最终得到周期200 nm、线宽100 nm的掩模。     

信息光学视角下菲涅耳双棱镜干涉的研究

菲涅耳双棱镜干涉在相衬成像和全息显微术中有重要应用。为了促进其应用,本文从信息光学角度研究双棱镜干涉,首先利用光场与脉冲响应函数之间的关系,理论导出了菲涅耳双棱镜干涉条纹强度公式,分析并讨论了狭缝缝宽及狭缝到双棱镜距离对菲涅耳双棱镜干涉条纹的影响,狭缝宽度大于0. 1 mm时,干涉条纹分辨率变差。接着给出了改变狭缝宽度(变化量为0. 08 mm)和改变狭缝到双棱镜的距离(从8 cm变化到12 cm)的实验结果,理论分析和实验结果一致。该结果有助于促进菲涅耳双棱镜干涉在相衬成像等领域的应用。     

Synthesis of contrast bandpass interference filters

A method is developed to design complex-period contrast bandpass interference filters with a band-width continuously varied in a wide range, which cannot be precisely formed by known classes of two-compoent multiple-half-wave passband systems.     

相移干涉显微术测量表面微观形貌

在微分干涉相衬显微镜中加入偏振相移装置,实现了对干涉光强的调制,达到了相移的目的,构造了具有纳米级分辨率的相移干涉显微测量系统。编制了一套测试软件及多组数据处理软件,将测量系统的各组成部分用软件进行了连接。分析并解决了测量过程中的技术难题,对纳米表面微观形貌进行了高精度实时自动测量。该测量系统能够准确地重构出纳米表面微观形貌,并给出了定量测量数据。     

Effect of absorption on surface speckles in random media

We investigate the intensity fluctuations of light backscattered from absorbing random media. A numerical simulation which takes into account the interference among different scattering paths reveals that the contrast of speckle patterns appearing at the surface of the medium decreases with an increase of absorption in weak absorption regime, but increases for strong absorption. It is shown from a simple theoretical model that such a contrast variation is caused by changes in the power of diffusive-scattering waves and in the amplitude distribution of single and low-order scattering waves.     

Contrast reversal with a point-diffraction interferometer with a carrier frequency

A modified point diffraction interferometer is presented, where interference is made in the first diffracted order of a composite grating. A 180° phase shift between reference and object beam is introduced to obtain a complete image contrast reversal.     

实时全息术检测透明物的一种新方法

介绍了实时全息术检测透明物的一种新方法,它采用物光再现的参考光和参考光通过全息图的直透光所形成的干涉图纹检测透明物体的变化。证明了这组干涉图纹与用参考光再现的物光和物光通过全息图的直透光所形成的干涉图纹分布规律相似,仅在相位上相差π。还讨论了这组干涉图纹的衬比和获得最佳衬比的条件。此方法可消除物光光路上某些因素带来的相位畸变,避开待测物体自发光的干扰,并可在全息图后方任意位置进行记录,这使实时全息术在实践中更具有灵活性,有助于它在更广阔领域内的应用。     

A three-beam case X-ray interferometer

A new type of X-ray interferometer is described in which total reflection is established in the process of beam splitting, beam deflection and beam recombination by making essential use of simultaneous Bragg case diffraction from two different sets of net planes.The amplitudes of the interfering beams are calculated along the lines of the dynamical theory of X-ray diffraction. It is found that in the general non-planar three-beam case a complicated interaction of polarization states occurs which results in a destruction of interference contrast. On the other hand, in the planar case the polarization states stay separated and interference contrast can reach 100%.A monolithic interferometer using coplanar (440) and (404) reflections was made from a perfect silicon crystal and operated successfully. The degree of interference contrast was investigated experimentally with NiK radiation of an ordinary X-ray tube and with synchrotron X-rays from DESY.Focusing requirements and source properties influencing the coherence conditions are discussed.Part of doctorate thesis (University of Dortmund, 1976)