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《高等学校化学学报》2015,(11)
为了寻找兼具优异爆轰性能和良好热力学及动力学稳定性的高能材料,本文设计了15个硝基尿酸化合物,运用密度泛函理论,对其性质进行了研究.通过半经验的K-J方程和比冲量预测了其爆炸性能,结果表明,所设计分子的爆热、分子密度、爆炸速率和爆炸压强同硝基取代基数目之间存在较强的线性关系.三硝基尿酸和四硝基尿酸衍生物的爆炸速率超过了8.0 km/s,爆炸压强超过了30 GPa,并且大多数衍生物的比冲量要高于目前经常使用的炸药黑索金.通过计算N—NO2键的解离能、特征落高、分子的自由空间预判了衍生物的稳定性和撞击感度,结果显示,绝大多数分子有大于80 k J/mol的键解离能.本文的理论结果可以为实验上设计合成新的高能材料提供一些有用的信息. 相似文献
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为了寻找兼具优异爆轰性能和良好热力学及动力学稳定性的高能材料, 本文设计了15个硝基尿酸化合物, 运用密度泛函理论, 对其性质进行了研究. 通过半经验的K-J方程和比冲量预测了其爆炸性能, 结果表明, 所设计分子的爆热、 分子密度、 爆炸速率和爆炸压强同硝基取代基数目之间存在较强的线性关系. 三硝基尿酸和四硝基尿酸衍生物的爆炸速率超过了8.0 km/s, 爆炸压强超过了30 GPa, 并且大多数衍生物的比冲量要高于目前经常使用的炸药黑索金. 通过计算N—NO2键的解离能、 特征落高、 分子的自由空间预判了衍生物的稳定性和撞击感度, 结果显示, 绝大多数分子有大于80 kJ/mol的键解离能. 本文的理论结果可以为实验上设计合成新的高能材料提供一些有用的信息. 相似文献
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用微热量计对亚甲基蓝与溴酸根在水中的氧化还原反应进行了热动力学研究.根据在微量热计上测得的数据和算得该反应的热力学参数(活化焓、活化熵及活化自由能)、数率常数和动力学参数(活化能、指前因子及反应级数),对此反应的机理也作了探讨. 相似文献
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3,3-二(二氟氨基)-1,5-二硝酸酯基戊烷是一种高能低玻璃化转变温度的含能增塑剂.为了获得更多此类结构的新型二氟氨基含能化合物,设计了一系列3,3-二(二氟氨基)-1,5-取代戊烷衍生物作为新型含能增塑剂的候选品种.采用泛函密度理论(DFT)法研究了生成热、电子结构、能量特性和热稳定性.二氟氨基基团能增加标题化合物之间电子结构、密度和爆轰性质的能隙.特别是1,3,3,5-四(二氟氨基)戊烷(S3)具有作为潜在含能增塑剂的显著价值.其晶体密度(1.91g/cm3)、爆速(9.01 km/s)、爆压(37.31 GPa)和冲击灵敏度(h_(50) 29.83 cm)均与奥克托今(HMX)非常接近.此外, S_3可以通过一些成熟的过程5步合成得到. 相似文献
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三、四唑高能离子盐的研究概况 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为满足火炸药等领域对多功能含能材料的需求,高生成焓、高密度、钝感、稳定和环境友好的三、四唑高能离子盐的研究受到广泛关注。 本文综述了10年来三唑和四唑高能离子盐的合成及性能研究概况,为含能离子盐的研究提供参考。 相似文献
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Combining the Advantages of Tetrazoles and 1,2,3‐Triazoles: 4,5‐Bis(tetrazol‐5‐yl)‐1,2,3‐triazole, 4,5‐Bis(1‐hydroxytetrazol‐5‐yl)‐1,2,3‐triazole,and their Energetic Derivatives
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Dr. Alexander A. Dippold Dr. Dániel Izsák Prof. Dr. Thomas M. Klapötke Carolin Pflüger 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,22(5):1768-1778
In the development of new energetic materials, the main challenge is the combination of high energy content with chemical and mechanical stability, two properties that are often contradictory. In this study, the syntheses and comprehensive characterizations of 4,5‐bis(tetrazole‐5‐yl)‐1,2,3‐triazole and the novel 4,5‐bis(1‐hydroxytetrazole‐5‐yl)‐1,2,3‐triazole, as well as their energetic properties, are presented, combining the advantages of the more energetic tetrazole and the more stable 1,2,3‐triazole rings. Nitrogen‐rich salts of both compounds were synthesized to investigate their detonation performances and combustion behavior calculated by computer codes for potential application in erosion‐reduced gun propellant mixtures due to their high nitrogen content. The structures of several of the compounds were studied by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and, especially in the case of 4,5‐bis(tetrazol‐5‐yl)‐1,2,3‐triazole, revealed the site of deprotonation. 相似文献
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Zihao Guo Prof. Qiong Yu Yucong Chen Dr. Jie Liu Tao Li Yuhuang Peng Prof. Wenbin Yi 《Chemical record (New York, N.Y.)》2023,23(9):e202300108
Molecules featuring fluorine-containing functional groups exhibit outstanding properties with high density, low sensitivity, excellent thermal stability, and good energetic performance due to the strong electron-withdrawing ability and high density of fluorine. Hence, they play a pivotal role in the field of energetic materials. In light of current theoretical and experimental reports, this review systematically focuses on three types of energetic materials possessing fluorine-containing functional groups F- and NF2- substituted trinitromethyl groups (C(NO2)2F, C(NO2)2NF2), trifluoromethyl group (CF3), and difluoroamino and pentafluorosulfone groups (NF2, SF5) and investigates the synthetic methods, physicochemical parameters, and energetic properties of each. The incorporation of fluorine-containing functional moieties is critical for the development of novel high energy density materials, and is rapidly being adopted in the design of energetic materials. 相似文献
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3,6,7‐Triamino‐[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐b][1,2,4]triazole: A Non‐toxic,High‐Performance Energetic Building Block with Excellent Stability
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Prof. Dr. Thomas M. Klapötke Philipp C. Schmid Simon Schnell Dr. Jörg Stierstorfer 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(25):9219-9228
A novel strategy for the design of energetic materials that uses fused amino‐substituted triazoles as energetic building blocks is presented. The 3,6,7‐triamino‐7H‐[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐b][1,2,4]triazolium (TATOT) motif can be incorporated into many ionic, nitrogen‐rich materials to form salts with advantages such as remarkably high stability towards physical or mechanical stimuli, excellent calculated detonation velocity, and toxicity low enough to qualify them as “green explosives”. Neutral TATOT can be synthesized in a convenient and inexpensive two‐step protocol in high yield. To demonstrate the superior properties of TATOT, 13 ionic derivatives were synthesized and their chemical‐ and physicochemical properties (e.g., sensitivities towards impact, friction and electrostatic discharge) were investigated extensively. Low toxicity was demonstrated for neutral TATOT and its nitrate salt. Both are insensitive towards impact and friction and the nitrate salt combines outstanding thermal stability (decomposition temperature=280 °C) with promising calculated energetic values. 相似文献
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Piao He Prof. Jian‐Guo Zhang Xin Yin Jin‐Ting Wu Le Wu Zun‐Ning Zhou Tong‐Lai Zhang 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,22(23):7670-7685
Energetic materials (explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics) are used extensively for both civilian and military applications and the development of such materials, particularly in the case of energetic salts, is subject to continuous research efforts all over the world. This Review concerns recent advances in the syntheses, properties, and potential applications of ionic salts based on tetrazole N‐oxide. Most of these salts exhibit excellent characteristics and can be classified as a new family of highly energetic materials with increased density and performance, alongside decreased mechanical sensitivity. Additionally, novel tetrazole N‐oxide salts are proposed based on a diverse array of functional groups and ions pairs, which may be promising candidates for new energetic materials. 相似文献
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Dr. David E. Chavez Dr. Damon A. Parrish Dr. Lauren Mitchell 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(30):8666-8669
Several new energetic ethyl ethers of 1,2,4,5‐tetrazine have been synthesized. These molecules display good thermal stability, good oxygen balance, and high densities. Included in these studies are a 2,2,2‐trinitroethoxy 1,2,4,5‐tetrazine and two fluorodinitroethoxy 1,2,4,5‐tetrazines. One of these compounds was converted into the di‐N‐oxide derivative. The sensitivity of these materials towards destructive stimuli was determined, and overall the materials show promising energetic performance properties. 相似文献
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Characterization of autocatalytic decomposition reactions is important
for the safe handling and storage of energetic materials. Isothermal differential
scanning calorimetry (DSC) has been widely used to detect autocatalytic decomposition
of energetic materials. However, isothermal DSC tests are time consuming and
the choice of experimental temperature is crucial. This paper shows that an
automatic pressure tracking calorimeter (APTAC) can be a reliable and efficient
screening tool for the identification of autocatalytic decomposition behavior
of energetic materials.
Hydroxylamine nitrate (HAN) is an important
member of the hydroxylamine family. High concentrations of HAN are used as
liquid propellants, and low concentrations of HAN are used primarily in the
nuclear industry for decontamination of equipment. Because of its instability
and autocatalytic decomposition behavior, HAN has been involved in several
incidents. 相似文献
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Manoochehr Farzin Keyvan Nosratzadegan Jamshid Azarnia Mohammad Ferdosi 《Chemical Papers》2015,69(9):1211-1218
A novel polymeric ionic liquid (PIL), bearing high C-N and N-N content, potentially suitable for new safe energetic materials and catalyst supports was introduced. The PIL was prepared by way of radical co-polymerisation of 1-vinyl-3-p-nitrobenzylimidazolium bromide and 1-vinylimidazole at 80°C using azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator. The PIL thus produced was successfully transformed into NO3@PIL and N3@PIL for potential application as safe energetic materials and/or catalyst supports. The polymers were obtained in quantitative yields and were characterised by NMR, FTIR, DSC and TGA data. This study reveals the adequate thermal stability of novel salt-based nitrogen-rich polymeric ionic liquids for application as safe energetic materials and/or supports in heterogeneous catalysis. 相似文献
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Highly dense nitrogen-rich ionic compounds are potential high-performance energetic materials for use in military and industrial venues. Guanazinium salts with promising energetic anions and a family of energetic salts based on nitrogen-rich cations and the 6-nitroamino-2,4-diazido[1,3,5]triazine anion (NADAT) were prepared and fully characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The crystal structures of neutral NADAT (2) and its biguanidinium salt 5 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (2: orthorhombic, Pnma; 5: monoclinic, P2(1)). Additionally, the isomerization behavior of 2 in solution was investigated by proton-decoupled (13)C and (15)N NMR spectroscopy. All the new salts exhibit desirable physical properties, such as relatively high densities (1.63-1.78 g cm(-3)) and moderate thermal stabilities (T(d) = 130-196 °C for 3-10 and 209-257 °C for 11-15). Theoretical performance calculations (Gaussian 03 and Cheetah 5.0) gave detonation pressures and velocities for the ionic compounds 3-15 in the range of 21.0-30.3 GPa and 7675-9048 m s(-1), respectively, which makes them competitive energetic materials. 相似文献
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Ajay Kumar Chinnam Jatinder Singh Richard J. Staples Jean'ne M. Shreeve 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》2024,61(3):506-513
Nitrogen-rich energetic materials based on five-membered azoles, such as tetrazoles, triazoles, oxadiazoles, pyrazoles, and imidazoles, have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their environmental compatibility while maintaining high performance. These materials, including explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics, are designed to release energy rapidly and efficiently while minimizing the release of toxic or hazardous byproducts and have attracted potential applications in the defense and space industries. The presence of extensive N C, N N, and NN high energy bonds in azoles provides high enthalpies of formation and facilitates intermolecular interactions through π-stacking which may help with reducing sensitivity to external stimuli. Now, we report on the synthesis and energetic properties of N-(5-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)nitramide ( 5 ) and its energetic salts. These new high nitrogen–oxygen-containing materials have attractive feature applications of insensitivity and increased performance. 相似文献
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Yao Shengnan Bai Shaochuan Jin Xinghui Zhou Jianhua Hu Bingcheng 《International journal of quantum chemistry》2024,124(1):e27328
A series of bridged triazolo[4,5-d]pyridazine based energetic materials were optimized at B3LYP/6-311G(d, p) level of density functional theory (DFT), and their detonation properties and sensitivities were calculated. The results show that the NN bridge/ N3 group were beneficial to improve values of heats of formation while NN bridge/ C(NO2)3 group can improve detonation properties remarkably. In view of the sensitivities, compound F2 possesses the minimum values of impact sensitivity which reveals that NHNH bridge/ C(NO2)3 group will decrease the stability of the designed compounds. Take both of detonation properties and sensitivities into consideration, compounds C8, E7, E8, F8 were screened as candidates of potential energetic materials since these compounds possess similar detonation properties and sensitivities values to those of RDX. All the calculated results were except to shine lights on the design and synthesis of novel high energy density materials. 相似文献