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1.
交联酶聚体(CLEA)是一种新型的无载体固定化技术. 以胰蛋白酶为模型体系, 系统地研究了CLEA技术的制备工艺、应用条件、稳定性及结构形貌. (1)在制备工艺中考察了各步骤对CLEA酶活保留的影响, 重点分析了沉淀剂浓度、类型的影响, 结果表明100%乙醇是较为理想的沉淀剂; (2)在应用条件确定中测定CLEA的最适催化温度为70 ℃, 最适催化pH为9.0, 并解释了温度-活性、pH-活性曲线的漂移现象; (3)稳定性研究结果表明CLEA技术大幅提高了胰蛋白酶的热稳定性、溶剂稳定性, 且无酶泄漏; (4)在形貌表征中分别利用扫描电子显微镜、光学显微镜和激光粒度分析对CLEA的微观结构进行了多尺度研究, 着重讨论了其独特结构与优良特性间的关系. 本文所得结论为胰蛋白酶CLEA的应用提供基础数据, 并为CLEA技术应用于其它酶种提供参考. 相似文献
2.
亲水性交联聚合物载体的合成及其固定化青霉素酰化酶 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
选用含环氧基团的甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)和亲水性的N-乙烯吡咯烷酮(NVP)单体,以N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBAA)为交联剂,甲酰胺作致孔剂,通过反相悬浮聚合技术成功合成了一系列大孔、珠状GMA-NVP-MBAA三元共聚物载体.N-乙烯吡咯烷酮介入共聚物体系,使共聚物载体具有较强的亲水性,有利于青霉素酰化酶的固定化.通过调节交联剂的用量和单体NVP与GMA的比例,可以调节共聚物载体的孔结构与表面性能.用合成的平均孔径为15.7nm、表面环氧基含量1.11mmol·g-1亲水性珠状载体固定青霉素酰化酶,固定化酶水解青霉素G钾盐的活性达491U·g-1;在4℃保存30d,活性保持不变.经4次使用后活性达到稳定(444U·g-1),再经14次使用后,活性没有明显变化. 相似文献
3.
交联酶聚体(CLEAs)是一类新型的固定化酶技术,具有制备简单、酶活回收率高、操作和保存稳定性强等优点。近年来,CLEAs技术与材料学、印迹工程、介质工程、反应工程学等相结合取得了一系列新进展,包括载体固定化CLEAs、包埋CLEAs、印迹法CLEAs、多酶CLEAs、CLEAs膜浆反应器等,在手性分子拆分与合成。抗生素生产等领域取得了一些成果。本文对CLEAs酶活影响因素及CLEAs技术的最新研究进展进行了分析与总结,并展望了需进一步深入开展的内容,有助于生物工程、酶工程、化学工程和材料科学等领域相关研究工作的开展。 相似文献
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木瓜蛋白酶交联聚体的制备及性质 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用交联酶聚体(CLEAs)技术制得了木瓜蛋白酶CLEAs, 优化了制备条件. 以纯乙醇为蛋白沉淀剂, 质量分数40%戊二醛为交联剂, 于4 ℃下对酶沉淀聚体交联16 h; 所得木瓜蛋白酶CLEAs的最适pH为6.0(游离酶最适pH=7.0), 最适温度范围由游离酶的80 ℃拓宽为50~80 ℃, 热稳定性和溶液稳定性亦明显提高; 微观形貌分析证明木瓜蛋白酶CLEAs优良的催化效能及稳定性来自于CLEAs单元所具有的高比表面积及单元内部多点共价固定的结合方式. 相似文献
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聚丙烯酸载体用于青霉素酰化酶的固定 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
以反应性单体丙烯酸和交联剂二乙烯基苯,以石油醚为致孔剂,通过悬浮聚合制备固定化酶的载体,并用于对青霉素酰化酶的固定。研究了丙烯酸与二乙烯基苯以不同摩尔比对青霉素酰化酶固定活性的影响,以及悬浮聚合时水油相比例的不同所合成的载体对固定化酶性能的影响。当丙烯酸和二乙烯基苯摩尔比为84.2:4时合成的载体固定青霉素酰化酶的酶活为2784U/g,而水油相比为2.75:1(丙烯酸和二乙烯基苯摩洋比为84.2:5)时固定青霉素酰化酶活达到2183U/g。固定青霉素酰化酶可使青霉素转化,得到半合成青霉素的中间体6-氨基青霉烷酸,由此可制成高效、广谱、服用方便的新青霉素。 相似文献
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青霉素酰化酶在甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物上的固定化 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
用共价键合法将青霉素酰化酶固定化在珠状多孔的甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GM)共聚物上,研究了固定化反应时间、温度、pH值和酶液用量对固定化青霉素酰化酶的表观活性、表观偶联效率、活性回收及稳定性的影响.将GM共聚物载体加入到磷酸缓冲液(0.1mol/L,pH10.8)与青霉素酰化酶液(每克干载体用酶液1ml)的混合溶液中,在30℃下反应72h,单位质量(干重)固定化酶的表观活性为348U/g,表观偶联效率为66.7%,活性回收为31.7%. 相似文献
8.
不同介孔材料固定青霉素酰化酶的稳定性研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
介孔材料由于具有在2~30nm之间可调的纳米级规则孔道、大比表面积和强吸附性能而成为固定化酶的优良载体.将酶固定于介孔材料的孔道中制备成的固定化酶与溶液酶相比,有易于与产物分离,并可回收和反复使用,可降低生产成本,减少酶的自水解和保持酶的活性.青霉素酰化酶(Penicillin acylase,PGA,EC.3.5.1.11)又称为青霉素酰胺酶或青霉素氨基水解酶,该酶属于球蛋白,分子量较大,由2个亚基组成:分子量为19500的含有侧链结合位点的亚基和分子量为60000的含有催化位点的亚基. 相似文献
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The use of very high substrate concentrations favors the kinetically controlled synthesis of cephalexin with penicillin acylase
(PA) not only by Michaelian considerations, but also because water activity is depressed, so reducing the rates of the competing
reactions of product and acyl donor hydrolysis. Commercial PGA-450, glyoxyl agarose immobilized (PAIGA) and carrier-free cross-linked
enzyme aggregates of penicillin acylase (PACLEA) were tested in aqueous media at concentrations close to the solubility of
nucleophile and at previously determined enzyme to nucleophile and acid donor to nucleophile ratios. The best temperature
and pH were determined for each biocatalyst based on an objective function considering conversion yield, productivity, and
enzyme stability as evaluation parameters. Stability was higher with PAIGA and specific productivity higher with PACLEA, but
best results based on such objective function were obtained with PGA-450. Yields were stoichiometric and productivities higher
than those previously reported in organic medium, which implies significant savings in terms of costs and environmental protection.
At the optimum conditions for the selected biocatalyst, operational stability was determined in sequential batch reactor operation.
The experimental information gathered is being used for a technical and economic evaluation of an industrial process for enzymatic
production of cephalexin in aqueous medium. 相似文献
12.
制备了交联血管紧张素转化酶聚集体(ACE-CLEAs),比较了ACE-CLEAs及游离ACE的酶学性质,包括最适酶促反应温度、最适pH值、Km、vmax、温度稳定性及pH稳定性等。 以酶活力回收率为参考,确定了制备ACE-CLEAs的最佳条件为:饱和度为80%的(NH4)2SO4溶液作为沉淀剂,沉淀时间0.5 h,质量分数为0.02%的戊二醛作为交联剂,交联时间1 h。 通过比较酶学性质发现,ACE-CLEAs比游离ACE具有更好的温度稳定性及pH稳定性,且与游离ACE接近的Km值表明,ACE-CLEAs对底物的亲和力与游离酶几乎相当。 相似文献
13.
固定化青霉素酰化酶新型载体PEI/SiO2的制备及其特性 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
通过γ-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷的媒介, 将聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)化学偶联在硅胶微粒表面, 制备了固定化青霉素酰化酶的新型复合载体PEI/SiO2, 最终制得了活性高且稳定性好的固定化青霉素酰化酶. 通过测定复合载体表面PEI的偶合量, 考察了各种反应条件对复合载体制备的影响规律; 通过红外光谱与电导滴定法测定, 对复合载体表面的化学结构与组成进行了表征; 为探索复合载体PEI/SiO2固定化酶的作用机理, 测定了复合载体在固定化酶前的ζ电位. 研究结果表明, 通过氯丙基硅烷偶联剂的媒介, 聚胺大分子PEI可以充分地被化学偶联在SiO2表面, 键合量可达到15%. 偶联反应的适宜条件: 反应温度90-94 ℃; 反应时间5h; PEI的质量浓度0.45-0.50 g/mL. 由于PEI分子链中含有大量氨基, 少量的共价键联与大量的物理吸附相结合, 既可使青霉素酰化酶被快速稳定地固定化, 又能很好地保持酶的构象, 使其具有较高的催化活性与活力回收率, 而且具有良好的连续操作稳定性, 重复使用15次, 固定化酶的活性可稳定地保持在初活性的87.5%水平上. 相似文献
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将交联酶聚集体(CLEAs)与仿生硅化技术相结合,制备了交联脂肪酶Candidasp.99-125杂化生物催化剂.以京尼平为交联剂,在最佳条件下制得的脂肪酶CLEAs的酶活达771U/g,回收率达75%;保护剂聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)与Candidasp.99-125脂肪酶共沉淀制备P/CLEAs,其酶活达897U/g,回收率约88%;利用PEI的诱导作用,在P/CLEAs表面形成氧化硅涂层,制得的脂肪酶CLEAs(Coated-CLEAs)显示出良好的稳定性,特别是其抗蛋白酶水解能力、有机溶剂耐受能力、重复使用性能等方面明显提高. 相似文献
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Kumar A Singh S Poddar P Prabhune A Pundle A 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2009,157(3):463-472
Penicillin V acylase (PVA) is a pharmaceutically important enzyme as it plays a vital role in the manufacture of semi-synthetic
β-lactam antibiotics. Rhodotorula aurantiaca (NCIM 3425) produced high levels of intracellular penicillin V acylase after 18 h at pH 8.0 and temperature 27 °C. Fructose
was the best carbon source for PVA production, whereas tryptone was the best nitrogen source to produce the enzyme up to 170
and 1,088 IU/l of culture, respectively. Additionally, the cell-bound PVA activity was enhanced on treatment with cationic
detergent. Whole-cell activity was found to be doubled (204%) on treatment of 0.01 g dry weight of cells with 50 μg/ml solution
of N-cetyl-N,N,N-trimethylammoniumbromide at pH 8.0 for 1 h at room temperature. Atomic force microscopy images of permeabilized cells show
perturbation in the cell wall and offer first-ever visual illustration of surface structure modifications that occur during
permeabilization of R. aurantiaca cells leading to enhancement in activity of intracellular enzyme. 相似文献
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Comparative Study of Substrate- and Stereospecificity of Penicillin G Amidases from Different Sources and Hybrid Isoenzymes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Boris Galunsky Karsten Lummer Volker Kasche 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》2000,131(6):623-632
Summary. Four natural pencillin G amidase variants from different sources and two genetically constructed hybrid enzymes were produced
and purified to homogeneity. The specificity constants of one enzyme (E. coli) were found to differ six orders of magnitude for hydrolytic transformations within a wide range of substrates. The substrate
specificity of the homologous penicillin amidases was found to differ less than one order of magnitude for hydrolysis of the
most specific and up to two orders of magnitude for the less specific substrates. The -substrate specificity in hydrolytic and transfer reactions (studied mainly with the E. coli enzyme) varied more than three orders of magnitude for the different substrates. The penicillin amidases were found to be
R-specific in the S
1-binding site and S-specific in the -binding site. The S
1-stereoselectivity differs less than one order of magnitude for the different variants. The -stereoselectivity is more pronounced, increases with nucleophile specificity, and was found to differ up to three orders
of magnitude in transfer reactions for the enzyme from E. coli. The observed variation of enatioselectivity for different penicillin amidases and one substrate can also be achieved by changes
in temperature. Comparison of substrate- and stereospecificity of penicillin amidases from different sources and hybrid isoenzymes
suggests that similar changes can be expected for enzyme variants derived by rational protein design or directed evolution.
Received December 20, 1999. Accepted (revised) February 4, 2000 相似文献
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以不稳定的Cu-金属有机骨架(Cu-MOF)为模板剂, 利用自组装模板法制备多级孔Zr-MOF, 再通过物理吸附法在多级孔Zr-MOF的介孔孔道中负载辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)构筑了HRP@Zr-MOF固定化酶反应器. 通过改变孔径调节剂苯甲酸(HBC)的浓度调控孔径大小, 研究了孔径对固定化酶反应器催化活性的影响; 考察了固定化体系缓冲溶液pH值、 固定化时间及温度对固定效果的影响. 以HRP催化降解结晶紫染料为模型反应, 探讨了HRP@Zr-MOF的操作稳定性和重复使用性. 结果表明, pH=3.0、 固定化时间为60 min、 固定化温度为30 ℃是固定化HRP的最佳条件, 固载量最高可达61.6 mg/g. 与游离酶相比, HRP@Zr-MOF固定化酶反应器表现出更好的热稳定性、 酸碱稳定性、 H2O2稳定性和储存稳定性; 重复使用10次后, HRP@Zr-MOF的催化活性仍能保持62.3%. 将HRP@Zr-MOF应用于实际水样中结晶紫染料的催化降解, 在5 min内降解率高达90%以上, 表现出非常高效的催化效率. 相似文献