共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
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α,β-不饱和醇是药物和香料等精细化学品合成的重要中间体.在工业上将α,β-不饱和醛与强还原剂如Na BH4等反应后可合成对应的不饱和醇,但该方法易导致环境污染等问题.α,β-不饱和醛选择性加氢制备α,β-不饱和醇是原子经济反应,符合绿色化学要求.但α,β-不饱和醛分子中含有共轭的C=C键和C=O键,在热力学和动力学上皆倾向于C=C键的加氢生成饱和醛,导致α,β-不饱和醇的选择性较低.因此提高α,β-不饱和醛中C=O的加氢选择性具有挑战性.巴豆醛属于典型的α,β–不饱和醛,其选择性加氢生成巴豆醇常作为模型反应用于研究催化剂构效关系.近年来,通过胶体方法制备配体保护的金属纳米颗粒在选择性加氢反应中表现出较好的选择性,可归因于配体产生的立体效应和电子效应等因素,但配体的存在往往抑制反应物在活性金属表面的吸附,从而导致反应活性下降.因此,如何克服活性-选择性的“跷跷板”瓶颈具有重要意义.本文以十四烷基三甲基溴化铵(TTAB)为保护剂,采用胶体法合成了Ir纳米颗粒,并将其负载在载体六方氮化硼上,获得一系列通过不同焙烧温度的催化剂,通过各种表征手段研究了催化剂结构和表面性质,并考察其在巴豆醛气相... 相似文献
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不饱和醛的选择性加氢作为一类重要的精细化学品加工转化过程,在香精香料、药物食品生产、农产品加工等领域具有广泛应用。但是目前所应用催化剂的反应活性仍有待提高,需对催化剂进行进一步调控。本文总结了提高催化剂加氢选择性的三种策略,包括:改变金属活性位点的电子性质、增强金属活性位点与亲电位点之间的协同作用和利用结构效应来改变催化剂对于C=O键或C=C键的吸附能力和加氢活性。概括了氢源种类、反应溶剂、反应温度和氢气压力等反应条件对催化性能的影响。并归纳了不饱和醛选择性加氢有关的密度泛函理论计算、反应的动力学模型及反应中的构效关系。最后,讨论了不饱和醛选择性加氢催化剂面临的问题和挑战,并提出了可行的解决方案。 相似文献
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聚乙二醇单(乙烯基苄基)醚(PEG-VBE)和聚乙二醇二(乙烯基苄基)醚(PEG-DVBE)是重要的可聚合聚乙二醇衍生物,可用于催化剂载体及功能高分子的合成。本文以氢氧化钾为碱,乙烯基苄基氯(VBC)与乙二醇、一缩二乙二醇、二缩三乙二醇、PEG400、PEG600和PEG1500反应,高效合成了一系列乙烯基苄基聚乙二醇衍生物,乙烯基苄基氯的转化率可达96%以上,PEG-VBE的分离收率为32 ~ 93%。乙烯基衍生物在过硫酸钾引发下聚合得到水溶性高分子,产物经1H NMR、ESI-HRMS及FT-IR分析表征。以制备的水溶性PEG基聚合物为微反应器,研究了苯甲酸与甲醇的酯化反应,PEG基聚合物与硫酸的体系对酯化反应具有很好地催化活性。在优化的条件下,苯甲酸的转化率可达99%以上,催化体系循环5次后,催化活性几乎没有下降 相似文献
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三苄基氯化锡最初用格氏法制得。Keiti等曾报道由锡和苄基氯直接制备,这时溶剂对反应的影响很大:用水作溶剂时得到三苄基锡;用甲苯作溶剂时得到二苄基二氯化锡;用正丁醇作溶剂时三苄基氯化锡的产率只有61%。在反应体系中加入KI、KBr或H_3PO_4等催化剂,三苄基氯化锡的产率也只有60%。本文用DMF作溶剂,AlCl_3-I_2作催化剂,并首次在反应体系中加入镁、锌、铝和钠等使副产物氯化亚锡还原成活性很高的金属锡,后者再与等基氯反应,可使三苄基氯化锡的产率提高到91.3%。文中还报导三种尚 相似文献
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在Ni-Al合金粉上浸渍硝酸铜溶液,经不同温度焙烧得到Cu改性Ni-Al合金粉,采用质量分数10%NaOH溶液浸渍上述改性合金粉得Cu/Raney-Ni催化剂。采用EDX、XRD、N_2吸附-脱附、TEM和NH_3-TPD等手段表征了Ni-Al合金粉及相应Raney-Ni催化剂的元素含量、晶体结构、孔结构特征、表面形貌和表面酸碱性,并以1,4-丁烯二醇加氢制1,4-丁二醇为探针反应,考察了焙烧温度对Raney-Ni催化剂加氢性能的影响。表征分析表明,焙烧温度500℃所制备的CRT500催化剂比表面积较大,为64.96m~2/g;弱酸中心比例较高,达81.2%。结果表明,焙烧温度升高,BED可实现完全转化,BDO选择性和收率均先升高后降低。其中,CRT500加氢性能较好,BED转化率为100.00%,BDO选择性为61.88%。进一步升高焙烧温度,催化剂RCT550和RCT600的BDO选择性和收率反而降低,这是由于高温下催化剂易发生团聚或烧结。结合催化剂表征可知,CRT500具有较好的加氢性能,这与该催化剂具有合适的Ni/Al物质的量比(3.84)、弱酸中心所占比例较大和活性组分Ni分散性好等因素有较大关联。 相似文献
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V. V. Stonkus Zh. G. Yuskovets M. V. Shimanskaya 《Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds》1990,26(11):1214-1218
The hydrogenation of 5-methylfurfural in the vapor and liquid phases was studied in the presence of catalysts: Pd/C (KDF), Pd/Al3O3, copper-chromite (GIPKh-105) and Raney-Ni. The chief characteristics of the conversion of the aldehyde group of 5-methylfurfural depending on the nature of the catalyst and the reaction conditions were established. The greater reactivity of 5-methylfurfural in the hydrogenation reaction, compared with furfural, was revealed.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1460–1464, November, 1990. 相似文献
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Bao-De Ma Sheng-Hua Du Yu Wang Xiao-Ming Ou Ming-Zhi Huang Li-Xin Wang Xiao-Guang Wang 《Tetrahedron: Asymmetry》2017,28(1):47-53
5-Aryl substituted chiral hydantoin derivatives were synthesized via asymmetric hydrogenation of prochiral exocyclic alkenes using a Pd/BINAP catalyst. Moderate to good enantioselectivity were obtained (21–90% ee). A chiral Brönsted acid additive was found to be a key factor to obtain high enantioselectivity. 相似文献
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Horikoshi S Tsuzuki J Sakai F Kajitani M Serpone N 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2008,(37):4501-4503
The Urushibara Ni (U-Ni) hydrogenation catalyst and some modified forms, and for comparison Raney-Ni, were subjected to conventional (oil bath) and MW heating, and subsequently characterized by electron dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), by BET surface area, and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); yields of the catalyzed hydrogenation of acetophenone to 1-phenylethanol in 2-propanol by one of the modified forms (U-Ni-B) were greatly improved (from 68% to 95%). 相似文献
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R. Saxena 《Tetrahedron》2004,60(45):10311-10320
Results of the catalytic hydrogenation of Baylis-Hillman adducts obtained from substituted 3-, 4- and 5-isoxazolecarbox-aldehydes and their corresponding acetates in the presence of Raney-Ni and Pd-C are presented. The hydrogenation of Baylis-Hillman adducts of substituted 5-isoxazolecarbaldehydes and 3-isoxazolecarbaldehydes in the presence of Raney-Ni furnishes diastereoselectively syn enaminones over anti and in the presence of boric acid as an additive further enhancement of diastereoselectivity in favor of syn isomer is observed. The Pd-C-promoted hydrogenation of these substrates is also diastereoselective in favor of syn isomer but occurs without the hydrogenolysis of isoxazole-ring. The presence of boric acid as an additive in this hydrogenation exhibits no pronounced effect on diastereoselectivity. The Raney-Ni-mediated hydrogenation of Baylis-Hillman adducts of substituted 4-isoxazolecarbaldehydes yield pyridone derivatives and Pd-C-promoted hydrogenation of the same substrate is diastereoselective to afford the anti isomer of the resulting products. The enaminones derived from Baylis-Hillman adducts of 3- and 5-isoxazolecarbaldehydes serve as versatile precursors for α′-hydroxy-1,3-diketones, which undergo acid-catalyzed ring-closure reaction to afford the furanone derivatives in excellent yields. 相似文献
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Condensation of 2.4.5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde with hydantoin followed by catalytic hydrogenation gave 5-(2.4.5-trimethoxybenzyl)-hydantoin, which was converted to 3-amino-3.4-dihydro-6.7-dihydroxycoumarin by treatment with hydrobromic acid. Hydrolysis of the lactone led to 3-(2.4.5-trihydroxyphenyl)-DL -alanine. 相似文献