The Coset Group and Com ove Group

§１．　ＢａｓｉｃＤｅｆｉｎｉｔｉｏｎｓＬｅｔＸａｎｄＹｂｅｓｅｔｓ，ｆｏｒａｇｉｖｉｎｇｍａｐｐｉｎｇｆ：Ｘ→Ｙ，ｘ｜→ｙ＝ｆ（ｘ），ａｍａｐｐｉｎｇｆｏｎｐｏｗｅｒｓｅｔｃａｎｂｅｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｅｄｂｙｆ：ｆ：Ｐ（Ｘ）→Ｐ（Ｙ），Ａ｜→Ｂ＝ｆ（Ａ）＝｛ｙ｜ｘ∈Ａ，ｙ＝ｆ（ｘ）｝．　　Ｎｏｔｅｔｈａｔａｂｉｎａｒｙｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎｉｓａｓｐｅｃｉａｌｍａｐｐｉｎｇｏｎｓｅｔｓ．ＧｉｖｅｎａｂｉｎａｒｙｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎｏｎｓｅｔＸｓｕｃｈｔｈａｔ：：Ｘ×Ｘ→Ｘ，　（ｘ，ｙ）｜→ｘ…     

Group Boolean algebras

ＧｒｏｕｐＢｏｏｌｅａｎＡｌｇｅｂｒａｓＷ．Ｂ．ＶａｅａｎｔｈａＫａｎｄａｓａｍｇ（Ｄｅｐｔ．ｏｆＭａｔｈ．，ＩｎｄｉａｎＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ，Ｉｎｄｉａ）ＧｒｏｕｐＢｏｏｌｅａｎＡｌｇｅｂｒａｓ／Ｗ．Ｂ．ＶａｅａｎｔｈａＫａｎ...     

Group Graded Gamma Rings

ＧｒｏｕｐＧｒａｄｅｄＧａｍｍａＲｉｎｇｓＦａｎＦｕｓｈｅｎｇ（樊复生）（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＭａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃｓ，ＮｏｒｔｈｅａｓｔｅｒｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｓｈｅｎｙａｎｇ，１１０００６）ＧｕｏＬｉｎｇｚｈｏｎｇ（郭令忠）（Ｄｅｐａｒｔｍ...     

∗-Prime Group Algebras

An associative algebra R over a field K is said to be right ?-prime if for every nonzero r ? R, there exists a finitely generated subalgebra S of R such that rSt = 0 implies t = 0. Clearly, strongly prime implies ?-prime and ?-prime implies prime. A large number of examples of group algebras are given which show that the concept of ?-prime lies strictly between prime and strongly prime. A complete characterization of ?-prime group algebras is given. It is proved that a group algebra KG of the group G over the field K is ?-prime if and only if Λ⁺(G) = (1). Intersection theorems play an important role in the study. In the process, a new intersection theorem for ?-prime group algebras is obtained. Elementwise characterization of the ?-prime radical is given and its relation with some well-known radicals is discussed.     

Ricci Curvature and Fundamental Group

By refined volume estimates in terms of Ricci curvature, the two results due to J. Milnor (1968) are generalized.     

L-fuzzy Group (Ⅱ)

Ｌ－ｆｕｚｚｙＧｒｏｕｐ（Ⅱ）￥ＪｉａｎｇＢａｏｑｉｎｇ；ＳｕｎＲｏｎｇｇｕａｎｇ（ＨｅｎａｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｋａｉｆｅｎｇ，４７５００１）（ＨｅｎａｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｋａｉｆｅｎｇ，４７５００１）Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：Ｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｉｓ...     

The Riordan–Dirichlet Group

Mathematical Notes - Riordan matrices are infinite lower triangular matrices corresponing to certain operators in the space of formal power series. In the paper, we introduce analogous matrices for...     

Sem ilinear Equationswith CriticalExponentsonthe Heisenberg Group

§１．　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＬｅｔΩｂｅａｂｏｕｎｄｅｄｓｍｏｏｔｈｄｏｍａｉｎｉｎｔｈｅＨｅｉｓｅｎｂｅｒｇｇｒｏｕｐＨｎ，ｗｅａｒｅｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｏｆｓｅｍｉｌｉｎｅａｒｓｕｂｅｌｌｉｐｔｉｃＬａｐｌａｃｅｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎ－ΔＨｎｕ＝ｕｐ＋ｆ（ｘ，ｕ），ｉｎΩ，ｕ＞０，　　　　ｉｎΩ，（１．１）ｕ＝０，　　　　ｏｎΩ，ｗｈｅｒｅｐｉｓａｒｅａｌｎｕｍｂｅｒ，ｆ（ｘ，ｙ）ｓａｔｉｓｆｉｅｓｓｕｉｔａｂｌｅａｓｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎｓ（ｓｅｅｂｅｌｏｗｓｅｃｔｉｏ…     

Multiplicative Jordan Decomposition in Integral Group Ring of Group K_8×C_5

In this article,we present the multiplicative Jordan decomposition in integral group ring of group K8 × C5,where K8 is the quaternion group of order 8.Thus,we give a positive answer to the question raised by Hales A W,Passi I B S and Wilson L E in the paper "The multiplicative Jordan decomposition in group rings II.     

Σ-Uniform structures and Σ-functions. II

We construct a family of Σ-uniform Abelian groups and a family of Σ-uniform rings. Conditions are specified that are necessary and sufficient for a universal Σ-function to exist in a hereditarily finite admissible set over structures in these families. It is proved that there is a set S of primes such that no universal Σ-function exists in hereditarily finite admissible sets \mathbbH\mathbbF(G) \mathbb{H}\mathbb{F}(G) and \mathbbH\mathbbF(K) \mathbb{H}\mathbb{F}(K) , where G = ⊕{Z _p | p ∈ S} is a group, Z _p is a cyclic group of order p, K = ⊕{F _p | p ∈ S} is a ring, and F _p is a prime field of characteristic p.     

Motivic equivalence of quadratic forms. II

Let F be a field of characteristic ≠2 and φ be a quadratic form over F. By X _φ we denote the projective variety given by the equation φ=0. For each positive even integer d≥8 (except for d=12) we construct a field F and a pair φ, ψ of anisotropic d-dimensional forms over F such that the Chow motives of X _φ and X _ψ coincide but . For a pair of anisotropic (2 ^{n -1})-dimensional quadrics X and Y, we prove that existence of a rational morphism Y→X is equivalent to existence of a rational morphism Y→X. Received: 27 September 1999 / Revised version: 27 December 1999     

Pseudo-dimension and entropy of manifolds formed by affine-invariant dictionary

We consider the manifolds H _n(φ) formed by all possible linear combinations of n functions from the set {φ(A⋅+b)}, where x→Ax+b is arbitrary affine mapping in the space ℝ^d. For example, neural networks and radial basis functions are the manifolds of type H _n(φ). We obtain estimates for pseudo-dimension of the manifold H _n(φ) for wide collection of the generator function φ. The estimates have the order O(d ² n) in degree scale, that is the order is proportional to number of parameters of the manifold H _n(φ). Moreover the estimates for ɛ-entropy of the manifold H _n(φ) are obtained. Mathematics subject classifications (2000) 41A46, 41A50, 42A61, 42C10 V. Maiorov: Supported by the Center for Absorption in Science, Ministry of Immigrant Absorption, State of Israel.     

Lipschitz algebras and peripherally-multiplicative maps

Let X be a compact metric space and let Lip（X） be the Banach algebra of all scalar- valued Lipschitz functions on X, endowed with a natural norm. For each f ∈ Lip（X）, σπ（f） denotes the peripheral spectrum of f. We state that any map Φ from Lip（X） onto Lip（Y） which preserves multiplicatively the peripheral spectrum：
σπ（Φ（f）Φ（g）） = σπ（fg）, A↓f, g ∈ Lip（X）
is a weighted composition operator of the form Φ（f） = τ· （f °φ） for all f ∈ Lip（X）, where τ ： Y → {-1, 1} is a Lipschitz function and φ ： Y→ X is a Lipschitz homeomorphism. As a consequence of this result, any multiplicatively spectrum-preserving surjective map between Lip（X）-algebras is of the form above.     

Proprietes generiques de processus croises

LetS _φ be the skew product transformation(x, g)↦(Sx, gφ(x)) defined on Ω×G, where Ω is a compact metric space,G a compact metric group with its Haar measureh. IfS is a μ-continuous transformation where μ is a Borel measure on Ω, ergodic with respect toS, we study the setE ₀ of μ-continuous applications φ:Ω→G such that μ⩀h is ergodic (with respect toS _φ). For example,E ₀ is residual in the group of μ-continuous applications from Ω toG with the uniform convergence topology. We also study the weakly mixing case. Some arithmetic applications are given.     

On linear selections of convex set-valued maps

We study continuous subadditive set-valued maps taking points of a linear space X to convex compact subsets of a linear space Y. The subadditivity means that φ(x ₁ + x ₂) ⊂ φ(x ₁) + φ(x ₂). We characterize all pairs of locally convex spaces (X, Y) for which any such map has a linear selection, i.e., there exists a linear operator A: X → Y such that Ax ∈ φ(x), x ∈ X. The existence of linear selections for a class of subadditive maps generated by differences of a continuous function is proved. This result is applied to the Lipschitz stability problem for linear operators in Banach spaces.     

On the asymptotic maximal density of a set avoiding solutions to linear equations modulo a prime

Given a finite family F\mathcal{F} of linear forms with integer coefficients, and a compact abelian group G, an F\mathcal{F}-free set in G is a measurable set which does not contain solutions to any equation L(x)=0 for L in F\mathcal{F}. We denote by d_F(G)d_{\mathcal{F}}(G) the supremum of μ(A) over F\mathcal{F}-free sets A⊂G, where μ is the normalized Haar measure on G. Our main result is that, for any such collection F\mathcal{F} of forms in at least three variables, the sequence d_F(\mathbb Z_p)d_{\mathcal{F}}({\mathbb {Z}}_{p}) converges to d_F(\mathbb R/\mathbb Z)d_{\mathcal{F}}({\mathbb {R}}/{\mathbb {Z}}) as p→∞ over primes. This answers an analogue for ℤ _p of a question that Ruzsa raised about sets of integers.     

Expansion in SLd(Z/qZ), q arbitrary

Let S be a fixed finite symmetric subset of SL _d (Z), and assume that it generates a Zariski-dense subgroup G. We show that the Cayley graphs of π _q (G) with respect to the generating set π _q (S) form a family of expanders, where π _q is the projection map Z→Z/q Z.     

A structure theorem for boundary-transitive graphs with infinitely many ends

We prove a structure theorem for locally finite connected graphsX with infinitely many ends admitting a non-compact group of automorphisms which is transitive in its action on the space of ends, Ω _X . For such a graphX, there is a uniquely determined biregular treeT (with both valencies finite), a continuous representationφ : Aut(X) → Aut(T) with compact kernel, an equivariant homeomorphism λ : Ω _X → Ω _T , and an equivariant map τ : Vert(X) → Vert(T) with finite fibers. Boundary-transitive trees are described, and some methods of constructing boundary-transitive graphs are discussed, as well as some examples.     

The 1-Lipschitz mapping between the unit spheres of two Hilbert spaces can be extended to a real linear isometry of the whole space

LetE andF be Hilbert spaces with unit spheresS ₁(E) andS ₁(F). Suppose thatV ₀ S₁(E) →S ₁(F) is a Lipschitz mapping with Lipschitz constantk=1 such that −V ₀[S ₁(E)] ⊂V ₀[S ₁(E)]. Then V₀ can be extended to a real linear isometric mappingV fromE intoF. In particular, every isometric mapping fromS ₁(E) ontoS ₁(F) can be extended to a real linear isometric mapping fromE ontoF.