维拉帕米作用下急性心梗大鼠比较蛋白质组学研究

以急性心梗大鼠为研究对象, 应用双向凝胶电泳法(2-DE)分析比较了维拉帕米作用下急性心梗大鼠心肌蛋白表达的差异, 从蛋白质水平探讨了维拉帕米心肌保护作用的发生机制. 结果表明, 与假手术组及模型组相比, 维拉帕米给药组心肌组织中有8个蛋白点表达显著上调, 7个蛋白点表达显著下调. 采用质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)分析结合数据库检索, 共鉴定了其中的15种蛋白质, 可按功能分为如下4类: (1) 能量代谢及线粒体功能相关蛋白; (2) 氧化应激相关蛋白; (3) 细胞骨架蛋白; (4) 其它蛋白. 研究结果表明, 维拉帕米的心肌保护作用与恢复心肌损伤过程中的能量供应及对抗氧化应激等作用有关.     

17-β-雌二醇对心肌缺氧/复氧NF-κB及ICAM-1和VCAM-1表达的影响

利用乳鼠原代培养心肌细胞建立缺氧/复氧模型, 采用流式细胞术、Western blot、RT-PCR及Elisa等方法, 研究了17-β-雌二醇对缺氧/复氧诱导的ICAM-1和VCAM-1表达的影响, 分析雌激素在心肌缺氧/复氧损伤中的抗炎作用. 结果表明, 心肌缺氧/复氧使NF-κB p65活化, 雌激素对NF-κB活化有明显的抑制作用. 雌激素对NF-κB途径和对非NF-κB途径ICAM-1和VCAM-1的mRNA和蛋白表达都有抑制作用. 以上结果说明雌激素在心肌缺氧/复氧过程中的抗炎作用是通过多途径实现的.     

基于图像特征和数学形态学的蛋白质组双向电泳分析法

针对复杂样品蛋白质组分析需求, 提出一种用于双向电泳图像中蛋白质点自动识别新方法. 在根据电泳图像灰度值变化、蛋白质点大小等特征参数对蛋白质点进行预识别基础上, 引入形状特征作为区分蛋白质点和非蛋白斑点的判据, 从而将图像锐化、边缘分析和形态特征识别方法集成用于自动识别双向电泳图谱蛋白质点, 可用于非蛋白斑点干扰较严重的凝胶图像处理. 细胞、组织和血清样品蛋白质组双向电泳分析实验结果表明, 文中方法优于现有电泳图像处理软件算法, 明显降低了蛋白质点的误识率.     

17-β-雌二醇对心肌缺氧/复氧NF-κB及ICAM-1和VCAM-1表达的影响

利用乳鼠原代培养心肌细胞建立缺氧/复氧模型,采用流式细胞术、Western blot、RT-PCR及Elisa等方法,研究了17-β-雌二醇对缺氧/复氧诱导的ICAM-1和VCAM-1表达的影响,分析雌激素在心肌缺氧/复氧损伤中的抗炎作用.结果表明,心肌缺氧/复氧使NF-κB p65活化,雌激素对NF-κB活化有明显的抑制作用.雌激素对NF-κB途径和对非NF-κB途径ICAM-1和VCAM-1的mRNA和蛋白表达都有抑制作用.以上结果说明雌激素在心肌缺氧/复氧过程中的抗炎作用是通过多途径实现的.     

牛磺酸对大乳鼠心肌细胞抗氧化作用的荧光免疫化学分析

应用免疫和化学分析方法探讨牛磺酸(Taurine,Tau)对原代培养的新生大乳鼠心肌细胞的保护作用,为心血管疾病的治疗提供理论依据.将原代培养的乳鼠心肌细胞随机分为对照组、过氧化氢(H2O2)损伤模型组以及H2O2损伤加药物治疗组.预先12h给予Tau治疗药物后,使用H2O2损伤心肌细胞4h,在倒置显微镜观察Tau对心肌细胞形态学的影响,3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2Y-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐(3-(4,5) - Dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5- diphenytetrazoliumromide,MTT)化学分析法测定心肌细胞的存活率,化学试剂盒检测心肌细胞内超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性及丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)含量的变化,利用荧光探针DCFH DA分析检测心肌细胞中活性氧的水平.结果表明,H2 O2损伤心肌细胞4h后,Tau可使吸光度升高,并增加心肌细胞SOD活性、降低MDA含量及活性氧水平下降.由此可见,采用荧光免疫分析方法可证实Tau能减轻自由基对心肌细胞的损伤,从而达到保护心脏的作用.     

中国小型猪心肌梗死模型的比较蛋白质组学研究

利用二维电泳(2DE)分离中国小型猪心肌梗死模型的正常与梗死心肌组织的蛋白提取液, 采用 PDQuest 软件对比分析了两种心肌组织在pH=5─8范围内的2DE谱图. 正常心肌组织检出851个蛋白点, 梗死组织检出1 032个蛋白点. 发现13个蛋白质点只在小型猪的正常心肌组织中表达, 而有14个蛋白质点只在梗死心肌组织中表达. 另外, 还有49个蛋白点在两种组织中表达量上有显著性变化(P<0.05), 选择进行质谱分析其中11个蛋白点, 成功地鉴定出7种蛋白, 蛋白功能分析结果表明, 这些蛋白的差异表达与心肌梗死过程相关.     

胶内差异双向电泳-电喷雾串联质谱筛选UVB损伤皮肤细胞潜在的蛋白质靶标

联用胶内差异双向电泳(2D-DIGE)和高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(HPLC-nESI MS/MS)鉴定人角质形成细胞HaCaT应答中波紫外线(UVB)损伤的差异表达蛋白,筛选UVB影响皮肤细胞正常生理功能潜在的靶标蛋白.结果表明:UVB辐射明显影响HaCaT细胞的蛋白质表达谱,DeCyder软件在每块DIGE凝胶上...     

aFGF拮抗剂对3T3细胞蛋白质组影响的研究

六肽P₂(VYMSPF)是我室从噬菌体展示肽库中筛选出来的aFGF拮抗剂,为研究其对aFGF信号传导机制的影响,对处于4种不同生理条件下的NIH3T3细胞(正常的细胞、加P₂刺激的细胞、加aFGF+肝素刺激的细胞、加aFGF+肝素+P₂刺激的细胞)的全细胞裂解液进行双向电泳分离及软件分析.对后2种细胞的蛋白质图谱中表达差异的5个蛋白质点进行质谱分析和数据库检索.鉴定出3种表达下调的蛋白质,其中鸟苷酸结合蛋白α-11亚单位和1C-型核因子分别参与细胞内aFGF信号传导以及转录调控.这些差异点的变化为进一步研究P₂对aFGF信号传导途径的抑制作用提供了实验基础和线索     

温敏核不育系水稻株1S及其矮秆突变SV14茎的蛋白质组学比较

采用双向凝胶电泳对温敏核不育水稻株1S和其矮秆突变体SV14的茎(穗颈下第1节和第2节)蛋白进行了分离,通过银染显色,获得了分辨率和重复性较好的双向电泳图谱.选取了26个蛋白质点采用MALDI-TOF-MS进行肽质谱指纹图分析,最终有12个蛋白质点得到了可靠鉴定.其中在SV14中相对于株1S上调的仅有OSJNBa0039C07.13 蛋白,其它蛋白均表现为下调.这些差异蛋白按照功能可分为4类: (1) 能量代谢相关蛋白;(2) 次生代谢相关蛋白;(3) 调控蛋白;(4) 未知蛋白.对光合系统Ⅱ氧延伸复合物蛋白质前体2,果糖二磷酸醛缩酶,UDP-葡糖醛酸脱羧酶对应的基因进行了半定量RT-PCR分析,发现这几个基因与蛋白质的表达不一致,可能是RNA发生了翻译后修饰而减少了蛋白表达量的结果.这些差异蛋白很可能与水稻矮化有关,为水稻矮秆基因的寻找提供了另一个有效途径.     

双向电泳-串联飞行时间质谱对急性脊髓损伤大鼠差异蛋白质的分离鉴定

为研究急性脊髓损伤的病理和修复机制,建立了正常和急性脊髓损伤大鼠脊髓组织的双向电泳图谱,确认了16个变化3倍以上的差异蛋白斑点,其中在急性脊髓损伤组蛋白斑点表达上调的10个,表达下调的6个.利用基质辅助激光解析电离串联飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS)成功鉴定出16个差异蛋白质,其中,6个蛋白质是新鉴定的,2个蛋白为同一蛋白的不同修饰.除髓磷脂碱性蛋白(MBP)和中相对分子质量神经丝蛋白(NF-M)已证实与脊髓损伤密切相关外,其它蛋白与脊髓损伤的关系有待研究.     

适于双向电泳分析的苹果叶片蛋白质提取方法

为了探索适用于双向电泳(2-DE)分析的苹果叶片蛋白质提取方法,比较了三氯乙酸(TCA)/丙酮沉淀法、二硫苏糖醇(DTT)/丙酮法、Tris-HCl提取法和改良的Tris-HCl提取法等4种蛋白质提取方法。以7 cm、pH 3～10的线性固相pH梯度(immobilized pH gradient,IPG)胶条作为第一向电泳,以十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)(12.5%的分离胶)作为第二向电泳,对提取物进行2-DE分离,采用银染显色。结果表明,上述4种方法在2-DE图谱上分别得到140,215,181和616个蛋白质点。其中以改良的Tris-HCl提取法得到的蛋白质点数最多,且背景清晰、图谱上没有明显的横纵条纹。为了进一步验证改良的Tris-HCl提取法的有效性,用18 cm、pH 3～10的线性IPG胶条和12.5%的分离胶对提取的苹果叶片蛋白质进行2-DE分离,考马斯亮蓝R-250染色,共检测到455个蛋白质点,其相对分子质量主要分布在14000～66000范围内,图谱背景清晰,再次证明应用该方法制备的样品适用于双向电泳分析,可用于苹果叶片的蛋白质组学分析。     

Two-dimensional protein map of human vastus lateralis muscle

Protein samples of human vastus lateralis muscle were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, using immobilized pH gradients encompassing several pH regions in the first dimension and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the second dimension. More than 500 protein spots on each gel were detected by silver staining, of which 150 were excised, digested in-gel with trypsin and characterized by matrix assisted laser desorptioin/ionization-mass spectrometry and tandem electrospray mass spectrometry. Using these techniques, 124 spots including contractile proteins and metabolic enzymes were identified. This database should provide a valuable resource for the definition of the functional properties of muscle fibres and for assessment of the influence of e.g., hypoxia, ischaemia and ageing on protein level.     

Protein profiling of rat cerebella during development

Protein profiles of developing rat cerebella were analyzed by means of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MS). The analysis of adult rat cerebellum gave rise to a protein map comprising approximately 3000 spots detectable by silver staining following high resolution 2-DE with a pH range of 3-10 and a mass range of 8-100 kDa. To obtain landmarks for comparison of developmental profiles of cerebellar proteins, 100 spots were subjected to peptide mass fingerprinting using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), and 67 spots were assigned on the map. Analysis of profiles of the developing cerebella revealed significant changes in the expression of proteins during development. In most cases the expression levels of proteins increased as the cerebellum matured, while the expression of 42 spots appeared specific or remarkably abundant in the immature cerebellum. Peptide mass fingerprinting of these spots allowed us to identify 29 proteins, which include, in addition to proteins of unknown function, many proteins known to have roles in the development of the central nervous system. These results suggest that the proteomic approach is valuable for mass identification of proteins involved in cerebellar morphogenesis.     

Evaluation of differential protein expression in Haliclona aquarius and sponge-associated microorganisms under cadmium stress

A comparative proteomic approach was used to assess differentially expressed proteins in marine sponges after 36 h of exposure to cadmium (Cd). After separation performed by 2-D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 46 protein spots indicated differential expression, and 17 of these proteins were identified by electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. From the proteins identified, 76 % were attributed to sponge-associated microorganisms (fungi and bacteria), and 24 % were attributed to Haliclona aquarius. Some of the proteins that were identified may be related to cell proliferation and differentiation or processes of oxidative stress repair and energy procurement. An integrated evaluation based on spot expression levels and the postulated functions of these proteins allowed a more accurate evaluation of the stress caused to the sponge holobiont system by cadmium exposure. This study could provide new insights into the use of a proteomic approach in the marine sponge to assess the effects of Cd pollution in a marine environment.     

Two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis of proteomics based on image feature and mathematical morphology

Protein analysis techniques, including 2-D electro- phoresis, image analysis, biological mass spectrometry, database search, etc., are fundamental technologies of proteomics, a front area in biochemistry and life sci- ences[1―3]. Among them image analysi…     

Systematic comparison of technical details in CBB methods and development of a sensitive GAP stain for comparative proteomic analysis

Considering the importance of CBB staining in visualizing proteins in 2-DE gels, any improvement in the existing protocols with high sensitivity and good MS compatibility is of significant importance. In this study, we systematically evaluated the effects of different staining parameters on CBB methods by 1-DE and 2-DE, and demonstrated that G-250 was more suitable for visualizing low-abundant proteins as well as generating more spots than R-250, whereas R-250 had a superior capability for quick staining of high-abundant proteins. The staining produced by mixing G-250 and R-250 in different ratios showed similar sensitivity. Compared with acetic acid, phosphoric acid produced more protein spots. Ammonium-based stain demonstrated a superior sensitivity than the aluminum-based one. Based on these findings, a new protocol using CBB G-250, ammonium sulfate and phosphoric acid (GAP) was developed by incorporating the fixation, sensitization and staining procedures together. The comparison of GAP with other methods revealed that GAP generated more protein spots and had wider applications. The identification of 11 proteins demonstrated that GAP was not only compatible with MS but also obviously reduced in vitro protein modification, and thus could be a preferable protocol in the future proteomic analysis.     

Proteome analysis of human stomach tissue: separation of soluble proteins by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and identification by mass spectrometry

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) maps for human stomach tissue proteins have been prepared by displaying the protein components of the tissue by 2-DE and identifying them using mass spectrometry. This will enable us to present an overview of the proteins expressed in human stomach tissues and lays the basis for subsequent comparative proteome analysis studies with gastric diseases such as gastric cancer. In this study, 2-DE maps of soluble fraction proteins were prepared on two gel images with partially overlapping pH ranges of 4-7 and 6-9. On the gels covering pH 4-7 and pH 6-9, about 900 and 600 protein spots were detected by silver staining, respectively. For protein identification, proteins spots on micropreparative gels stained with colloidal Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 were excised, digested in-gel with trypsin, and analyzed by peptide mass fingerprinting with delayed extraction-matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (DE-MALDI-MS). In all, 243 protein spots (168 spots in acidic map and 75 spots in basic map) corresponding to 136 different proteins were identified. Besides these principal maps, overview maps (displayed on pH 3-10 gels) for total homogenate and soluble fraction, are also presented with some identifications mapped on them. Based on the 2-DE maps presented in this study, a 2-DE database for human stomach tissue proteome has been constructed and is available at http://proteome.gsnu.ac.kr/DB/2DPAGE/Stomach/. The 2-DE maps and the database resulting from this study will serve important resources for subsequent proteomic studies for analyzing the normal protein variability in healthy tissues and specific protein variations in diseased tissues.     

Two-dimensional Blue Native/sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis for analysis of multimeric proteins in platelets

Two-dimensional (2-D) Blue Native/SDS gel electrophoresis combines a first-dimensional separation of monomeric and multimeric proteins in their native state with a second denaturing dimension. These high-resolution 2-D gels aim at identifying multiprotein complexes with respect to their subunit composition. We applied this method for the first time to analyze two human platelet subproteomes: the cytosolic and the microsomal membrane protein fraction. Solubilization of platelet membrane proteins was achieved with the nondenaturing detergent n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside. To validate native solubilization conditions, we demonstrated the correct assembly of the Na,K-ATPase, a functional multimeric transmembrane protein, when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. We identified 63 platelet proteins after in-gel tryptic digestion of 58 selected protein spots and liquid chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry. Nine proteins were detected for the first time in platelets by a proteomic approach. We also show that this technology efficiently resolves several known membrane and cytosolic multiprotein complexes. Blue Native/SDS gel electrophoresis is thus a valuable procedure to analyze specific platelet subproteomes, like the membrane(-bound) protein fraction, by mass spectrometry and immunoblotting and could be relevant for the study of protein-protein interactions generated following platelet activation.     

血管外膜肌成纤维细胞分化相关蛋白研究

为寻找涉及血管紧张素II (AngII)和转化生长因子β1 (TGF-β1)诱导的血管肌成纤维细胞(MF)分化的蛋白, 本研究采用双向电泳和质谱从整体水平检测了MF分化前后蛋白表达谱的变化, 共找到41个差异表达的蛋白点, 表达水平和/或蛋白位置在Ang II和TGF-β1刺激后都发生明显变化的蛋白点14个, 4个蛋白上调, 6个蛋白下调, 2个蛋白位置发生明显变化, 2个蛋白表达上调,位置也发生变化; 只在Ang II诱导的MF中表达发生变化的蛋白20个, 只在TGF-β1诱导的MF中表达发生变化的蛋白7个. 选取Ang II和TGF-β1共同调节的14个蛋白进行质谱鉴定, 结果除骨架蛋白外, 首次发现MF分化同泛素蛋白酶体系统和嘌呤合成有关; septin 2的下调可能是成纤维细胞分化的标志. 本研究运用蛋白质组学技术发现了新的参与MF分化的蛋白质, 为进一步研究和干预细胞表型转化提供了新的思路和靶点.     

人红细胞20S蛋白酶体的蛋白质组学表征及不同来源20S蛋白酶体异质性的研究

通过整合差速离心和非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(native-PAGE)技术,建立了能有效分离20S蛋白酶体(20S core particle,CP)的方法.与传统纯化方法比较,此方法具有经济、快速的特点,并且能够对不同组织细胞来源的CP进行分离.利用本方法对人红细胞来源的CP亚基进行了2-DE分离和MALDI-TOF/TOF MS鉴定.结果显示,可鉴定出33个具有不同相对分子量和等电点的蛋白点,此数量远远多于CP亚基的14种.此外,利用非变性/变性十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(native/SDS-PAGE)技术,比较了来源于酵母、小鼠肝脏、人红细胞、人胰腺癌细胞系SW1990和PANC-1的CP及其亚基在电泳行为方面的差异,进行了蛋白酶体异质性初探.