光学相干层析图像层状结构的增强与定量测量

光学相干层析(OCT)成像技术对于眼底等层状组织的定量测量有赖于光学相干层析图像中层状结构的提取。为了对原始光学相干层析图像进行预处理以有效地去除图像中的噪声及散斑、增强图中的层状结构,并更好地保护图像中的层状结构,进而更准确地定量测量图像中有重要意义的层状结构的光程信息,提出在相干增强各向异性扩散(CED)算法中引入二阶导数项以控制沿相干方向的扩散强度,并将引入二阶导数项的相干增强各向异性扩散算法应用于不同样品的光学相干层析图像。结合在预处理后图像中层状结构位置的查找结果与样品的折射率信息,实现了对光学相干层析图像中有重要意义的层状结构厚度的定量测量。实验结果表明,使用引入二阶导数项的相干增强各向异性扩散算法对光学相干层析图像预处理有利于对图中重要层状结构的更准确测量。     

Research for Signal Power Spectrum Distribution in Laser Doppler Rotational Speed Measurement

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Phase-noise-compensated optical frequency domain reflectometry with measurement range beyond laser coherence length realized using concatenative reference method

A novel type of optical frequency domain reflectometry with a measurement range much longer than the laser coherence length is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. To reduce the influence of laser phase noise, the measurement signal is compensated by using reference signals generated from a single auxiliary interferometer supported by a newly proposed compensation process. The compensation is accomplished numerically with a computer for each section of the delay fiber length in an auxiliary interferometer after only one data acquisition. By using the proposed technique, it is confirmed experimentally that the laser phase noise is well compensated even beyond the coherence length.     

飞秒光频梳的任意长绝对测距

高精度测距在工业、航空航天、科学研究等方面都具有重要应用, 而不断发展的激光测距技术始终处于前沿研究领域. 本文研究飞秒光频梳绝对测距技术, 拓展光梳在长度测量领域的应用. 在利用脉冲激光进行任意绝对长度测量中常用到飞行时间法, 然而其测量分辨力受限于电子器件的带宽, 仅为毫米量级. 为克服这一缺点, 本文研究了光梳多脉冲序列之间的时间相干性, 结合多脉冲序列干涉法和飞行时间法提出了任意长绝对测距的方法, 搭建了基于改进型Michelson干涉原理的任意绝对测长系统, 通过同时测量多脉冲序列的一阶和二阶互相关信号, 可以分别计算出飞行时间的时间差, 即可得到被测距离. 利用光梳作为光源进行了0.6m的绝对测距实验, 将测量结果与高精度激光位移传感器的测量值进行比较, 实验结果表明本系统具有良好的测量线性度, 并且测距精度可达±0.5μm. 关键词： 飞秒光频梳 任意长绝对测距 飞行时间法 多脉冲序列干涉法     

Synthesized optical coherence tomography for imaging of scattering objects by use of a stepwise frequency-modulated tunable laser diode

A technique named synthesized optical coherence tomography (SOCT) has been proposed and developed as an alternative method to the well-known optical coherence tomography for cross-sectional imaging of scattering objects. SOCT is based on the principle of synthesis of an optical coherence function by use of a tunable laser diode. With stepwise frequency modulation of light and synchronous phase modulation, the coherence function is synthesized into a peak at an arbitrary location. The longitudinal scattering distribution of the object under test is thus obtained without a mechanically driven reference. Two-dimensional tomography was demonstrated in a basic experiment with a lateral mechanical scan.     

相关多普勒光学层析成像

提出了基于互相关的多普勒OCT(correlated Doppler optical coherence tomography, CD-OCT)方法, 能够有效的抑制噪声, 实现低信噪比条件下的流速探测. 对CD-OCT算法进行了详细的推导, 分析了噪声的相关性对该算法结果的影响, 最后基于谱域和时域联合探测方法(joint spectral and time domain optical coherence tomography, STD-OCT)以及CD-OCT算法的对比实验证明了该算法能够进一步实现信噪比的提高, 使测量的结果更为稳定.     

An Approach to Optical Reflection Tomography along the Geometrical Thickness

We propose and demonstrate a novel optical reflection tomography along the geometrical thickness. This technique is based on simultaneous measurement of refractive index n and thickness t of a sample using the combination of a low coherence interferometer and confocal optics. The interferometer provides optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the dimension of the optical thickness (=n × t) along the optical axis, while the confocal optics gives us another type of reflection tomography, having the thickness dimension of nearly t/n along the optical axis. This sort of tomography can be called confocal reflection tomography (CRT) and has not yet been demonstrated, to our knowledge. Simple image processing of OCT and CRT results in the desired reflection tomographic image, showing two-dimensional refractive index distribution along the geometrical thickness.     

Group index of the human cornea at 1.3-microm wavelength obtained in vitro by optical coherence domain reflectometry

The group index of the cornea, rather than the phase refractive index, is required for thickness calculations with optical coherence tomography. Recent advances with high-speed optical coherence tomography at 1.3 microm make index measurement at this wavelength of great interest. Group indices of three human corneas from an eye bank were measured in vitro with optical coherence domain reflectometry. Measurements were made in a calibrated cuvette filled with a preservation medium to maintain proper corneal hydration. Group indices were calculated from the optical path lengths measured. The corneal group index was 1.389 +/- 0.004 (average +/- standard deviation). The average group index of a balanced salt solution, an approximation to aqueous humor, was 1.343 +/- 0.001.     

结合计算层析与光学相干层析测量折射率分布

通过将计算层析技术与光学相干层析技术相结合,测量散射介质非均匀折射率分布。该方法测量散射样品折射率分布时,通过光学相干层析技术测量散射样品折射率分布在多个方向上的投影,采用计算层析技术实现对样品折射率分布的层析重建,克服了传统折射率光学测量方法如单纯的基于光学相干层析原理的焦点追迹法和光程匹配法,不能测量散射介质非均匀折射率分布的缺点。采用该方法在实验中对梯度折射率棒的径向相对折射率分布进行层析重建,取得了较好的实验结果。     

Full-field optical coherence tomography by two-dimensional heterodyne detection with a pair of CCD cameras

A two-dimensional heterodyne detection technique based on the frequency-synchronous detection method [Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 39, 1194 (2000)] is demonstrated for full-field optical coherence tomography. This technique, which employs a pair of CCD cameras to detect the in-phase and quadrature components of the heterodyne signal simultaneously, offers the advantage of phase-drift suppression in interferometric measurement. Horizontal cross-sectional images are acquired at the rate of 100 frames/s in a single longitudinal scan, with a depth interval of 6 microm, making the rapid reconstruction of three-dimensional images possible.     

用电子散斑干涉法测量材料热膨胀系数

利用双光束电子散斑干涉法（ESPI）对试件受热变形进行了实时观测,针对一次实验过程中得到的图片较多（300～500幅）的特点,在图像处理时摒弃了以往的手动识别等位移线的办法,用MATLAB语言编写了批处理程序,能够在采集的大量散斑图片中自动快速准确地标定等位移线,得到相应的位移和应变,并结合实时测量的温度值,获得了45钢和LY12铝合金在不同温升率下的热膨胀系数及其随温度的变化。实验结果表明,在涉及的温升率范围内,温升率的改变对材料热膨胀系数的影响不明显,材料的热膨胀系数随温度的升高略有上升。     

大气相干长度的昼夜观测

 介绍了利用差分像运动测量法测量光波到达角起伏方差来确定大气相干长度的方法，阐述了一种能对大气相干长度进行昼夜测量的日夜两用型大气相干长度仪的测量原理与结构,经过长期昼夜观测分析得知: 整层大气湍流强度有随时间变化的趋势，这种趋势与近地面层的湍流强度的时间变化特征基本吻合，即在日出后和日没前两段时间内的相干长度值远大于其它时间段内的值。     

Experimental study of coherence vortices: local properties of phase singularities in a spatial coherence function

By controlling the irradiance of an extended quasimonochromatic, spatially incoherent source, an optical field is generated that exhibits spatial coherence with phase singularities, called coherence vortices. A simple optical geometry for direct visualization of coherence vortices is proposed, and the local properties and the spatial evolution of coherence vortex are experimentally investigated. To our knowledge, this is the first direct and quantitative experimental measurement of a generic coherence vortex.     

大气相干长度的昼夜观测

介绍了利用差分像运动测量法测量光波到达角起伏方差来确定大气相干长度的方法,阐述了一种能对大气相干长度进行昼夜测量的日夜两用型大气相干长度仪的测量原理与结构,经过长期昼夜观测分析得知: 整层大气湍流强度有随时间变化的趋势,这种趋势与近地面层的湍流强度的时间变化特征基本吻合,即在日出后和日没前两段时间内的相干长度值远大于其它时间段内的值。     

孪生光束干涉法测量光源的空间相干性

定量测定光源空间相干性在部分相干光成像, 非相干全息术及光信息处理领域具有重要的研究价值. 本文基于三角全息干涉光路提出了一种测量光源空间相干性的新方法. 利用三角干涉全息光路系统中分束镜产生的孪生光束进行干涉获得干涉图, 通过调整光源中心位置在写入平面内偏离光轴的量, 改变两孪生光束空间分离量的大小, 采集对应的一系列干涉图, 计算干涉图样的对比度, 从而对光源照明空间的波前上一系列不同距离的点对之间的空间复相干度进行测量. 实验系统光路配置较为简单且不需要使用特殊加工的光学元件. 针对一个准单色的扩展光源设计并进行实验, 结果表明利用文中提出的方法可以准确的测量光源的空间相干性, 实验结果相对于理论计算值的误差仅为3.8%. 关键词： 相干性 全息干涉 干涉仪 光学应用     

Measuring the phase of spatially coherent polychromatic fields

Realistic optical fields are never completely monochromatic and the interpretation of the concept of phase is not straightforward. It has been pointed out by Wolf that, if a strict condition of spatial coherence is imposed, the statistically averaged behavior of a polychromatic field can be described by an associated monochromatic wave. We show that, for spatially coherent polychromatic optical fields, the measurement of the phase of the second-order correlations determines the phase of this associated, spatially coherent field. We verify this prediction using a novel interferometric technique for measuring the cross-spectral density of a steady-state optical field.     

哈特曼测量大气相干长度研究

研究了利用哈特曼波前传感器测量大气相干长度的两种方法:一种是测量两个子孔径恒星光波到达角起伏方差的差分像运动法;另一种是测量恒星波前分布,通过波前分布的剩余方差推算得到大气相干长度。试验测量结果表明,两种方法得到的测量结果基本一致,得到了大气相干长度的可靠数据,两种方法得到了相互验证,实现了在应用哈特曼波前传感器测量大气波前分布时,同时得到当前的大气信息,对分析哈特曼波前传感器的测量结果有参考意义。     

哈特曼测量大气相干长度研究

研究了利用哈特曼波前传感器测量大气相干长度的两种方法：一种是测量两个子孔径恒星光波到达角起伏方差的差分像运动法;另一种是测量恒星波前分布,通过波前分布的剩余方差推算得到大气相干长度。试验测量结果表明,两种方法得到的测量结果基本一致,得到了大气相干长度的可靠数据,两种方法得到了相互验证,实现了在应用哈特曼波前传感器测量大气波前分布时,同时得到当前的大气信息,对分析哈特曼波前传感器的测量结果有参考意义。     

Silicon V-shaped groove measurement by spectral domain optical coherence tomography

In this research, we focuses on a new detection method for testing a micro electro mechanical systems V-shaped groove in silicon using spectral domain optical coherence tomography with a thermal light source. By this method, the V-shaped groove depth, width and bottom width were measured. The technique, because of its noncontact operation and high acquisition rate, is suitable for on-line precision measurement of V-shaped grooves in silicon.     

Real-time, high velocity-resolution color Doppler optical coherence tomography

Color Doppler optical coherence tomography (CDOCT) is a noninvasive optical imaging technique for micrometer-scale physiological flow mapping simultaneously with morphological optical coherence tomography imaging. We have developed a novel CDOCT signal-processing strategy capable of imaging physiological flow rates at 8 frames/s. Our new strategy features hardware-implemented digital autocorrelation across subsequent scans, permitting us to measure 300-Hz-8-kHz Doppler shifts upon signals of 0.6-MHz bandwidth. The performance of the CDOCT system was demonstrated in a flow phantom and in vivo in Xenopus laevis.