Diffraction Properties of Field Adjustable Polymer Network Stabilized Liquid Crystal Grating

Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　　Ｄｕｅｔｏａｎｉｓｏｔｒｏｐｉｃｏｐｔｉｃａｌａｎｄｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃａｌｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ,ｔｈｅｏｐｔｉｃａｌｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｏｆｌｉｑｕｉｄｃｒｙｓｔａｌｓｃａｎｂｅａｄｊｕｓｔｅｄｂｙｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃｆｉｅｌｄ,ａｎｄｔｈｕｓｔｈｅｄｉｆｆｒａｃｔｉｏｎｇｒａｔｉｎｇｆａｂｒｉｃａｔｅｄｕｓｉｎｇｌｉｑｕｉｄｃｒｙｓｔａｌｓｃａｎｂｅａｄｊｕｓｔａｂｌｅｂｙｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃｆｉｅｌｄ．Ｓｕｃｈｄｅｖｉｃｅｓｈａｖｅｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ…     

Bit Constraints Analysis of Multihop All-Optical Networks with Deflection Routing

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｏｏｖｅｒｃｏｍｅｔｈｅｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃｂｏｔｌｅｎｅｃｋｏｆｃｏｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎａｌｏｐｔｉｃａｌｐａｃｋｅｔｓｗｉｔｃｈｉｎｇｎｅｔｗｏｒｋｓ，ａｌｏｐｔｉｃａｌｐａｃｋｅｔｓｗｉｔｃｈｉｎｇｎｅｔｗｏｒｋｓａｒｅ...     

Power Analysis and Experimental Study of the Fiber Null Coupler with an Acousto-optic Device

1　Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　　Ｈｉｇｈ ｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅ ｏｐｔｉｃａｌｓｗｉｔｃｈｉｎｇｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｅｓａｒｅｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｌｙｏｆｅｎｏｒｍｏｕｓｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｆｏｒｔｈｅｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ .Ｔｏｄａｔｅｍａｎｙｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｅｓｈａｖｅ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄｈｉｇｈ ｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓ[1,2 ] .Ｔｈｅｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｍｅｎｔｆｏｒｔｈｅｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｆｕｌｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｅｓｗｉｌｌｂｅｌｏｗｉｎｓｅｒｔｉｏｎｌｏ…     

DETERMINATION OF ULTRA TRACE LEVEL METALLIC IMPURITIES IN SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS BY ICP-MS

Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　　Ｓｅｍｉｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｏｒｄｅｖｉｃｅｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｗｉｄｅｌｙｕｓｅｄｆｏｒｖａｒｉｏｕｓａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓａｎｄｂｅｃｏｍｅｉｎｄｉｓｐｅｎｓａｂｌｅｆｏｒｃｉｖｉｌｉｚｅｄｌｉｆｅ ｓｔｙｌｅ.Ａｖａｒｉｅｔｙｏｆｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｓａｎｄｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓａｒｅｕｓｅｄｉｎｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｍａｎｕｆａｃｔｕｒｉｎｇｏｆｓｅｍｉｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｏｒｄｅｖｉｃｅｓ.Ａｔｒａｃｅｌｅｖｅｌｏｆｍｅｔａｌｌｉｃｉｍｐｕ ｒｉｔｉｅｓｉｎｔｈｅｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｓａｎ…     

Analyzing of LED-induced Blood Fluorescent Spectra

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｌｉｇｈｔ ｉｎｄｕｃｅｄｆｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｎｃｅｓｐｅｃｔｒｏｓｃｏｐｙ (ＬＩＦＳ )ｆｏｒｄｉａｇｎｏｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｔｉｓｓｕｅｓ[1,2 ] ,ｈａｓｂｅｅｎｗｅｌｌｂｕｉｌｔｕｐｆｏｒｓｅｖｅｒａｌｄｅｃａｄｅｓ.Ｉｎｃｌｉｎｉｃｓｔｈｅｆｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｎｃｅｍｉｃｒｏｓｃｏｐｙａｎｄｃｙｔｏｍｅｔｒｙｂｅｃｏｍｅｒｏｕｔｉｎｅｐｒｏｃｅｄｕｒｅｓｔｏｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚｅ ｑｕａｎｔｉｔａｔｉｖｅｌｙｔｈｅｖａｓｔｍａｊｏｒｉｔｙｏｆｈｕｍａ…     

Langevin Treatment of Atomic Coherence Effect on Hybrid Erbium doped Fiber Amplification

１　Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　　Ｒｅｃｅｎｔｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｏｐｔｉｃａｌｃｏｈｅｒｅｎｃｅｏｒｑｕａｎｔｕｍｉｎｔｅｒｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｈａｓａｄｖａｎｃｅｄｎｅｗｃｏｎｃｅｐｔｓｏｆｌａｓｅｒｗｉｔｈｏｕｔｉｎｖｅｒｓｉｏｎ［１,４］,ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃａｌｌｙｉｎｄｕｃｅｄｔｒａｎｓｐａｒｅｎｃｙ［２］,ｅｎｈａｎｃｅｄｉｎｄｅｘｏｆｒｅｆｒａｃｔｉｏｎ［３］,ａｎｄｏｔｈｅｒｓ［５,６］．Ａｔｏｍｉｃｃｏｈｅｒｅｎｃｅａｎｄｌａｓｉｎｇｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ…     

Design of a Two layer Scalable Wavelength Routing Optical Interconnection Network

１　Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　　Ｈｉｇｈｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅｐａｒａｌｌｅｌｃｏｍｐｕｔｉｎｇｐｌａｔｆｏｒｍｍａｄｅｕｐｏｆｗｏｒｋｓｔａｔｉｏｎｓｏｒｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒｓｉｎｔｅｒｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｅｄｂｙｎｅｔｗｏｒｋｈａｓｂｅｃｏｍｅｔｈｅｍａｉｎｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｓｔｒｅａｍｏｆｐａｒａｌｌｅｌｃｏｍｐｕｔｉｎｇｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｅｓ［１,２］．Ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｅｎｈａｎｃｅｍｅｎｔｏｆｎｏｄｅｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇｃａｐａｂｉｌｉｔｉｅｓ,ｉｔｂｅｃｏｍ…     

Beam Polarization Dependence of Diffraction Efficiency in Photorefractive LiNbO_3 Crystal

1　Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　　Ｉｎｐｈｏｔｏｒｅｆｒａｃｔｉｖｅｃｒｙｓｔａｌ,ｍａｎｙａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ,ｓｕｃｈａｓｉｍａｇｅａｍｐｌｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｉｍａｇｅｓｔｏｒａｇｅ ,ｎｅｅｄｔｏｕｓｅｔｈｅｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｙｏｆｈｉｇｈｄｉｆｆｒａｃｔｉｏｎｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙ .Ｓｏｍｅａｕｔｈｏｒｓ[1] ｈａｖｅｒｅｆｅｒｒｅｄｔｈａｔｈｉｇｈｄｉｆｆｒａｃｔｉｏｎｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙｉｎｐｈｏｔｏｒｅｆｒａｃｔｉｖｅＬｉＮｂＯ3ｃｒｙｓｔａｌｃａｎｂｅｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄｂｙｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ…     

The Level-split of the Two-level Entangled Atom in an Optical Field

Ｔｈｅｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｏｆａｔｏｍｉｃｍｏｔｉｏｎｉｎａｎｏｐｔｉｃａｌｆｉｅｌｄｈａｓａｔｔｒａｃｔｅｄｍｕｃｈａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｉｔｓｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ.ＡｇｏｏｄｅｘａｍｐｌｅｏｆｔｈｉｓｐｒｏｃｅｄｕｒｅｃａｎｂｅｆｏｕｎｄｉｎｔｈｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｆＧａｏ ＪｉａｎＺｅｎｇｅｔａｌ.[1] ,ｗｈｏｓｈｏｗｅｄｔｈｅａｃｔｉｏｎｏｆａｔｗｏ ｌｅｖｅｌａｔｏｍｉｎａｎｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｗａｖｅｏｆｃｉｒｃｕｌａｒｐｏｌａｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎ .Ｉ…     

Polarization of Tapered Semiconductor Travelling-Wave Amplifiers

1　Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　　Ｔａｐｅｒｅｄｓｅｍｉｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｏｒｔｒａｖｅｌｌｉｎｇ ｗａｖｅａｍｐｌｉｆｉｅｒｓｎｏｗａｒｅｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｓｉｎｓｅｍｉｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｏｒｏｐｔｏ ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃｓ.Ｂａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｓｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ,ｔｈｅｃｏｕｐｌｉｎｇｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｆｉｂｅｒａｎｄｓｅｍｉｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｏｒａｍｐｌｉｆｉｅｒ,ｔｈｅｌｉｆｅｔｉｍｅｏｆｄｅｖｉｃｅｓａｎｄｔｈｅ ｐｅｒｆｏｒｍ…     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

A study on the best irradiation dose of X-ray for Hep-2 cells by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to study the human epidermis larynx carcinoma cell lines (Hep-2) which were irradiated by different doses of X-ray.The results show that (1) the irradiation of X-ray damages the structure of the CH3 groups of the thymine in DNA,which restrains the reproduction of Hep-2 cells effectively,(2) the 8 Gy dose of X-ray irradiation changes the framework and the relative contents of some proteins,lipids and the nucleic acid molecules intercellular in the greatest degree,and (3) the 8 Gy dose of X-ray irradiation is the best irradiation dose for lowering the degree of the cancerization of Hep-2 cells according to the criteria for the degree of the cancerization reported recently.Meanwhile,the apoptosis of these cells were detected by using flow cytometry (FCM) primarily.It shows that the apoptotic ratio of the Hep-2 cells depends on the irradiation dose to some extent,but is not linearly.And the apoptotic ratio of the 12 Gy dose group is the maximum (20.36%),but the apoptotic ratios of the 2 to 8 Gy dose groups change little.     

Analysis of Laser-generated Rayleigh wave on viscoelastic materials

In order to understand the viscoelasticity of material, this research has been conducted to study the propagation characteristics of viscoelastic Rayleigh wave theoretically. A model is presented for the pulsed laser generation of ultrasound on viscoelastic medium surface. Referred to the Kelvin model, the frequency equation and the normal displacement of viscoelastic Rayleigh wave were derived, the influence of the viscoelastic modulus on dispersion and attenuation was discussed. From the theoretical calculation, it is shown that the effect of viscoelasticity on the attenuation of Rayleigh wave is more than that on its dispersion. In the case of a weak viscosity, the attenuation of viscoelastic Rayleigh wave is directly proportional to viscosity modulus; the effect of shear viscosity on the attenuation is much more than that of bulk viscosity. The transient response of viscoelastic Rayleigh wave was also simulated using Laplace and Hankel inversion transform, which are showed in good agreement with the theoretic predictions. The model provides a useful tool for the determination of viscoelastic parameters of medium.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Factors affecting the spectrum of an electromagnetic light wave on scattering from a semisoft boundary medium

The spectrum of an electromagnetic light wave on scattering from a semisoft boundary medium is discussed within the accuracy of the first-order Born approximation. It is shown that spectral shifts and spectral switches are affected both by the polarization of the incident light wave and by the characters of the scat-tering medium. Moreover, numerical results show that the direction at which the spectral switch occurs is governed by the characters of the scattering medium, whereas the magnitude of the spectral switch is affected by the polarization of the incident light wave.     

Study on the radiation problem caused by electron beam loss in accelerator tubes

The beam dynamic code PARMELA was used to simulate the transportation process of accelerating electrons in S-band SW linacs with different energies of 2.5, 6 and 20 MeV. The results indicated that in the ideal condition, the percentage of electron beam loss was 50% in accelerator tubes. Also we calculated the spectrum, the location and angular distribution of the lost electrons. Calculation performed by Monte Carlo code MCNP demonstrated that the radiation distribution of lost electrons was nearly uniform along the tube axis, the angular distributions of the radiation dose rates of the three tubes were similar, and the highest leaking dose was at the angle of 160° with respect to the axis. The lower the energy of the accelerator, the higher the radiation relative leakage. For the 2.5 MeV accelerator, the maximum dose rate reached 5% of the main dose and the one on the head of the electron gun was 1%, both of which did not meet the eligible protection requirement for accelerators. We adopted different shielding designs for different accelerators. The simulated result showed that the shielded radiation leaking dose rates fulfilled the requirement.     

Optical Pulse Compression Schemes That Use Nonlinear Bragg Gratings

Nonlinear optical pulse compression of picosecond pulses typically requires long lengths of optical fiber and multiple components. Periodic structures, such as fiber Bragg gratings, are highly dispersive at wavelengths outside of the photonic bandgap. This implies that such gratings can be used as very short all-fiber compressors. In this paper a number of such compression schemes are reviewed involving uniform and nonuniform fiber Bragg gratings, relying on both soliton and nonsoliton compression principles. Experimental results supporting the corresponding underlying theory are also presented. Finally, an extension of one of the compression schemes is shown, which allows the generation of adjustable high-repetition rate soliton trains.     

Polarization-Phase Visualization and Processing of Coherent Images of Fractal Structures of Biotissues

A polarization-phase method of visualization of optically anisotropic inhomogeneities of biotissues, which is based on multifractal modeling of biotissue properties, is proposed. An algorithm for obtaining topograms of orientations of the fractal domains of a visualized architectonic net of a biotissue is developed and realized experimentally.     

Party–state systems and their dynamics as networks

The dynamics of expansion and retreat of a network are detailed in the example of the birth and demise of party–state systems. This systemic network is described with the help of the interactive party–state (IPS) model through the interrelationship of individual party–state and economic decision-makers. The model also describes the causes of the internal dynamics of this network: its generators, its self-similarities and differences, as well as the dynamics of its operation and transformation. In view of the IPS model, I elaborate on the specific structure and dynamics of the Chinese party–state.