Highly Enantioselective Construction of Strained Spiro[2,3]hexanes through a Michael Addition/Ring Expansion/Cyclization Cascade

We herein report a general organocatalytic enantioselective strategy for the construction of highly strained spiro[2,3]hexane skeletons from methylenecyclopropanes and a broad selection of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes. The reaction proceeds through a Michael addition followed by ring expansion of methylenecyclopropanes and nucleophilic attack of an enamine to realize the construction of spiro[2,3]hexanes. Key to the success of this approach are the utilization of an electron‐deficient difluoro‐substituted secondary amine catalyst and the intrinsic reactivity of methylenecyclopropanes.     

反式2,3-二芳基取代-1-氨基环丙烷羧酸的合成及其结构研究

芳香醛与马尿酸在Erlenmeyer反应条件下缩合得到(Z)-2-苯基4芳亚甲基-5(4H)-噁唑酮,然后在室温下与芳基重氮甲烷通过非对映高立体选择性1,3-偶极环加成反应得到螺环化合物,再经醇解开环、水解去保护合成出反式2,3-二芳基-1-氨基取代环丙烷羧酸．通过元素分析,IR,^1H NMR,^13C NMR,MS和X射线晶体测定,确认了它们的化学结构和立体构型．实验结果表明,通过选择适当的芳香醛和芳基重氮甲烷,可以得到不同立体构型的反式2,3-二芳基取代-1-氨基环丙烷羧酸．     

Borane-Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization/Hydrosilylation Towards Enantio- and Diastereoselective Construction of trans-2,3-Disubstituted-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroquinoxalines

Recent years have witnessed marked progress in the efficient synthesis of various enantioenriched 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxalines. However, enantio- and diastereoselective access to trans-2,3-disubstituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxalines remains much less explored. Herein we report that a frustrated Lewis pair-based catalyst generated via in situ hydroboration of 2-vinylnaphthalene with HB(C₆F₅)₂ allows for the one-pot tandem cyclization/hydrosilylation of 1,2-diaminobenzenes and 1,2-diketones with commercially available PhSiH₃ to exclusively afford trans-2,3-disubstituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxalines in high yields with excellent diastereoselectivities (>20 : 1 dr). Furthermore, this reaction can be rendered asymmetric by using an enantioenriched borane-based catalyst derived from HB(C₆F₅)₂ and a binaphthyl-based chiral diene to give rise to enantioenriched trans-2,3-disubstituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxalines in high yields with almost complete diastereo- and enantiocontrol (>20 : 1 dr, up to >99 % ee). A wide substrate scope, good tolerance of diverse functionality and up to 20-gram scale production are demonstrated. The enantio- and diastereocontrol are achieved by the judicious choice of borane catalyst and hydrosilane. The catalytic pathway and the origin of the excellent stereoselectivity are elucidated by mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations.     

Simple and Efficient Procedure for Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of trans- 1,1-Disubstituted-2,6-diarylcyclohexane-4-ones

A simple and efficient method has been developed for highly diastcreoselective synthesis of trans-1,1-disubstituted-2,6-diarylcyclohexane-4-ones from dibenzalacetone and malononitril with trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane as catalyst. The substrate 1,5-diaryl-1,4-pentadien-3-ones and active methylene compounds proceeded to give the products with good to excellent yield within a short time.     

Organocatalyzed Cascade Aza‐Michael/Michael Addition for the Asymmetric Construction of Highly Functionalized Spiropyrazolone Tetrahydroquinolines

An organocatalyzed diastereo‐ and enantioselective cascade aza‐Michael/Michael addition of 2‐tosylaminoenones to unsaturated pyrazolones has been developed to afford novel chiral spiropyrazolone tetrahydroquinolines containing three contiguous stereocenters. This cascade reaction proceeded well with 2 mol % chiral bifunctional tertiary amine squaramide catalyst to give the desired products in excellent yields (up to 99 %) with excellent diastereoselectivity (up to >25:1 diastereomeric ratio) and high enantioselectivity (up to 91 % enantiomeric excess).     

Lewis Acid-Mediated Intramolecular Ene Reactions of Alkylidene Malonates and 2-Phosphonoacrylates: A Highly Diastereoselective Approach to Trans-1,2-disubstituted Five-Membered Ring Compounds

A facile and highly diastereoselective synthesis of trans-1,2-disubstituted five-membered ring compounds is described based on ZnBr₂-catalysed intramolecular ene reactions of some alkylidene malonates and 2-phosphonoacrylates.     

Diastereoselective Approach to cis-4-Methyl/thiol-Pipecolic Esters Based on RCM Reaction and Conjugate Michael Addition

A synthetic route for the access to enantiopure cis-4-methyl/thiol-pipecolic esters is presented. It is based on the ring-closing metathesis reaction to build the α,β-unsaturated piperidin-2-one derived from (S)-(–)-phenylethylamine, followed by either diastereoselective conjugate addition of methylorganocuprate allowing access to cis-4-methyl pipecolic ester or by tandem diastereoselective hydrosulforization–thionization reaction providing access to cis-4-thiol pipecolic ethyl esters.     

结构简单的4-羟基脯氨酰胺高效催化醛和硝基烯不对称迈克尔加成反应

开发了两种结构简单的反式-4-羟基-L-脯氨酰胺有机小分子催化剂,用于高效催化不对称迈克尔加成反应。在醛和硝基烯的不对称迈克尔加成反应中,以（S）-1,1’-联-2-萘酚为协同催化剂,对两种脯氨酰胺衍生物的催化活性进行研究,发现催化剂摩尔分数仅为0.5%～1%时,产物的收率最高可达96%,非对映和对映选择性值最高可达99/1和99%。该方法为开发低成本、高效率的不对称迈克尔加成反应有机催化剂体系提供了简单易行的选择。     

2,3-二取代-1,4-萘醌的合成

常温下, 在丙酮与水的混合介质中(V∶V＝1∶1), 4-羟基香豆素类化合物与1,4-萘醌进行Michael加成反应, 生成6个未见文献报道的2,3-二取代-1,4-萘醌. 产物经MS, 1H NMR, 元素分析表征, 确定了其化学结构.     

A Sequence of Aldol Condensations and a Michael Addition Giving a Cyclohexenone Ring System

Summary.  The reaction of 1,5-diphenylpentanetrione, 4-chlorobenzaldehyde, and acetone in the presence of methylamine resulted in 2,6-dibenzoyl-5-(4-chlorphenyl)-3-methyl-cyclohex-2-en-1-one, which was formed by a sequence of a Knoevenagel reaction, an aldol condensation, and a Michael addition in a one-pot reaction. Received August 16, 2000. Accepted September 8, 2000     

含分子内氢键的苯硫酚在水相中的Michael加成反应

苯硫酚的巯基是一个较强的亲核基团,对α,β-不饱和双键的Michael加成反应已有报道．但是当巯基的邻位存在与其形成氢键的基团时,如果按文献条件进行反应,或者反应无法进行,或者要使用反应条件苛刻的丁基锂,或者使用吡啶等毒性较大的反应溶剂,而且产率较低．本文选择     

Diastereoselective Ruthenium-Catalyzed Michael Addition of Indoles to Hormone Steroids: An Efficient Route to New Indole Derivatives

Diastereoselective conjugate 1,4-addition of indoles to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds (hormone steroids) using Ru(III) as catalyst is reported. It was found that RuCl₃·nH₂O catalyzes the Michael addition of indoles to hormone steroids, providing new 3-alkylated derivatives in good to excellent yields.     

Efficient Route to Highly Functionalized Chalcone-Based Pyranocoumarins via Iodine-Promoted Michael Addition Followed by Cyclization of 4-Hydroxycoumarins

Molecular iodine is used as an efficient promoter in the regioselective synthesis of highly functionalized chalcone-based pyranocoumarin derivatives using 4-hydroxycoumarin in acetic acid solvent at 100 °C. Under optimized reaction conditions, our protocol (Michael addition followed by intermolecular cyclization) has tolerance for many functional groups and gave products in good to excellent yields (75–98%) within 1–2 h.

[Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications® for the following free supplemental resource: Full experimental and spectral details.]     

Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of trans-3-Aryl-4-carbethoxy-2,3-dihydro-2-fur-2＇-oyl-5-methylfurans

Multi-substituted dihydrofurans are valuable intermediates for the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceuticals. Considerable attention has been focused on the development of efficient and regioselective methods for their preparation. Using K2CO3 as a base, with the reaction of fur-2-oylmethyltriphenylarsonium bromide 1 and ethyl 2-acetyl-3-arylacrylate 2 in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature, we found an efficient protocol was achieved to synthesize trans-3-aryl-4-carbethoxy-2,3-dihydro-2-fur-2＇-oyl-5-methylfurans 3 in good yield with high stereoselectivity. The structure of compound 3 was confirmed by IR, ^1H NMR, MS and HRMS. The mechanism for the formation of 3 was proposed.     

Diastereoselective methylation of ls-α-phenylethyl-Δ9,10-octahydroquinol-4-one

The methylation of the lithium derivative of ls--phenylethyl-^9,10-octahydroquinol-4-one under kinetic-control conditions at –70 °C in hexane is highly diastereoselective and leads to (+)-ls--phenylethyl-3-methyl-^9,10-octahydroquinol-4-one in 90% optical yield.Communication 2 in the series Metallation of cis-enamino ketones. See [1] for Communication 1.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 389–392, March, 1984.     

Construction of a Highly Distorted Benzene Ring in a Double Helicene

A P‐fused double helicene consisting of a highly distorted benzene ring, with a bending angle of 23°, has been synthesized by a tandem intramolecular phospha‐Friedel–Crafts reaction. Despite the distortion and reduced aromaticity, the double helicene shows thermal and chemical stability. These are important features that make these compounds attractive for applications as a new C₂‐symmetric bisphosphine ligand. The simple strategy proposed in this work can be used to prepare a diverse range of distorted molecules.     

Enzymatic resolution of trans-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (trans-flavanon-3-ol) by lipase

trans-2,3-Dihydro-3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-l-benzopyran-4-one (trans-flavanon-3-ol) was resolved to acetate of (2S,3S)-(-)-trans-flavanon-3-ol and (2R,3R)-(-)-trans-flavanon-3-ol by an enzymatic transesterification with vinyl acetate in the presence of Pseudomonas cepacia lipase.