钛基固体超强酸对环己酮乙二醇缩酮催化反应的特性

合成S042-/TiO2、SO42-/TiO2-Ce(Ⅳ)、SO42-/TiO2-ZrO2三种不同的固体超强酸,以环己酮乙二醇缩酮为探针反应,发现550℃下焙烧的SO4 2-/TiO2-Ce(Ⅳ)催化活性最好.并以SO42-/TiO2-Ce(Ⅳ)为催化剂,考察反应温度、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应物配比和带水剂对缩酮化反应转化率和选择性的影响.结果表明,反应温度为110～125℃、催化剂用量占反应物料总质量的0.5%、环己酮和乙二醇物质的量比为1:1.5、反应时间为1 h、环己烷为带水剂时,环己酮的转化率达95.2%,环己酮乙二醇缩酮的选择性98.7%,催化剂的重复使用效果好.     

钨硅酸的制备及其在催化合成缩酮(醛)中的应用

本文探讨了钨硅酸的制备方法,以合成环己酮1,2-内二醇缩酮为例验证钨硅酸的催化活性,并探讨了合成其它缩酮（醛）的适宜条件,得到的收率分别为：环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮85．5％、环己酮乙二醇缩酮89．6％、丁酮乙二醇缩酮79．5％、丁醛乙二醇缩醛89．1％、丁醛1,2丙二醇缩醛81．5％。     

两种方法制备竹炭基固体磺酸催化缩酮反应的研究

用两种方法制备竹炭基固体磺酸,研究两种竹炭基固体磺酸对催化缩酮反应的影响;考察催化剂的不同制备方法对催化效能的影响,同时考察催化剂用量、酮醇比、不同底物对转化率的影响。实验结果表明:合成缩酮的最佳反应条件是采用30%磷酸浸泡48 h处理的催化剂,固体磺酸用量相对于酮2%mol(酸量),酮醇摩尔比为1∶2,酮平均转化率可达90%以上;竹炭基固体磺酸对缩酮类化合物的合成具有良好的催化效果和稳定的催化性能。     

激光蒸凝法制备ZnO-CeO2纳米粒子及其杀菌性能研究

以氧气为载气利用激光蒸凝法制备ZnO-CeO2纳米粒子，并对其的杀菌性能进行研究。结果表明：许多实验参数如载气种类，真空度及载气流量对于纳米粒子的粒径有很大的影响，斡们调节实验参数得到不同粒径和Zn／Ce配比的纳米棒状粒子，并用来做杀菌性能研究。随着粒径和Zn／Ce配比的减小，杀菌性能也提高，另外纳米粒子对于金黄色葡萄球菌及黑色变种芽孢的杀菌效果影响是一致的。本文也对于纳米棒状粒子的产生机制及其杀菌机制提出初步见解。     

新型水溶性萘啶基荧光材料的制备及性能研究

本文制备得到一种新型萘啶基的水溶性光致发光聚合物:聚丙烯酸(PAA)-2-苄氨基-7-甲基-1,8-萘啶,PAA₅-PAMN₂(PAMN是2-phenmethy-lamino-7-methyl-1,8-naphthyridine的缩写),经光谱分析和密度泛函理论计算,研究了化合物的结构和组成.这种聚合物在酸性和碱性条件下呈现最大的吸收波长分别为364和342 nm.Zn(OAc)₂的加入致使PAA₅-PAMN₂水溶液的荧光猝灭,而当OAc^-改变为NO₃^-时,在荧光强度不断降低的同时,由于NO₃^-离子的配位使最大发射波长从410 nm蓝移到400 nm.Na⁺+离子对其没有明显的荧光猝灭效应.     

新型半纤维素基磁性水凝胶的制备及性能

采用H2O2-Vc氧化还原体系引发半纤维素衍生物,以表面修饰的Fe3O4粒子作为磁性组分,利用接枝共聚方法制备了新型半纤维素基磁性水凝胶.分别用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对水凝胶的结构及形貌进行了表征,利用X射线衍射(XRD)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对水凝胶的晶型结构及磁性能进行了分析,发现Fe3O4粒子均匀分散在凝胶网络中,半纤维素基磁性水凝胶表现出良好的顺磁性.考察了丙烯酸/半纤维素比例、Fe3O4粒子含量及交联剂用量对水凝胶溶胀性能的影响,并探讨了该水凝胶的溶胀机理,它在pH 8缓冲溶液中的溶胀较好符合Fickian和Schott动力学模型.通过SEM和溶胀性能分析表明,随着pH值的升高水凝胶的孔径增大,水凝胶的溶胀率逐渐增大.制备的水凝胶被用于溶菌酶吸附研究,结果表明磁性凝胶的吸附量大于非磁性水凝胶,水凝胶的吸附行为符合Freundlich和Temkin等温模型.     

新型半纤维素基磁性水凝胶的制备及性能

采用H₂O₂-Vc氧化还原体系引发半纤维素衍生物,以表面修饰的Fe₃O₄粒子作为磁性组分,利用接枝共聚方法制备了新型半纤维素基磁性水凝胶. 分别用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对水凝胶的结构及形貌进行了表征,利用X射线衍射(XRD)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对水凝胶的晶型结构及磁性能进行了分析,发现Fe₃O₄粒子均匀分散在凝胶网络中,半纤维素基磁性水凝胶表现出良好的顺磁性. 考察了丙烯酸/半纤维素比例、Fe₃O₄粒子含量及交联剂用量对水凝胶溶胀性能的影响,并探讨了该水凝胶的溶胀机理,它在pH 8 缓冲溶液中的溶胀较好符合Fickian 和Schott 动力学模型. 通过SEM和溶胀性能分析表明,随着pH值的升高水凝胶的孔径增大,水凝胶的溶胀率逐渐增大. 制备的水凝胶被用于溶菌酶吸附研究,结果表明磁性凝胶的吸附量大于非磁性水凝胶,水凝胶的吸附行为符合Freundlich 和Temkin 等温模型.     

原油加剂降凝的研究

采用高温气相色谱分析了越南、阿曼和大庆原油中蜡的碳数及分布组成,采用偏光显微镜观察了不同蜡含量原油的蜡晶形态变化时,分析了蜡结晶过程中的结构、分布状态和生长规律与不同原油组成的关系,得出了蜡结晶过程与原油组成之间的变化规律。结合采用X射线衍射仪和DSC差示扫描量热仪对自制聚合物(MOA)的结晶度和热性能的分析测试,表明原油中蜡晶结构与聚合物的结晶度密切相关,结晶度变化时,蜡晶分散效果有所区别,两者匹配状态时分散效果最佳,体系的粘温特性研究也证明了这一点。同时,降凝剂使得系统的热性能——溶解焓和溶解熵均发生了改变,原油中石蜡的熔程变长,相变能变大。     

制备高活性纳米零价铁的甘露醇改性机理

纳米零价铁(Nano zero-valent iron,nZVI)被广泛应用于水污染治理,高纯度且分散性良好的nZVI的制备方法一直是研究热点.本文采用含不同羟基数目的醇(乙醇、乙二醇、赤藓糖醇、甘露醇和山梨醇)作为改性剂,分别制备得到n ZVI-EA,nZVI-EG,nZVI-ER,nZVI-M和nZVI-S样品.将上述样品应用于水中微囊藻毒素(Microcystin-LR,MC-LR)的还原去除.结果表明,随着改性剂羟基数目的增多,改性nZVI的抗氧化能力和分散性增强,对MC-LR的降解反应速率也随之提高.nZVI-M去除MC-LR的表面积校正特征速率常数(79.35×10^-5L·m^?2·min^?1)是nZVI-S(8.55×10^-5 L·m^?2·min^?1)的9.3倍,是未改性样品nZVI₀(1.30×10^-5 L·m^?2·min^?1)的61.0倍.通过X射线衍射...     

硅酸胶凝过程的显微研究

本文用不同浓度的盐酸酸化单硅酸钠溶液。硅酸胶凝过程中亚微观结构的变化通过显微录象和扫描电镜进行观察。结果发现,在碱性溶液中硅酸的胶凝过程分成三步。     

由凝胶因子形成的十四酸异丙酯超分子凝胶制备与表征

采用双十八烷基-L-苯丙氨酸(Bis18-L-Phe)为凝胶因子,制备了具有热可逆性的十四酸异丙酯(IPM)超分子凝胶。IPM凝胶相转变温度(Tgel)随Bis18-L-Phe浓度增大而增加。偏光显微镜(POM)显示在整个IPM凝胶中形成了相互缠绕的针状聚集体。FT-IR光谱分析表明Bis18-L-Phe分子间酰胺的氢键作用是IPM凝胶形成的一个重要驱动力。IPM凝胶动力学研究表明凝胶时间随Bis18-L-Phe浓度的增大而缩短,随着温度升高而延长,因此IPM凝胶时间可以通过温度和Bis18-L-Phe浓度调控。     

可聚合凝胶因子的合成及其有机凝胶热力学研究

合成了一种可聚合凝胶因子（Gelator)4，4’-二（α－甲基丙烯酰氧基－1， 3－亚乙氧基羰基丙酰氨基）二苯甲烷（BMDM）。BMDM能在二苯醚、甲苯、二甲苯 、氯苯等含苯环的低极性溶剂中形成热可逆的物理凝胶，而在二甲基甲酰胺、乙醇 和二氯甲烷等强极性溶剂中则易溶解，在乙醚、石油醚等非极性溶剂中不可溶解。 FT－IR和DSC研究该凝胶因子在二苯醚中形成的凝胶，发现该凝胶因子是通过氢键 等次价键力相互作用而聚集、自我组装形成凝胶的。利用溶胶－凝胶相转变和DSC 数据，研究了该有机凝胶的热力学参数和性质，BMDM在二苯醚中形成的凝胶聚集体 间的范德华弱相互作用焓为ΔH=0.8kJ·mol^-1，凝胶－溶胶相转变热焓为ΔH=22. 3kJ·mol^-1。     

Dynamic light scattering and small-angle neutron scattering studies on organogels formed with a gelator

Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and light scattering studies were carried out on an organogel consisting of a gelator, coded P-1, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The gelator was made of an oligosiloxane stem and about eight branches of an amino acid derivative combined with a long alkyl chain. The amino acid part, N-n-pentanoyl-L -isoleucylaminooctadecane, was responsible for intermolecular association via hydrogen bonding between amide groups. After the complete dissolution of P-1 in DMSO at 85 °C, the solution was cooled, and the variations of the scattered light intensity were monitored as a function of the temperature. The scattered intensity increased drastically at about 40 °C when the P-1 concentration (C) was 3.5 g/L, and this indicated gel formation. The SANS results showed that the scattering intensity function was a monotonically decreasing function, regardless of C. A master relationship of the scattering intensity was obtained with respect to C. These scattering studies disclosed the following facts. First, gelation could be monitored as an abrupt increase in the intensity. Second, the gel was composed of randomly oriented bundlelike clusters. Third, the structure factor could be reduced by the gelator concentration, and this indicated the presence of a self-similar structure across the gelation threshold. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 1841–1848, 2004     

Selective adsorption of D- and L-phenylalanine on molecularly-imprinted polymerized organogels formed using polymerizable gelator N-octadecyl maleamic acid

The polymerizable gelator N-octadecyl maleamic acid (ODMA) can self-assemble in selected polymerizable organic solvents, such as 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and methylacrylic acid (MAA) to form thermally stable polymerizable organogels. A mixture consisting of HEMA and MAA as the monomer and functional monomer, PEG dimethacrylates (PEG200DMA) as the crosslinker, BOC-L-phenylalanine (BPA) or L-phenylalanine ethyl ester (PEE) as the chiral templates, was gelatinized by ODMA firstly and subsequently polymerized by in situ UV irradiation or thermal initiation. The molecularly imprinted polymerized organogels were obtained after the removal of the templates through ethanol extraction. Selective adsorption of D- and L-phenylalanine was performed on the polymerized organogels. The results indicate rather high adsorption efficiency obtained for L-phenylalanine compared with that for D-phenylalanine, which was found to be dependent on the concentrations of ODMA, content of template, and the method of polymerization. Herein, the concentration of ODMA in the organogels played an important role for the adsorption efficiency of D- and L-phenylalanine.     

Preparation and solution properties of a novel cationic hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide for enhanced oil recovery

Abstract

A novel cationic water-soluble monomer allyldimethylisooctylammonium bromide (ADIAB) containing a short-chain alkane was synthesized successfully. This monomer was copolymerized with acrylamide and sodium acrylate to produce hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide (HMPAM) using solution polymerization without surfactants. The structures of monomer ADIAB and HMPAM were characterized with infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Influence of preparation condition on viscosities of products was studied. The aqueous solution viscosity of the terpolymer was also investigated as functions of concentration, temperature and salinity. The results showed that when the temperature exceeds the 60?°C and NaCl concentration exceeds about 2000?mg/L, the temperature and salt tolerance characters of terpolymer were demonstrated. The enhanced oil recovery tests were initially carried out using homogeneous sandpack models.     

Effects of organic solvents on the structure stability of TS-1 for the ammoximation of cyclohexanone

The effects of organic solvents on the ammoximation of cyclohexanone to cyclohexanone oxime with H₂O₂and NH₃ over TS-1 were studied. To investigate the effects of ammonia and organic solvents on the structure stability of the catalyst, TS-1 samples were pretreated under severe conditions in ammonia solution or ammonia solution plus methanol, toluene or t-butanol, respectively, and then characterized bySEM, XRD, FTIR, etc. The results revealed that t-butanol is the best solvent for the ammoximation reaction; ammonia tends to destroy the active sites, -Ti-O-Si- structure in TS-1, but the presence of organic solvents remarkably limits this damaging effect of ammonia.     

Dawson型磷钨钒杂多酸催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

环己酮乙二醇缩酮又称1,4-二氧杂螺[4,5]癸烷,系缩酮类化合物,是重要的化工中间体,可作为特殊的反应溶剂及羰基保护基团。由于缩酮具有优于母体羰基化合物特殊的香气,其作为新型香晶、香料在日用化工和食品工业中已得到广泛应用。环己乙二醇缩酮通常在腐蚀酸无机酸如硫酸作用下     

硫酸钛的催化活性

焙烧;环己酮缩酮;丁二酸二丁酯;硫酸钛的催化活性