THz波的小波变换频谱分析

将小波变换引入THz波时域光谱技术.将水蒸气的THz波时域信号通过小波变换转化为二维的时间-频率平面，得到了和文献报道数据相一致的水蒸气的吸收谱线.同时发现了THz波频谱的时域分布特性，这将有利于进一步研究THz波与物质相互作用的内在机理. 关键词： THz波 频谱分析 小波变换     

Effects of surface roughness on reflection spectra obtained by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy

We present an analytical model that shows that reflection from a rough surface causes a Gaussian frequency roll-off for the spectral magnitude of a terahertz wave and reduces the signal-to-noise ratio of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. The parameter that determines the width of the frequency roll-off is the standard deviation of the surface height distribution. Measurements of terahertz waves reflected from copper powder samples provide experimental evidence for this effect.     

Gas sensing using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy

Received: 25 February 1998     

基于太赫兹技术的药物检测

鉴于太赫兹辐射特有的光谱分辨性、功能性成像特点以及良好的穿透性和安全性等,太赫兹波谱技术迅速成为物质分析与检测等的重要工具。文章基于太赫兹时域光谱技术的实验数据,结合泛函密度理论(DFT)和HIPHOP模型,对一系列降糖类药物进行分子解析和功能基团识别;结合支持向量机理论(SVM),对4种郁金类中草药进行分析识别;并结合差式扫描量热法对葡萄糖—水合物的结晶水状态进行测定;最后对太赫兹时域技术在药物检测方面的优势和不足做了进一步的分析与展望。     

太赫兹时域光谱技术用于老化炸药检测

库存炸药老化情况的检测对炸药的性能、安全性和稳定性研究意义重大.现有的老化炸药检测手段,如扫描显微技术,傅里叶变换红外光谱技术,气相色谱-质谱技术等,或者不能分辨炸药老化与否,或者只能从表观上进行分析,不能反映炸药分子结构的变化.首先应用密度泛函理论(DFT),计算了炸药老化前后分子吸收频谱变化,从计算结果可以看出炸药分子老化前后的吸收光谱在老化前后变化明显;然后分析了太赫兹时域光谱(THz-TDS)系统及其分辨率和测量频谱范围,结合已有实验结果以及太赫兹波本身的特点,从可行性、准确性和实用性三方面对太赫兹时域光谱技术应用于炸药老化检测进行了论证,从而提出了应用太赫兹时域光谱技术进行炸药老化检测的新方法.     

Optical fiber-coupled InGaAs-based terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system

The successful demonstration of an optical fiber-coupled terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) system is described in this study. The terahertz output power of the emitter with two optical band rejection filters was 132 nW, which is an improvement of 70% over the output power without any filters. This improvement is due to the suppression of an optical modulated signal that is reverse-generated when an alternating current bias exceeding a certain threshold is applied to the emitter. Under the optimal alignment conditions, the terahertz detector in a fiber-coupled THz-TDS system clearly measured water vapor dips in the free space.     

Self-referenced method for terahertz wave time-domain spectroscopy

The method allows retrieval of the absorbance of a sample without the need for a reference measurement. The method measures the dynamic variation of frequency resolution as the waveform is being acquired. In terahertz wave time-domain spectroscopy, the frequency resolution increases as the temporal window increases. Therefore, narrow absorption peaks will appear in the spectrum when the temporal window is long enough to resolve the peak. By measuring the dynamic values of each frequency component at specific points in time, a reference value and a peak value are extracted and, hence, the self-referenced is achieved. In addition, the method provides a mechanism to remove the effects of echoes, which enables arbitrary temporal window length and, thus, achieves high-resolution frequency. Examples of extraction of the water vapor lines and resonant features in gas and semiconductors are demonstrated in transmission and reflection geometries.     

Waveguide terahertz time-domain spectroscopy of nanometer water layers

Waveguide terahertz time-domain spectroscopy is demonstrated to have the sensitivity to characterize nanometer-thick water layers on the surfaces of a parallel-plate metal waveguide. The measured far-infrared absorption and index of refraction of the 20-nm water layers are in reasonable self-consistent agreement with those of bulk water.     

Evaluation of moisturizing cream using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy

Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy is a useful tool for material characterization because it provides both temporal and frequency domain information. In this work, we perform terahertz time-domain spectroscopy for evaluation of commercial moisturizing cream cosmetics. By measurement of terahertz transmission, the change of complex refractive index by exposure of the cosmetic samples in ambient condition is obtained. The tendency of terahertz transmission change is different from that of mass change, which implies that terahertz response becomes a new characterization tool for moisturizing cosmetics. Our results show that terahertz time-domain spectroscopy has potential application on cosmetic testing.     

利用太赫兹时域光谱技术对环三亚甲基三硝胺（RDX）振动谱的研究

 针对爆炸物及其相关成分的感测科学和技术对于国土安全和国家防御有着至关重要的地位,对单质炸药环三亚甲基三硝胺（RDX）进行了太赫兹（THz）谱的实验测量和理论分析。利用太赫兹时域光谱技术（THz-TDS）给出了这些炸药样品在0.2THz～2.5THz范围内的折射率和吸收系数。利用密度泛函理论进行的理论模拟与实验结果符合较好。结果发现,单质炸药RDX具有特征吸收峰,利用THz-TDS技术可以对单质炸药进行检测和识别。     

Integrated injection seeded terahertz source and amplifier for time-domain spectroscopy

We used a terahertz (THz) quantum cascade laser (QCL) as an integrated injection seeded source and amplifier for THz time-domain spectroscopy. A THz input pulse is generated inside a QCL by illuminating the laser facet with a near-IR pulse from a femtosecond laser and amplified using gain switching. The THz output from the QCL is found to saturate upon increasing the amplitude of the THz input power, which indicates that the QCL is operating in an injection seeded regime.     

Photoexcited GaAs surfaces studied by transient terahertz time-domain spectroscopy

The transmission characteristics of an air-GaAs interface and the transient absorption and index spectra of the thin, photoexcited surface layer are investigated subsequent to excitation by a femtosecond laser pulse. We find that the total phase change and transmission of a terahertz (THz) probe pulse are dominated by interface effects. This observation has important implications in the interpretation of THz time-domain spectroscopy data of absorbing media. We also observe that the THz pulse apparently arrives at the detector as much as 60 fs earlier when it is transmitted through an optically excited GaAs wafer. This effect is fully explained in terms of a frequency-dependent transmission and phase shift at the air-GaAs interface and is not associated with superluminal propagation.     

Probing the sulfur content in gasoline quantitatively with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy

Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy(THz-TDS)was used for the quantitative detection of sulfur content in gasoline.Models of chemo metrics methods and partial least squares(PLS)were built to measure THz-TDS and the sulfur content.All of the samples were divided into two parts.One part was used for calibration and the other one for validation.In order to evaluate the quality of the models,the correlation coefficient(R)and root-mean-square errors(RMSE)of calibration and validation models were calculated.The value of R and RMSE were close to 1 and 0 within acceptable levels,respectively,indicating that the combination of THz-TDS and PLS is a potential method for further quantitative detection.     

Studying human and animal skin optical properties by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy

Human and rat skin reflection spectra and the effect of glucose and glycerol on these spectra are studied in vivo by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in the frequency range of 0.1–2.0 THz. Variations in skin optical properties proved to correlate with changes in the blood glucose level.     

菊酯农药的太赫兹时域光谱定性和定量检测

拟除虫菊酯类农药是一类能防治多种害虫的广谱杀虫剂,主要用于卫生杀虫和农田害虫防治。利用太赫兹时域光谱技术对室温状态下的三种常用于农田害虫防治的菊酯农药高效氯氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯及溴氰菊酯进行了研究,三种菊酯农药根据其在0.2～2.2THz的吸收谱可清晰地分辨;采用线性回归和偏最小二乘回归对溴氰菊酯、聚乙烯混合物进行定量分析。偏最小二乘回归取得更好结果,其中溴氰菊酯含量的检出限达2.0%,获得的均方差为0.55%,绝对偏差均小于0.8%。结果表明THz-TDS技术在农药分子识别及含量检测方面有很大潜力。     

Defect modes in photonic crystal slabs studied using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy

We describe broadband coherent transmission studies of two-dimensional photonic crystals consisting of a hexagonal array of air holes in a dielectric slab in a planar waveguide. By filling several of the air holes in the photonic crystal slab, we observe the signature of a defect mode within the stop band, in both the amplitude and phase spectra. The experimental results are in reasonable agreement with theoretical calculations using the transfer matrix method.     

Far-infrared conductivity of CuS nanoparticles measured by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy

This paper reports that terahertz time-domain spectroscopy is used to measure the optical properties of CuS nanoparticles in composite samples. The complex conductivity of pure CuS nanoparticles is extracted by applying the Bruggeman effective medium theory. The experimental data are consistent with the Drude--Smith model of conductivity in the range of 0.2--1.5~THz. The results demonstrate that carriers become localized with a backscattering behaviour in small-size nanostructures. In addition, the time constant for the carrier scattering is obtained and is only 64.3~{fs} due to increased electron interaction with interfaces and grain boundaries.     

Investigation of copper sulfate pentahydrate dehydration by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy

Copper sulfate pentahydrate is investigated by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. It is shown that the terahertz absorption coefficients are correlated with the particle size of the samples, as well as the heating rates of the ambient temperature. Furthermore, the water molecules of copper sulfate pentahydrate can be quantitatively characterized due to the high sensitivity of the terahertz wave to water molecules. Based on such results, the status of water incorporated in mineral opal is also characterized using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. It indicates that terahertz technology can be considered as an efficient method to detect the dehydration of minerals.     

High-speed terahertz time-domain spectroscopy based on electronically controlled optical sampling

We demonstrate high-speed terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy based on electronically controlled optical sampling (ECOPS). The ECOPS system utilizes two synchronized Ti:sapphire femtosecond lasers with a 100 MHz repetition frequency. The time delay between the two laser pulses is demonstrated to be rapidly swept at a scan rate of 1 kHz on a time delay window of 77 ps by using an external offset voltage applied to a locking electronics. It is shown that a THz pulse can be exactly measured by ECOPS, as is done by asynchronous optical sampling (ASOPS), and the measurement time is shortened by a factor of 50 by using ECOPS compared with ASOPS in the case of employing 100 MHz repetition-rate lasers.     

太赫兹时域光谱技术在玉米种子鉴定中的实验研究

用太赫兹时域光谱技术对农大108和郑单958两种玉米种子的胚和DNA进行了探测。给出了种子胚在太赫兹波段不同时的折射率曲线。对比了两种玉米种子胚吸收光谱的异同。为深化实验,对两种玉米种子DNA的吸收光谱进行了对比,并进行了相关讨论。该研究为将太赫兹时域光谱技术应用于玉米种子的鉴定打下了实验基础。