Beauty-conserving strangeness-changing rare semileptonic decays ofB s meson

The beauty-conserving strangeness-changing decays ofB _s meson are examined. In the charm sector, charm-conserving strangeness changing (Δc = 0, Δs ≠ 0) decays are Cabibbo suppressed and are governed by the CKM elementV _us which is much smaller than the CKM diagonal elementV _cs, so may be of little interest. On the other hand, in theb-sector, beauty-conserving strangeness changing (Δb = 0, Δs ≠ 0) decays are CKM allowed as the CKM matrix elementV _us governing such decays is much larger thanV _bc orV _bu which govern respectively theb →c orb →u transitions. The phase space available, however, is too small for the decays considered here. The numerical estimates for the decay widths of two such modes ofB _s meson are presented.     

New physics hints in B decays and collider outlook

There are currently two hints for new physics involving CP violation in b → s transitions: ΔS ≡ S _f − S _J ^ϕK ≠ 0, and difference in direct CP asymmetry ΔA _Kπ ≡ A _K+π ⁰ − A _K+π ⁻ ≠ 0. We explore the two scenarios with a large and unique new CP phase in b ↔ s transitions. Motivated by ΔS ≠ 0, we update on the right-handed strange-beauty squark sb _1R at TeV scale. Motivated by ΔA _Kπ ≠ 0, we explore sequential fourth generation t′ and b′ quarks. Both scenarios can survive constraints such as SM level b → sγ, sll and B _s mixing, and predict sizable CP violation in B _s mixing. The fourth generation picture predicts sizable K _L → π ⁰ vv. Direct search for sb _R, b′ and t′ at hadronic colliders, such as Tevatron Run II and LHC, can complement further CP violation studies at these machines, as well as at the future Super B factory.     

Universal relation between spectroscopic constants

A universal relation between the Sutherland parameter, Δ (= k _e r _e ^/2 /2D _e) and the dimensionless parameter G (= 8ω _e x _e /B _e ), has been established using 40 electronic states, which include ground as well as excited states of polar and non-polar molecules. This relation is used to predict the dissociation energy of four lowest electronic states of S ₂ molecule. The respective values for the states X ³Σ _g ^/− , a ¹Δ _g , b ¹Σ _g ^/+ and B ³Σ _u ^/− turn out to be 36557, 31431, 28247 and 13429 cm⁻¹, and are in good agreement with the experimental values. Furthermore, metastable states a ¹Δ _g and b ¹Σ _g ^/+ of S ₂ are shown to dissociate into ³ P ₁ + ³ P ₁ as against the dissociation of X ³Σ _g ^/− into ³ P ₂ + ³ P ₁. In addition, a relation between Sutherland parameter Δ and internuclear distance r _e , viz., Δ=2.2r _e has been obtained for the ground state of alkali diatomic molecules.     

The exclusive reaction of pion quasi-elastic knockout from nucleon <Emphasis Type="Italic">p(e,e′ π)B</Emphasis> to various states of the final baryon-spectator <Emphasis Type="Italic">B</Emphasis> and the quark models for the pion cloud of nucleon

The pion momentum distributions (MDs) in four channels of virtual decay p→B+π, B = N, Δ, N _1/2-(1535), N _1/2+(1440) are calculated in two models, the microscopic model of ³ P ₀ scalar q−q fluctuation with the pion as a composite q−q-system and the chiral semi-microscopic model of πq interaction with the pion as a structureless Goldstone boson. The results of the above models are similar for the baryon states B = N, Δ, N _1/2-(1535) but are rather different for the Roper resonance N _1/2+(1440) which corresponds to excitation of two oscillator quanta in the nucleon. The experimental investigation of pion MDs by means of the reaction of quasi-elastic knockout of pion by an electron of a few GeV energy p(e, e′ π)B may be very suitable for Jefferson Laboratory, Virginia (JLab).     

Study of the reaction γp → pπ0η

The reaction γp → pπ⁰η has been studied with the CBELSA detector at the tagged photon beam of the Bonn electron stretcher facility. The reaction shows contributions from Δ⁺(1232)η , N(1535)⁺π⁰ and pa ₀(980) as intermediate states. A partial-wave analysis suggests that the reaction proceeds via formation of six Δ -resonances, Δ(1600)P ₃₃ , Δ(1920)P ₃₃ , Δ(1700)D ₃₃ , Δ(1940)D ₃₃ , Δ(1905)F ₃₅ , Δ(2360)D ₃₃ , and two nucleon resonances N(1880)P ₁₁ and N(2200)P ₁₃ , for which pole positions and decay branching ratios are given.     

Magnetic and transport properties of monocrystalline<Emphasis Type="Italic">Fe</Emphasis><Subscript>3</Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">O</Emphasis><Subscript>4</Subscript>

A monocrystal ofFe ₃ O ₄ is characterized by resistance, magnetoresistance and magnetic measurements in a temperature range from 4.2 K to 350 K and magnetic field-cycling from −9 T to 9 T. The resistance measurements revealed a metal-insulator Verwey transition (VT) atT _v =123.76 K with activation energy E=92.5 meV at T >T _v and temperature-substitute for the activation energy below the VT,T ₀=E/k _B ≈3800 K within 70 K–110K. The magnetotransport results independently verified the VT at 123.70 K, with discontinuous change in the magnetic moment ΔM≈0.21 ΔM≈0.21μ _B and resistance hysteresis, dependent on the magnetic field in a narrow temperature range of 0.4° around theT _v . The magnetic characterization established self consistentlyT _v as ≈123.67 K, the jump in the magnetization at the VT≈0.25μ _B and confirmed, that the magnetocrystalline anisotropy is the main microscopic mechanism responsible for the magnetization of the monocrystal (88%) with additional natural and imposed defects contributing as 12%.     

Strong isospin violation andη−π mixing in |ΔS|=1 weak transition

We consider the effects ofη−π mixing on the violation of the |ΔI|=1/2 rule in |ΔS|=1 weak transitions. The processes considered are theK→2π,K→3π, Λ, Ξ and Λ hyperon decays.     

Microwave spectrum ofcis 3-fluorophenol

The microwave spectrum ofcis 3-fluorophenol involving rotational states up toJ=28 has been observed and analysed in the frequency range 23–25 GHz in the ground vibrational state at room temperature. Analysis yields three rotational and five quartic centrifugal distortion constants. A tentativer ₀ structure has been proposed satisfying the observed rotational constants. The small value of the inertia defect Δ=0·07 confirms the planarity of the conformer.     

Strong decay Δ<Superscript>++</Superscript>→<Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">π</Emphasis> with light-cone QCD sum rules

We calculate the strong coupling constant g _{ΔN π} and study the strong decay Δ⁺⁺→p π with light-cone QCD sum rules. The numerical value of the strong coupling constant g _{ΔN π} is consistent with the experimental data. The small discrepancy may be due to the failure to take into account perturbative corrections.     

Thermodynamic non-additivity in disordered systems with extended phase space

Non-additivity effects in coupled dynamic-stochastic systems are investigated. It is shown that there is a mapping of the replica approach to disordered systems with finite replica indexn on Tsallis non-extensive statistics, if the average thermodynamic entropy of the dynamic subsystem differs from the information entropy for the probability distribution in the stochastic subsystem. The entropic indexq is determined by the entropy difference ΔS. In the case of incomplete information, the entropic indexq=1−n is shown to be related to the degree of lost information.     

Some consequences of neutral current systematics

Two kinds of general consequences of the ΔS=0 weak hadron neutral current independent of a gauge model are presented. Firstly are results which depend on the quark parton model. These involve bounds among neutrino inclusive cross-section and a bound onQ(Z, N) in terms of these inclusive cross-sections. Secondly are results which are independent of the quark-parton model and depend only on the SU(3) structure of the most general ΔS=0 neutral current. These tests of isopin and speciallyU-spin properties of the current are given forv+N→v+hadron+anything,v+N→v+baryon+meson ande ⁺ e ⁻→baryon+anti-baryon. In addition some conjectures are made with regard to the semi-inclusive neutrino-reactions using the quark parton model.     

Magnetic dipole,electric quadrupole and magnetic octupole moments of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Δ</Emphasis> baryons in light cone QCD sum rules

Due to the very short life time of the Δ baryons, a direct measurement on the electromagnetic moments of these systems is almost impossible in the experiment and can only be done indirectly. Although only for the magnetic dipole moments of Δ ⁺⁺ and Δ ⁺ systems there are some experimental data, the theoretical, phenomenological and lattice calculations could play crucial role. In the present work, the magnetic dipole (μ _Δ ), electric quadrupole (Q _Δ ) and magnetic octupole (O _Δ ) moments of these baryons are computed within the light cone QCD sum rules. The results are compared with the predictions of the other phenomenological approaches, lattice QCD and existing experimental data.     

δ/γ transformation in non-equilibrium solidified peritectic Fe-Ni alloy

Through phase transformation kinetic analysis and experimental observation, the δ/γ transformation occurring in the non-equilibrium peritectic Fe-4.33at.%Ni alloys was systematically investigated. According to JMA solid-state transformation kinetic theory, the Time-Temperature-Transformation (TTT) curves of the δ/γ transformation in peritectic Fe-Ni alloy were calculated. On this basis, the physical correlation between the δ/γ transformation and the initial undercooling of melt (△T) was elucidated. The results indicate that the change of △T can alter not only the overall δ/γ transformation pathways but also the transformation fraction with respect to each transformation mechanism.     

On conformally related pp-waves

Brinkmann [1] has shown that conformally related distinct Ricci flat solutions are pp-waves. Brinkmann’s result has been generalized to include the conformally invariant source terms. It has been shown that [4] if g _ik and _ik (=w ⁻² g _ik ; w: a scalar function), are distinct metrics having the same Einstein tensor, G _ik = _ik , then both represent (generalized) pp-waves and w _i is a null covariantly constant vector of g _ik . Thus pp-waves are the only candidates which yield conformally related nontrivial solutions of G _ik =T _ik = _ik , with T _ik being conformally invariant source. In this paper the functional form of the conformal factor for the conformally related pp-waves/generalized pp-waves has been obtained. It has been shown that the most general pp-wave, conformally related to ds ²=−2du[dv−mdy=Hdu]+P ⁻²[dy ²+dz ²], turns out to be (au+b)⁻² ds ², where a,b are constants. Only in the special case when m=0, H=1, and P=P(y, z), the conformal factor is (au+b)⁻² or (a(u+v)+b)⁻².     

Wave mechanics of two hard core quantum particles in A 1-D box

The wave mechanics of two impenetrable hard core particles in a 1-D box is analyzed. Each particle in the box behaves like an independent entity represented by a macro-orbital (a kind of pair waveform). While the expectation value of their interaction, 〈 V _HC (x) 〉, vanishes for every state of two particles, the expectation value of their relative separation, 〈 x 〉, satisfies 〈 x 〉≥λ/2 (or q ≥ π/d, with 2d=L being the size of the box). The particles in their ground state define a close-packed arrangement of their wave packets (with 〈 x 〉= λ/2, phase position separation Δϕ = 2π and momentum |q _o| = π/d) and experience a mutual repulsive force (zero point repulsion) f _o =h ²/2md ³ which also tries to expand the box. While the relative dynamics of two particles in their excited states represents usual collisional motion, the same in their ground state becomes collisionless. These results have great significance in determining a correct microscopic understanding of widely different many-body systems.     

Positron annihilation study for cadmium (electronic structure and enhancement effect)

The three dimensional electron density in momentum space ρ(p) and in wave vector space n(k) was reconstructed for cadmium (Cd). The measurements were performed using the two dimensional angular correlation of annihilation radiation (2D-ACAR) technique. Enhanced contributions in the spectra were observed around 5.5 mrad, discussed in terms of a Kahana-like enhancement effect. From another viewpoint, Fermi radii were analyzed in the (λM K), (ALM) and (AHK) planes, and they showed a maximum deviation of about 4% from the free electron Fermi radius. Moreover, comparisons to a radio-frequency size effect (RFSE) experiment and theoretical band structure calculations (using augmented plane wave (APW), linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO) and linear muffin tin orbital (LMTO) methods) were examined. The results showed a qualitative agreement with both APW and LCAO calculations. However, a favorable agreement with the APW method was determined via Fermi surface dimensions. The differences of bands' occupation of n(k) between the current work and the APW method were argued in view of positron wave function in Cd.     

New physics with beauty

We review the effects of new physics on CP asymmetries and decays of B mesons. Possible sources and corresponding signals for new physics are studied briefly. We discuss how the decay mode b → s ℓℓ (and B → K*ℓℓ) will enable us to understand the nature of new physics. We also examine the possibility of truly clean signature of new physics — a signature based on observables alone and without hadronic uncertainties.     

Ion flux's pressure dependence in an asymmetric capacitively coupled rf discharge in NF<Subscript>3</Subscript>

Starting from an analytical macroscopic/phenomenological model yielding the self-bias voltage as a function of the absorbed radio-frequency (rf) power of an asymmetric capacitively coupled discharge in NF₃ this paper studies the dependence of the ion flux onto the powered electrode on the gas pressure. An essential feature of the model is the assumption that the ions' drift velocity in the sheath near the powered electrode is proportional to E ^α, where E=−ΔU (U being the self-bias potential), and α is a coefficient depending on the gas pressure and cross section of elastic ion-neutral collisions. The model also considers the role of γ-electrons, stochastic heating as well as the contribution of the active electron current to the global discharge power balance. Numerically solving the model's basic equations one can extract the magnitude of the ion flux (at three different gas pressures) in a technological etching device (Alcatel GIR 220) by using easily measurable quantities, notably the self-bias voltage and absorbed rf power.     

Excitation of the Roper resonance in single- and double-pion production in nucleon-nucleon collisions⋆

In most investigations the Roper resonance is sensed only very indirectly via complex partial-wave analyses. We find indications for its excitation in the invariant nπ⁺ mass spectrum of the pp → npπ⁺ reaction at M ≈ 1360 MeV with a width of ≈ 150 MeV . The values fit very favorably to the most recent phase shift results as well as to the observations at BES. In the near-threshold two-pion production pp → ppπ⁰π⁰ , where the Roper excitation and its subsequent decays via the routes N ^* → Δπ → Nππ and N ^* → Nσ are the only dominant processes, we find its direct decay into the Nσ channel to be the by far dominating decay process --in favor of a monopole excitation of the Roper resonance.