β-环糊精的双官能化

通过两条路线对β-环糊精进行双官能化合成了3个带双官能团的β-环糊精--叠氮基对甲苯磺酰基β-环糊精(3), 二对甲苯磺酰基β-环糊精(4)和二叠氮基β-环糊精(5).对甲苯磺酰基β-环糊精(1)的对甲苯磺酰基被叠氮基取代制得单叠氮基β-环糊精(2);2与对甲苯磺酰咪唑反应得到3.1先与对甲苯磺酰咪唑反应生成4;4的对甲苯磺酰基被叠氮基取代得到5.3～5的结构经1H NMR, IR和元素分析表征.     

2-芳基戊二酸酯的合成

在K2CO3-TEBA相转移催化体系中,4位或2位含有—NO2的苯磺酰基乙酸酯与α,β-不饱和酯发生加成-重排反应,制得2-芳基戊二酸酯,其收率较高(73%～87%)。研究了反应物-芳磺酰基乙酸酯苯环上取代基对加成-重排反应的影响,发现只有当芳环上4位或2位有硝基时,在K2CO3-TEBA相转移催化体系中,芳磺酰基乙酸酯与α,β-不饱和酯反应才可发生加成-重排反应,生成2-芳基戊二酸酯,其机理可能是芳磺酰基乙酸酯与α,β-不饱和酯首先发生Michael加成反应,随后加成产物发生分子内的亲核取代,酸化后脱去SO2得2-芳基戊二酸酯。而当芳环上4位或2位含有给电子基团(如,甲基)或弱吸电子基团(如,氯)时,却只能发生正常的Michael加成反应,生成相应的2-芳磺酰基戊二酸酯。     

4,5-二苯基-2-取代基-1-磺酰基咪唑的合成

用多种磺酰氯或磺酸酐与4,5-二苯基-2-取代-1-磺酰基咪唑负离子反应, 合成了10个未见文献报道的1-磺酰基咪唑类化合物. 所有化合物均经1H NMR和13C NMR确证.     

钯催化选择性构筑(Z)-[3]戟烯反应研究

本工作发展了钯催化下芳甲醛对甲苯磺酰腙与膦酰基取代联烯的偶联反应, 顺利地以中等至良好的收率及较高的立体选择性制备了一系列(Z)-[3]戟烯衍生物. 不同于烷基取代的苯磺酰腙与烯烃的简单偶联, 该反应使用芳甲醛对甲苯磺酰腙作为底物, 经由1,3-钯迁移历程成功构筑了两个C=C双键. 在最优反应条件下, 该反应展示了较宽的底物适用范围和较高的立体选择性. 最终以31个反应实例获得一系列(Z)-[3]戟烯衍生物, 最高79%分离产率和>20:1 Z/E选择性, 为(Z)-[3]戟烯衍生物的合成应用提供了简便高效的方法.     

2-芳氧基-5-苯基-1,3,4-噁二唑类化合物的合成

本文通过芳氧基负离子在2—甲磺酰基—苯基—1,3,4—噁二唑环2—位上的亲核取代反应制得9个新的2—芳氧基—5—苯基—l,3,4—噁二唑衍生物。所有化合物的结构经元素分析,IR,~1H NMR和MS确认。初步抗菌实验表明这些化合物具有一定的抑制枯草芽孢杆菌繁殖的活性。 2,5—二取代l,3,4—噁二唑衍生物具有广泛的生物活性,如抗菌,抗黄球菌,除草杀棉花牙虫等。Madhavan等曾通过芳胺在2— 甲磺酰基—5—芳基1,3,4—噁二唑环上的亲核取代反应,制得了2—芳氨基—5—芳基—l,3,4—噁二唑衍生物,我们也曾通过酰肼等亲核试剂在2—甲磺酰基—5—(3,4,5—三甲氧基苯基)—1,3,4—噁二唑环上的亲核取代反应,得到了2—取代酰肼基—5—(3,4,5—三甲氧基苯基)—l,3,4—噁二唑衍生物。在此基础上,我们拟通过Aro在2—甲磺酰基     

区域选择性合成2-取代磺酰基亚肼基-3-全乙酰糖基-2,3-二氢噻唑及其表征、生物活性研究

以取代磺酰肼和糖基异硫氰酸酯反应,生成8种1-取代磺酰基-4-全乙酰糖基氨基硫脲,然后在ClCH2CHO/CH3COONa/DMF条件下关环,区域选择性地合成了一系列新型2-取代磺酰基亚肼基-3-全乙酰糖基-2,3-二氢噻唑.化合物3e的1H-13CHMBC谱图表明1-取代磺酰基-4-全乙酰糖基氨基硫脲与氯乙醛的缩合反应关环位置为氨基硫脲的N-4,而非N-2.所有新化合物的结构均经过1HNMR,13CNMR和元素分析确证,生物活性初步测定结果表明该类二氢噻唑化合物具有一定的除草活性.     

(R)-和(S)-石蚕蛾属于信息素的合成

以樟脑衍生物(-)-莰烷磺内酰胺为原料,经N-(E-2-烷烯酰基)莰烷-10,2-磺内酰胺与烷基格氏试剂的不对称Michael加成反应,LiAlH4还原断裂,3-甲基已醇的碘代反应及有机镉试剂与丙酰氯的偶联反应制得(R)-和(S)-石蚕蛾雄性性信息素6-甲基于-3-壬酮,其光学纯度达96%ee以上。     

合成2-芳基-3-烷基-7-硝基-1,4-氧硫杂萘-4,4-二氧化物的新方法

在K₂CO₃－TEBA－DNIF体系中,2－(2-氧-4-硝基苯磺酰基)－1-芳基乙酮与各种烷基化试剂发生烷基化-环化反应,得到一系列3-位取代的1,4-氧硫杂萘4,4-二氧化物,并讨论了反应机理和反应条件.     

(-)-莰烷磺内酰胺法合成(S)和(R)切叶蚁警界信息素

本文以樟脑衍生物(-)-莰烷磺内酰胺(2)为原料，经N-烷酰基莰烷-2,10-磺内酰胺(3)与碘代烷的不对称烷基化反应，用二锂代乙基苯基砜取代磺内酰胺助剂以及铝汞还原性脱硫反应等三步合成(S)和(R)-切叶蚁警界信息素(1)，其光学纯度高达95%e.e.以上。     

N'-取代苯磺酰基N-(4,6-二取代均-三氮苯-2-基)乙二胺的合成

N-芳基磺酰乙二胺与三聚氰氯反应获得三个新缩合产物, 缩合产物再与醇钠反应得到六个N-取代苯磺酰基-N'-取代均三嗪基乙二胺衍生物, 所有化合物都表现出对植物生长的抑制作用, 可用于筛选除草剂.     

A highly selective synthesis of 1‐substituted (E)‐buta‐1,3‐dienes with 4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐2‐vinyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaborolane as building block

Highly selective synthesis of 1‐substituted (E)‐buta‐1,3‐dienes via palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling of (E)‐alkenyl iodides with 4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐2‐vinyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaborolane ( 1 ) is reported. The vinylboronate pinacol ester ( 1 ) acts as a vinyl building block to show high chemoselectivity for the Suzuki–Miyaura pathway versus Heck coupling in the presence of biphasic conditions (Pd(PPh₃)₄, aqueous K₂CO₃, toluene and ethanol). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Stereospecific synthesis of a family of novel (E)‐2‐aryl‐1‐silylalka‐1,4‐dienes or (E)‐4‐aryl‐5‐silylpenta‐1,2,4‐trienes via a cross‐coupling of (Z)‐silyl(stannyl)ethenes with allyl halides or propargyl bromide

Stereospecific synthesis of a family of novel (E)‐2‐aryl‐1‐silylalka‐1,4‐dienes or (E)‐4‐aryl‐5‐silylpenta‐1,2,4‐trienes via a cross‐coupling of (Z)‐silyl(stannyl)ethenes with allyl halides or propargyl bromide is described. In the reaction with allyl bromide, either a Pd(dba)₂? CuI combination (dba, dibenzylideneacetone) in DMF or copper(I) iodide in DMSO–THF readily catalyzes or mediates the coupling reaction of (Z)‐silyl(stannyl)ethenes at room temperature, producing novel vinylsilanes bearing an allyl group β to silicon with cis ‐disposition in good yields. Allyl chlorides as halides can be used in the CuI‐mediated reaction. CuI alone much more effectively mediates the cross‐coupling reaction with propargyl bromide in DMSO–THF at room temperature compared with a Pd(dba)₂? CuI combination catalysis in DMF, providing novel stereodefined vinylsilanes bearing an allenyl group β to silicon with cis ‐disposition in good yields. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of N‐Substituted‐3‐amino‐4‐cyano‐isoquinoline‐1(2H)‐ones by the Reaction of N‐Substituted‐2‐iodobenzamides with Malononitrile

A novel Cu(OAc)₂·H₂O catalyzed coupling reaction of N‐substituted‐2‐iodobenzamides with malononitrile to afford N‐substituted‐3‐amino‐4‐cyano‐isoquinoline‐1(2H)‐ones is described. The reaction proceeded in DMSO at 90°C for 5 h in nitrogen without external ligands.     

Palladium‐Catalyzed Annulation of 1,2‐Diborylalkenes and ‐Arenes with 1‐Bromo‐2‐[(Z)‐2‐bromoethenyl]arenes: A Modular Approach to Multisubstituted Naphthalenes and Fused Phenanthrenes

(Z)‐1,2‐Diaryl‐1,2‐bis(pinacolatoboryl)ethenes underwent double‐cross‐coupling reactions with 1‐bromo‐2‐[(Z)‐2‐bromoethenyl]arenes in the presence of [Pd(PPh₃)₄] as a catalyst and 3 M aqueous Cs₂CO₃ as a base in THF at 80 °C. The double‐coupling reaction gave multisubstituted naphthalenes in good to high yields. Annulation of 1,2‐bis(pinacolatoboryl)arenes with bromo(bromoethenyl)arenes in the presence of a catalyst system that consisted of [Pd₂(dba)₃] (dba=dibenzylideneacetone) and 2‐dicyclohexylphosphino‐2′,6′‐dimethoxybiphenyl (SPhos) under the same conditions produced fused phenanthrenes in good to high yields. The first annulation coupling occurred regiospecifically at the bromoethenyl moiety. This procedure is applicable to the facile synthesis of polysubstituted anthracenes, benzothiophenes, and dibenzoanthracenes through a double annulation pathway by using the corresponding dibromobis[(Z)‐2‐bromoethenyl]benzenes as diboryl coupling partners.     

Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihalogenated Furan‐2‐(5 H)‐ones by Electrophilic Cyclization of 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐alkynoates

Functionalized 3,4‐dihalogenated furan‐2(5 H)‐ones can be readily prepared in moderate to good yields by treating 4‐hydroxy‐4‐arylbut‐2‐ynoate derivatives with ICl, IBr, and I₂. Both halogen atoms of the electrophile are incorporated in the product. The resulting halides can further afford polycyclic aromatic compounds using known palladium‐catalyzed coupling reactions.     

Synthesis of α‐(Fluorophenyl)pyridine by Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction

A series of α‐(fluoro‐substituted phenyl)pyridines have been synthesized by means of a palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction between fluoro‐substituted phenylboronic acid and 2‐bromopyridine or its derivatives. The reactivities of the phenylboronic acids containing di‐ and tri‐fluoro substituents with α‐pyridyl bromide were investigated in different catalyst systems. Unsuccessful results were observed in the Pd/C and PPh₃ catalyst system due to phenylboronic acid containing electron‐withdrawing F atom(s). For the catalyst system of Pd(OAc)₂/PPh₃, the reactions gave moderate yields of 55% –80%, meanwhile, affording 10% –20% of dimerisation (self‐coupling) by‐products, but trace products were obtained in coupling with 2,4‐difluorophenylboronic acids because of steric hinderance. Pd(PPh₃)₄ was more reactive for boronic acids with sterically hindering F atom(s), and the coupling reactions gave good yields of 90% and 91% without any self‐coupling by‐product.     

Efficient Synthesis of Dialkyl (2Z)‐2‐[(E)‐1‐Aryl‐2‐(3‐arylquinoxalin‐2‐yl)ethenyl]but‐2‐enedioates

The reaction of dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates 4 with 1‐aryl‐2‐[(3‐arylquinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ylidene)ethanones 3 in the presence of Ph₃P leads to dialkyl (2Z)‐2‐[(E)‐1‐aryl‐2‐(3‐arylquinoxalin‐2‐yl)ethenyl]but‐2‐enedioates 1 in good yields.     

Novel and Stereospecific Synthesis of (2S)‐3‐(2,4,5‐Trifluorophenyl)propane‐1,2‐diol from D‐Mannitol

A stereospecific synthesis of (2S)‐3‐(2,4,5‐trifluorophenyl)propane‐1,2‐diol from D ‐mannitol has been developed. The reaction of 2,3‐O‐isopropylidene‐D ‐glyceraldehyde with 2,4,5‐trifluorophenylmagnesium bromide gave [(4R)‐2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐yl](2,4,5‐trifluorophenyl)methanol in 65% yield as a mixture of diastereoisomers (1 : 1). The Ph₃P catalyzed reaction of the latter with C₂Cl₆ followed by reduction with Pd/C‐catalyzed hydrogenation gave (2S)‐3‐(2,4,5‐trifluorophenyl)propane‐1,2‐diol with >99% ee and 65% yield.     

Coupling selectivity in the radical‐controlled oxidative polymerization of 4‐phenoxyphenol catalyzed by (1,4,7‐triisopropyl‐1,4,7‐triazacyclononane)copper(II) complex

Various effects on the coupling selectivity of the oxidative polymerization of 4‐phenoxyphenol catalyzed by (1,4,7‐triisopropyl‐1,4,7‐triazacyclononane)copper(II) halogeno complex [Cu(tacn)X₂] are described. With respect to the amount of the catalyst and the nature of the halide ion (X) of Cu(tacn)X₂, the coupling selectivity hardly changed. The Cu(tacn) catalyst possessed a turnover number greater than 1860. As the temperature of the reaction and the polarity of the reaction solvent were elevated, the C O coupling at the o‐position increased, but the C C coupling was not involved. For the polymerization in toluene at 80 °C, poly(1,4‐phenylene oxide), obtained as a methanol‐insoluble part, showed the highest number‐average molecular weight of 4000 with a melting point (T_m) of 195 °C. Only a slight change in the coupling selectivity was observed in the presence or absence of hindered amines as the base. Surprisingly, however, the C O selectivity decreased from 100 to 24% with less hindered amines, indicating that the selectivity drastically changed from a preference for C O coupling to a preference for C C coupling. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 4792–4804, 2000     

Synthesis of 4‐halo‐2 (5H)‐furanones and their suzuki‐coupling reactions with organoboronic acids. A general route to 4‐aryl‐2 (5 H) ‐furanones

4‐Halo‐2(5H)‐furanones were prepared by the halolactonization of 2,3‐allenoic acids. The subsequent Suzuki coupling reaction of 4‐halo 2(5H)‐furanones with aryl boronic acids was carried out to produce 4‐aryl‐2(5H)‐furanones in excellent yields.