Fabrication and characteristics of thin disc piezoelectric transformers based on piezoelectric buzzers with gap circles

This paper investigates design, fabrication and test of thin disc piezoelectric transformers (PTs) based on piezoelectric buzzers with gap circles at different diameters of the gap circles. The performance test is focused on characteristics of voltage gains, including maximum voltage gains and maximum-gain frequencies, for each piezoelectric transformer under different load conditions. Both a piezoelectric buzzer and a gap circle on a silver electrode of the buzzer are needed to build any type of the PTs. Here, the gap circle is used to form a ring-shaped input electrode and a circle-shaped output electrode for each piezoelectric transformer. To do so, both structure and connection of a PT are first expressed. Then, operating principle of a PT and its related vibration mode observed by a carbon-power imaging technique are described. Moreover, an experimental setup for characterizing each piezoelectric transformer is constructed. Finally, effects of diameters of the gap circles on characteristics of voltage gains at different load resistances are discussed.     

压电变压器的原理、研究及应用

压电变压器是一种性能优良的电子器件,它的转换效率高,变压比大,结构简单,体积小,无电磁噪声,稳定性好,相对于传统的电磁变压器优势明显.文章对压电变压器的原理及器件结构、特点作了简单的介绍,对目前的研究和应用状况作了简要综述,对压电变压器的发展趋势进行了展望.     

压电变压器的原理、研究及应用

压电变压器是一种性能优良的电子器件,它的转换效率高,变压比大,结构简单,体积小,无电磁噪声,稳定性好,相对于传统的电磁变压器优势明显.文章对压电变压器的原理及器件结构、特点作了简单的介绍,对目前的研究和应用状况作了简要综述,对压电变压器的发展趋势进行了展望.     

AFM analysis of piezoelectric nanogenerator based on n-diamond/n-ZnO heterojunction

We have demonstrated a high performance piezoelectric nanogenerator by scanning a diamond-coated conductive tip on ZnO nanorod arrays in an AFM system with contact-mode. About 95% ZnO nanorods generate piezoelectric current due to the excellent mechanical and electrical properties of the tip. The tip's nitrogen-doped diamond coating is the key factor to maintain effective physical contact and electrical contact to ZnO nanorods, leading to efficient piezoelectric generation. Rectifying n⁺-n heterojunction is formed when the nitrogen-doped diamond tip contacted with a ZnO nanorod, which plays an important role in accumulating and releasing piezoelectric charges of the piezoelectric nanogenerator. Our research indicates that conductive diamond film is an ideal electrode for this type of piezoelectric nanogenerator.     

基于温度效应的无限长压电圆杆纵波分析

利用有限变形理论,以无限长压电圆杆为研究对象,考虑了在横向惯性、等效泊松比效应以及在热电弹耦合共同作用下,基于Hamilton原理,并引入Euler方程推导出压电圆杆的纵向波动方程.采用Jacobi椭圆函数展开法,求解压电圆杆的波动方程和对应的解.最后,通过Matlab软件得到不同波速比下的色散曲线,以及温度场对压电圆...     

Terahertz bandwidth all-optical Hilbert transformers based on long-period gratings

A novel, all-optical design for implementing terahertz (THz) bandwidth real-time Hilbert transformers is proposed and numerically demonstrated. An all-optical Hilbert transformer can be implemented using a uniform-period long-period grating (LPG) with a properly designed amplitude-only grating apodization profile, incorporating a single π-phase shift in the middle of the grating length. The designed LPG-based Hilbert transformers can be practically implemented using either fiber-optic or integrated-waveguide technologies. As a generalization, photonic fractional Hilbert transformers are also designed based on the same optical platform. In this general case, the resulting LPGs have multiple π-phase shifts along the grating length. Our numerical simulations confirm that all-optical Hilbert transformers capable of processing arbitrary optical signals with bandwidths well in the THz range can be implemented using feasible fiber/waveguide LPG designs.     

基于超导储能脉冲变压器的多模块脉冲电源设计

为了探索一种更加紧凑的导轨型电磁推进基础实验用脉冲电源,以实验室现有高温超导储能脉冲变压器为单元模型,在单谐振电路脉冲成形方案的基础上,设计了环形结构的多模块脉冲电源,分析了环形结构中考虑互感的多模脉冲电源电路的充放电过程.通过对八模块环形结构脉冲电源进行仿真分析,得到了接近150kA的电流脉冲,原边电压限制13kV左右.可以得出,利用单谐振电路的多模块超导储能脉冲变压器并联放电方式,可以实现大电流脉冲的输出的要求,而且环形结构中各线圈存在的互感更有利于多模块脉冲电源.     

Faraday mirror-typed optical current transformers and its theoretical analysis

A Faraday mirror-typed optical current transformer (OCT) design with turn-back optical paths is proposed to overcome the harmful effects of the linear birefringence inside bulk glass current sensing head, which can double the sensitivity and improve the state of polarization of the system output. The theoretical analysis of the working principle, the simulation of the polarization state of the output light beam and the comparison between it and the OCT with polarization preserving total reflection (PPTR) layers are presented. The results show that this design has a good suppressing effect on the degeneration of the polarization state of the output light, which has certain reference significance on the performance improvement of the present bulk glass OCT, and the development of practical OCTs.     

硅微ZnO压电薄膜传声器的研制

本文介绍了一种利用ZnO压电薄膜为换能器的硅微压电薄膜传声器的制备,并且对微机械加工工艺过程进行了较为详细的描述。本文对传声器的部分结构进行改进,与通常设计相比较大幅提高了传声器的性能,1000Hz基准频率的灵敏度达到-85dB(相对于1V/Pa),500Hz到10000Hz的频率响应的平坦度在±3dB范围内。     

Simulations and analysis of a piezoelectric micropump

A number of micropumps have been proposed in the last few years based on different actuating principles and fabricated by different technologies. However, many of those micropumps have been designed taking into account primarily available microfabrication technologies rather than appropriate pump performance analysis. In fact, not all papers are available in the literature presenting theoretical models usable to describe the functioning and predict the performance of those micropumps. In this paper, we present a new micropump model and FEA method suitable for guiding the design and predicting the performance of a micropump actuated by a piezoelectric actuator. The model takes into account the influence of piezoelectric transducer and pump geometry. Simulations have been performed and compared with results of experiments on a prototype micropump fabricated in our laboratory.     

Error analysis on two-waveplate polarization state transformers by geometry method

The polarization transform errors of two-waveplate polarization state transformers (TWPST), which consist of quarter-waveplate (QWP) and half-waveplate (HWP), are discussed in detail. The error model of the TWPST based on a new and simple two dimensions geometry method instead of traditional Poincaré sphere method or Jones matrix method are proposed. We did the numerical calculations based on the error model of the TWPST. The results show that the output polarization state errors of the TWPST are chiefly sensitive to the azimuth angle errors of the QWP, and that there exist a pair of optimal error azimuth angles of QWP and HWP, which can minimize the azimuth angle error of the output polarization state of TWPST, and that the ellipticity error of output polarization state of TWPST is dependent only on the azimuth angle errors of QWP. The TWPST have enough accuracy to evaluate the polarization related effects (PRE) in the optical communication systems.     

Luminescent transformers based on activated glasses for lasers with lamp pumping

Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 95–99, July, 1991.     

New types of complex torsional angle transformers based on hyperbolic secant taper

1.IntroductionThemaximumoutputofatransformeramplitudeislimitedbythefatigueofthema-tCrialusedlll.Ifthesurfaceshearstressofatorsionaltransformer,T,isuniformalongtheaxis,inotherwords,themaximumpointofsurfaccshearstrcssisincxistent,ti.ea1lowab1coutputpowcrofthetorsionaltransformerwillenormouslyincrease.Insomecasesinwhichveryhigh-intcnsitytorsiona1ultrasonicpowerisrequired,theywil1benecessaries.Forthispurpose,wederivedthenewtypeoftorsionalangletransformer-quartcr-wavelcngthhypcrbolicsccanttaper.T…     

Frequency analysis of piezoelectric nanowires with surface effects

In this paper, the modified Timoshenko beam model is used to analyze the vibration of piezoelectric nanowires in the presence of surface effects. Analytical relations are given for the natural frequency of nanowires by accounting for the effects of surface elasticity, residual surface tension, and transverse shear deformation. Through an example, it is shown that the natural frequency depends on both the surface stresses and piezoelectricity. This study is expected to provide useful insights for the design of piezoelectric-nanowire-based nanodevices.     

Flexible piezoelectric harvesting based on epitaxial growth of ZnO

A flexible piezoelectric harvester based on the epitaxial growth of an array ZnO nanorods with zigzag layers to enhance bending and compression deformation is investigated. The effects of the growth temperature, growth time, and growth concentration for ZnO epitaxial growth are determined on the flexible substrate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the nanostructures and crystalline characteristics of the nanorods, respectively. Nanorod piezoelectric harvesting with screen printing technology was integrated on the polyimide substrate. The results show that epitaxial ZnO nanorods at a concentration ratio of (1:4), a growth time of 4 hours, and a growth temperature of 90°C have perfect crystal morphology for piezoelectric harvesting. The current-voltage characteristics exhibit Schottky-like behavior. During the harvesting process, the current output was highly reproducible and repeatable when the ultrasonic wave equipment was turned on and off. The current output after bending increases with increasing curvature radius due to a compression force during the bending process.     

两种基于超导脉冲变压器的脉冲电源研究

为探索电感储能的脉冲电源,介绍了两种利用超导脉冲变压器储能和脉冲放大的脉冲电源模式,分别分析了两种脉冲电源的工作原理,以同一个实验用小型超导脉冲变压器的实际参数为依据,对两种脉冲电源模式进行了仿真计算,并分别分析了不同限压等级条件下的脉冲输出特性及效率特性。结果显示,两种电源模式都对超导脉冲变压器的原边有较好的限压,不过,利用电容限压的模式的综合性能要好于利用非线性电阻限压的模式。     

圆形振动膜ZnO压电微传声器的研制

本文介绍了一种新型圆形振动膜ZnO压电微传声器的制备，并对传声器制备的工艺过程进行了较为详细的描述。圆形振动膜的压电传卢器与以前方形振动膜结构设计相比，较大幅度提高了传声器的灵敏度和成品率，灵敏度达到-70dB（相对于1V／Pa），成品率达到80％。     

Dynamic analysis of Bernoulli-Euler piezoelectric nanobeam with electrostatic force

The effect of electrostatic force on the dynamic response of a Bernoulli-Euler piezoelectric nanobeam is analyzed in this paper.The governing equations with the electrostatic stress are derived based on a variational principle.Static bending problem of simply supported and cantilever beam is considered.The influence of the electrostatic force on the first four natural frequencies is discussed.It is shown that when the beam thickness is small,the effect of the electrostatic force is significant.When the beam thickness is large,the electrostatic force is insignificant and can be neglected.The results also indicate that one can adjust the natural frequency of a nanobeam by applying appropriate voltage.     

Direct-current piezoelectric nanogenerator based on p-Si/n-ZnO heterojunction

We have demonstrated a direct-current piezoelectric nanogenerator with a novel structure of p-Si/n-ZnO heterojunction. Low resistance p-type silicon chip, with a large number of nano-concaves on the surface, was utilized as a top electrode over the n-type ZnO nanorod arrays, forming a heterojunction nanogenerator. Piezoelectric current, with average singles about 1 nA, was generated from the heterojunction nanogenerator. Rectifying behavior of the p-Si/n-ZnO heterojunction in our piezoelectric nanogenerator was analyzed from the I–V curve and the energy band structure. Furthermore, output tests of reverse connection and two devices parallel connection clearly eliminate the effects from measurement system errors and confirms that the current is generated from the nanogenerator. Our research presents an approach to integrating a new type of nanogenerator using the silicon chip directly, without expensive Pt or Au coated on the electrode surfaces.     

Harmonic balance analysis of the bistable piezoelectric inertial generator

This paper applies the method of Harmonic Balance to analytically predict the existence, stability, and influence of parameter variations on the intrawell and interwell oscillations of bistable piezoelectric inertial generator. Existing work on the bistable piezoelectric harvester in the presence of varying harmonic environmental loading has been relegated to simulation and experimental analyses. Furthermore, linear piezoelectric behavior and linear damping has always been presumed. This paper improves upon an existing model for the bistable piezoelectric harvester by incorporating nonlinear dissipation and cubic softening influences in the electroelastic laminates before applying analytical methods. A framework for theoretically predicting empirical observations, such as optimal impedance loads for steady-state motions, is provided as well as other dynamic considerations such as potential well escape phenomena.