TOC法对BOD5标样定值的研究

通过对BOD5标准样品TOC的测定,证实TOC与BOD5具有良好的相关性,并根据这种相关性,利用TOC分析仪对环保部标准样品研究所的定值样品进行TOC测定,然后对测定结果进行BOD5折算,间接对BOD5标准样品进行定值,定值结果准确可靠。     

环保部发布PM2．5测定国标

环保部不久前发布了《环境空气PMIO和PM2．5的测定重量法》,首次对悬浮在空气中,直径小于等于2．5μm的颗粒物PM2．5的测定进行了规范。目前,PM2．5尚未列入我国环境空气质量指标。     

高纯氧化镨中14个稀土元素的化学光谱分析

本文采用CL-P507萃淋树脂色谱法进行高纯氧化镨中稀土杂质元素的分离浓缩,浓缩倍数为1000倍,浓缩物用碳粉吸附法进行光谱测定。测定下限为∑RE9ppm,变异系数为5—26％。化学分离周期约16小时。可用于纯度为5个9的氧化镨中14个稀土杂质元素的测定。     

气相色谱-脉冲放电氦离子化检测器法同时测定乙烯或丙烯中5种无机气体

用带脉冲放电氦离子化检测器的气相色谱法同时测定乙烯或丙烯中氢气、氧气、二氧化碳、一氧化碳和氮气等5种无机气体的含量。充分气化的样品注入色谱仪,借助仪器的高度集约化操作程序及阀系统切换功能,样品流经2根微填充色谱柱,先后使氢气、氧气、二氧化碳、一氧化碳和氮气等5种气体得到分离和测定。这5种气体的体积分数均在0.50～10.0mL·m~(-3)内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,上述5种气体的检出限(3S/N)依次为0.02,0.01,0.02,0.03,0.01mL·m~(-3)。对一组5种气体的混合标准气体进行8次重复测定,其保留时间的相对标准偏差在0.040%～0.15%之间,其峰面积的相对标准偏差在0.98%～2.3%之间,证明此方法同时测定5种气体的重复性良好。对另一组5种气体的混合标准气体进行6次平行测定,测定值与已知值相符,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于1.0%。     

流动注射化学发光法测定异烟肼

基于在氢氧化钠碱性介质中高锰酸钾氧化异烟肼的化学发光现象,提出高锰酸钾．异烟肼．氢氧化钠化学发光新体系,结合流动注射分析技术进行了异烟肼的测定。本法选择性好、灵敏度高。异烟肼在0．01～5．0mg/L浓度范围内与化学发光分析信号呈线性关系;检出限为7．0μg／L;对0．5mg/L的异烟肼进行11次连续测定,相对标准偏差为2．5％。方法已成功地应用于片剂中异烟肼的测定。     

钯(Ⅱ)-8-羟基喹啉-5-磺酸-铝(Ⅲ)测定氰体系的研究和应用

本文提出用钯(Ⅱ) 8 羟基喹啉 5 磺酸铝体系测定氰的高灵敏分析方法。方法测定下限达0.002μgmL CN(?)。试验确定了最佳反应条件,对土壤和粮食中微量氰根进行了测定并与光度法进行对照,分析结果令人满意。     

微生物传感器快速测定生化需氧量

利用微生物传感器快速测定水中生化需氧量。用该法对标准样品进行测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.30%~4.67%(n=4),与标准值的相对误差在±5%之内。用该方法和经典稀释接种法对实际样品进行测定,该方法测定结果的相对误差为4.1%~11.3%。微生物传感器法能满足环境监测的要求。     

高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中5种荧光增白剂

采用高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中5种荧光增白剂的含量。样品经甲醇超声提取,以C18色谱柱为分离柱,以甲醇和5mmol·L-1四丁基硫酸氢铵溶液以不同比例混合的溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,用荧光检测器测定。5种荧光增白剂在一定的质量浓度范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的测定下限(10S/N)在0.1~2.0μg·g-1之间。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在85.1%~97.1%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.4%~5.7%之间。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定土壤中的有效钼

准确快速测定土壤中的有效钼,是评价土壤肥力的重要指标,对指导作物生产有重大意义。本文采用草酸-草酸铵溶液浸提土壤样品,待测浸提液稀释5倍后通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法在氦气模式下测定土壤中有效钼的含量,建立了土壤中有效钼高灵敏度分析的检测方法。选择103Rh为内标元素,校正仪器在测定过程中引起的信号飘移。对两种前处理方式进行比较,确定了震荡30 min、放置过夜的浸提方法浸提效果更好且更利于大批量样品的分析。使用震荡30 min、放置过夜的浸提方法对5个土壤标准物质有效钼进行前处理,其测定值均在标准值范围内;分别在无气体模式和氦气模式下比较了浓度为0mg/L、1mg/L、2mg/L、5mg/L、10mg/L、50mg/L的Mn对5ug/L 95Mo测定浓度的影响,结果表明氦气模式下的动能歧视可有效去除95Mo测定过程中的多原子离子的干扰,氦气模式测定有效钼明显优于无气体模式;分别对待测溶液稀释5倍和未稀释的内标回收率趋势进行监测,发现未稀释的样品内标回收率随着测量样品数的增多呈下降趋势,而稀释5倍对基体干扰的消除有显著效果。对5个土壤样品分别重复测定6次,其RSD均小于4.1%;线性相关系数为1.0000;方法检出限为0.0012 mg/kg。综上,该方法测定土壤有效钼结果准确,重现性好,灵敏度高,且适合大批量样品的分析。     

鲁米诺-高锰酸钾体系化学发光法测定5-磺基水杨酸

基于碱性介质中5-磺基水杨酸对鲁米诺-KMnO4体系化学发光的增强作用,建立了流动注射化学发光法测定5-磺基水杨酸的新方法。最佳实验条件下,测定5-磺基水杨酸的线性范围为5.0×10-6~8.0×10-4mol/L,线性相关系数为0.9994(n=8),检出限为3.8×10-6mol/L(n=11),对5.0×10-5mol/L的5-磺基水杨酸进行测定,其相对标准偏差为1.4%(n=11)。方法应用于强力霉素废水中5-磺基水杨酸的测定。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.