Advanced Control Design for Wind Turbines

In this contribution, the concept of a general design platform for control system of wind turbines is proposed. Different models of wind turbine systems are summarized, a novel control strategy for wind turbine control is proposed as a general platform for control system design. Simulation results are presented demonstrating the success of the proposed control method based on one of the chosen models for the design platform. A benchmark model (NREL) is chosen for the platform in order to adjust the control system design. Finally, the design process of control system based on the general platform is given and explained. (© 2011 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

非线性系统有理首次积分的不存在性和部分存在性

该文的目的是给出一般非线性系统存在和部分存在有理首次积分的判别准则. 作者给出系统存在有理首次积分的必要条件, 在此基础上进一步给出系统不存在其它有理首次积分(在函数独立的意义下)的判定准则.     

非线性非定常系统的稳定性

本文研究一般情形的非线性非定常系统的稳定性,给出了一个广泛而又实用指数稳定性定理。即使是线性时变系统的情形,我们的结果也具一般性,且有应用方便,简捷等优点。     

Evaluation of ST preconditioners for saddle point problems

The general block ST decomposition of the saddle point problem is used as a preconditioner to transform the saddle point problem into an equivalent symmetric and positive definite system. Such a decomposition is called a block ST preconditioner. Two general block ST preconditioners are proposed for saddle point problems with symmetric and positive definite (1,1)-block. Some estimations of the condition number of the preconditioned system are given. The same study is done for singular (1,1)-block.     

An algorithm for determining redundant inequalities and all solutions to convex polyhedra

Given a system of linear inequalities that define a polyhedral cone, we develop a simple technique for finding redundant inequalities. We thus insure that only the cone's extreme rays are calculated. The general solution for the system is developed in terms of the extreme rays. The method leads directly to the general solution for either bounded or unbounded polyhedra.     

Perturbation theory for generalized and constrained linear least squares

The perturbation analysis of weighted and constrained rank‐deficient linear least squares is difficult without the use of the augmented system of equations. In this paper a general form of the augmented system is used to get simple perturbation identities and perturbation bounds for the general linear least squares problem both for the full‐rank and rank‐deficient problem. Perturbation identities for the rank‐deficient weighted and constrained case are found as a special case. Interesting perturbation bounds and condition numbers are derived that may be useful when considering the stability of a solution of the rank‐deficient general least squares problem. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Detonatlve travelling waves for combustions

The existence of travelling wave solution to equations of a viscous heat conducting combustible fluid is proved. The reactions are assumed to be one step exothermic reactions with a natural discontinuous reaction rate function. The problem is studied for a general gas. Instead of assuming the ideal gas conditions we consider a general thermodynamics which is described by a fairly mild set of hypotheses. Travelling waves for detonations reduce to specific heteroclinic orbits of a discontinuous system of ODE's. The existence proof for heteroclinic orbits corresponding to weak and strong detonation waves is carried out by some general topological arguments in ODE. The uniqueness and nonuniqueness of these waves are also considered.     

Control synthesis for a nonlinear nonstationary process

A system of nonlinear differential equations is considered. The relationship of the general solution of this system with the general solution of a certain linear system of differential equations is studied. The result leads to the solution of a control problem that produces a given optimal control synthesis.Kommunarnyi Mining and Metallurgical Institute. Translated from Vychislitel'naya i Prikladnaya Matematika, No. 67, 123–129, 1989.     

Multilevel Preconditioners for Mixed Methods for Second Order Elliptic Problems

A new approach for constructing algebraic multilevel preconditioners for mixed finite element methods for second order elliptic problems with tensor coefficients on general geometry is proposed. The linear system arising from the mixed methods is first algebraically condensed to a symmetric, positive definite system for Lagrange multipliers, which corresponds to a linear system generated by standard nonconforming finite element methods. Algebraic multilevel preconditioners for this system are then constructed based on a triangulation of the domain into tetrahedral substructures. Explicit estimates of condition numbers and simple computational schemes are established for the constructed preconditioners. Finally, numerical results for the mixed finite element methods are presented to illustrate the present theory.     

General nonlinear self-adjoint eigenvalue problem for systems of ordinary differential equations

The general nonlinear self-adjoint eigenvalue problem for systems of ordinary differential equations is considered. A method is proposed for reducing the problem to one for a Hamiltonian system. Results for Hamiltonian systems previously obtained by the authors are extended to this system.     

A note on replacement policy for a system subject to non-homogeneous pure birth shocks

A system is subject to shocks that arrive according to a non-homogeneous pure birth process. As shocks occur, the system has two types of failures. Type-I failure (minor failure) is removed by a general repair, whereas type-II failure (catastrophic failure) is removed by an unplanned replacement. The occurrence of the failure type is based on some random mechanism which depends on the number of shocks occurred since the last replacement. Under an age replacement policy, a planned (or scheduled) replacement happens whenever an operating system reaches age T. The aim of this note is to derive the expected cost functions and characterize the structure of the optimal replacement policy for such a general setting. We show that many previous models are special cases of our general model. A numerical example is presented to show the application of the algorithm and several useful insights.     

General criteria for redundant and nonredundant linear inequalities

A system of linear inequalities subject to nonnegativity restrictions is considered. General criteria which are necessary and sufficient for a linear inequality to be redundant are derived. This general characterization provides a basis for unifying some of the existing techniques. After taking into consideration the existence of redundant linear inequalities, general necessary and sufficient criteria for a linear inequality to be nonredundant are also obtained. An example is given to illustrate the application of these new criteria.The author wishes to thank the referee for his comments.     

A load share model for non-identical components of a k-out-of-m system

We consider a k-out-of-m load sharing system when the lifetimes of the components are not necessarily identically distributed random variables. For such systems, a model for the load sharing phenomenon through the exponentiated conditional survival functions of ordered failure times is proposed. This model is more general than the load sharing model with identically distributed component lifetimes and leads to a different family of distributions for ordered random variables. A general expression for the reliability of the system is given. The computations of the reliability for a two component parallel load sharing system corresponding to the exponential and Weibull distributions are discussed. For illustrative purpose, we discuss the inference procedures for a two component parallel load sharing system corresponding to the exponential distributions. A simulation study is carried out to assess the proposed estimation and testing procedures. The applicability of the proposed load sharing model is shown through two data sets.     

A note on backward errors for Toeplitz systems

This paper investigates the relations between the structured backward error (SBE) and the partial structured backward error (P‐SBE), and the partial backward error (P‐BE) and the P‐SBE for a computed solution to general Toeplitz system. In particular, we show in some cases the P‐SBE for general Toeplitz system is usually a good estimate of the SBE. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Symmetric modified finite volume element methods for self-adjoint elliptic and parabolic problems

The finite volume element method is a discretization technique for partial differential equations, but in general case the coefficient matrix of its linear system is not symmetric, even for the self-adjoint continuous problem. In this paper we develop a kind of symmetric modified finite volume element methods both for general self-adjoint elliptic and for parabolic problems on general discretization, their coefficient matrix are symmetric. We give the optimal order energy norm error estimates. We also prove that the difference between the solutions of the finite volume element method and symmetric modified finite volume element method is a high order term.     

Symmetry groups and similarity solutions for the system of equations for a viscous compressible fluid

Here, using Lie group transformations, we consider the problem of finding similarity solutions to the system of partial differential equations (PDEs) governing one-dimensional unsteady motion of a compressible fluid in the presence of viscosity and thermal conduction, using the general form of the equation of state. The symmetry groups admitted by the governing system of PDEs are obtained, and the complete Lie algebra of infinitesimal symmetries is established. Indeed, with the use of the entailed similarity solution the problem is transformed to a system of ordinary differential equations(ODEs), which in general is nonlinear; in some cases, it is possible to solve these ODEs to determine some special exact solutions.     

General difference schemes with intrinsic parallelism for nonlinear parabolic systems

The boundary value problem for nonlinear parabolic system is solved by the finite difference method with intrinsic parallelism. The existence of the discrete vector solution for the general finite difference schemes with intrinsic parallelism is proved by the fixed-point technique in finite-dimensional Euclidean space. The convergence and stability theorems of the discrete vector solutions of the nonlinear difference system with intrinsic parallelism are proved. The limitation vector function is just the unique generalized solution of the original problem for the parabolic system.     

Predictive guidance for systems with controllability indexn

A more general and complete predictive guidance problem is considered using optimal control theory. The optimal control law for interception and rendezvous is developed for a system with controllability indexn. The implementation scheme and the effect on miss distance due to errors in guidance are discussed. Finally, an example for a system with controllability index 4 is presented for an interceptor with damping ratio and natural frequency. The solution is presented in closed form.