Normal families and shared functions of meromorphic functions

Let k be a positive integer, let M be a positive number, let F be a family of meromorphic functions in a domain D, all of whose zeros are of multiplicity at least k, and let h be a holomorphic function in D, h ≢ 0. If, for every f ∈ F, f and f ^(k) share 0, and |f(z)| ≥ M whenever f ^(k)(z) = h(z), then F is normal in D. The condition that f and f ^(k) share 0 cannot be weakened, and the condition that |f(z)| ≥ M whenever f ^(k)(z) = h(z) cannot be replaced by the condition that |f(z)| ≥ 0 whenever f ^(k)(z) = h(z). This improves some results due to Fang and Zalcman [2] etc.     

A criterion of normality based on a single holomorphic function

Let F be a family of functions holomorphic on a domain D ⊂ ℂ Let k ≥ 2 be an integer and let h be a holomorphic function on D, all of whose zeros have multiplicity at most k −1, such that h(z) has no common zeros with any f ∈ F. Assume also that the following two conditions hold for every f ∈ F: (a) f(z) = 0 ⇒ f′(z) = h(z); and (b) f′(z) = h(z) ⇒ |f ^(k)(z)| ≤ c, where c is a constant. Then F is normal on D.     

Normal families of meromorphic functions with multiple values

Let F be a family of meromorphic functions defined in a domain D, let ψ(?0) be a holomorphic function in D, and k be a positive integer. Suppose that, for every function f∈F, f≠0, f(k)≠0, and all zeros of f(k)−ψ(z) have multiplicities at least (k+2)/k. If, for k=1, ψ has only zeros with multiplicities at most 2, and for k?2, ψ has only simple zeros, then F is normal in D. This improves and generalizes the related results of Gu, Fang and Chang, Yang, Schwick, et al.     

A Criterion of Normality Concerning Holomorphic Functions Whose Derivative Omits a Function

The authors discuss the normality concerning holomorphic functions and get the following result. Let F be a family of holomorphic functions on a domain D ⊂ ℂ, all of whose zeros have multiplicity at least k, where k ≥ 2 is an integer. And let h(z) ≢ 0 be a holomorphic function on D. Assume also that the following two conditions hold for every f ∈ F: (a) f(z) = 0 ⇒ |f ^(k)(z)| < |h(z)|; (b) f ^(k)(z) ≠ h(z). Then F is normal on D.     

Normal families and shared values of meromorphic functions

Let be a positive integer, let F be a family of meromorphic functions in a domain D, all of whose zeros have multiplicity at least k+1, and let , be two holomorphic functions on D. If, for each f∈F, f=a(z)⇔f(k)=h(z), then F is normal in D.     

Normal families of meromorphic functions with multiple zeros

Let F be a family of meromorphic functions defined in a domain D such that for each f∈F, all zeros of f(z) are of multiplicity at least 3, and all zeros of f^′(z) are of multiplicity at least 2 in D. If for each f∈F, f^′(z)−1 has at most 1 zero in D, ignoring multiplicity, then F is normal in D.     

Normality of meromorphic functions whose derivatives have 1-points

Let k be a positive integer and let ${\mathcal F}Let k be a positive integer and let F{\mathcal F} be a family of functions meromorphic in a plane domain D, all of whose zeros have multiplicity at least k + 3. If there exists a subset E of D which has no accumulation points in D such that for each function f ? F{f\in\mathcal F}, f ^(k)(z) − 1 has no zeros in D\E{D\setminus E}, then F{\mathcal F} is normal. The number k + 3 is sharp. The proof uses complex dynamics.     

Normal families of meromorphic functions with multiple zeros and poles

LetF be a family of functions meromorphic in the plane domainD, all of whose zeros and poles are multiple. Leth be a continuous function onD. Suppose that, for eachf ≠F,f ¹(z) εh(z) forz εD. We show that ifh(z) ≠ 0 for allz εD, or ifh is holomorphic onD but not identically zero there and all zeros of functions inF have multiplicity at least 3, thenF is a normal family onD. Partially supported by the Shanghai Priority Academic Discipline and by the NNSF of China Approved No. 10271122. Research supported by the German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development, G.I.F. Grant No. G-643-117.6/1999.     

Normality criteria of meromorphic functions with multiple zeros

Take positive integers n,k?2. Let F be a family of meromorphic functions in a domain D⊂C such that each f∈F has only zeros of multiplicity at least k. If, for each pair (f,g) in F, fn(f(k)) and gn(g(k)) share a non-zero complex number a ignoring multiplicity, then F is normal in D.     

Normality criteria of meromorphic functions sharing one value

Let k be a positive integer and F be a family of meromorphic functions in a domain D⊂C such that each f∈F has only zeros of multiplicity at least k+1. If for each pair (f, g) in F, ff(k) and gg(k) share a non-zero complex number a ignoring multiplicity, then F is normal in D.     

A Criterion of Normality Concerning Holomorphic Functions Whose Derivative Omit a Function II

The authors discuss the normality concerning holomorphic functions and get the following result. Let F be a family of functions holomorphic on a domain D ? ?, all of whose zeros have multiplicity at least k, where k ?? 2 is an integer. Let h(z) ? 0 and ?? be a meromorphic function on D. Assume that the following two conditions hold for every f ?? F: $$ \begin{gathered} (a)f(z) = 0 \Rightarrow |f^{(k)} (z)| < |h(z)|. \hfill \\ (b)f^{(k)} (z) \ne h(z). \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ Then F is normal on D.     

Normal families of meromorphic functions and shared values

Let k be a positive integer, b ≠ 0 be a finite complex number, let P be a polynomial with either deg P ≥ 3 or deg P = 2 and P having only one distinct zero, and let F{\mathcal{F}} be a family of functions meromorphic in a domain D, all of whose zeros have multiplicities at least k. If, each pair of functions f and g in F, P(f)f^(k){\mathcal{F}, P(f)f^{(k)}} and P(g)g ^(k) share b in D, then F{\mathcal{F}} is normal in D.     

Normal families of meromorphic functions and shared functions

The paper is devoted to the normal families of meromorphic functions and shared functions. Generalizing a result of Chang (2013), we prove the following theorem. Let h (≠≡ 0,∞) be a meromorphic function on a domain D and let k be a positive integer. Let F be a family of meromorphic functions on D, all of whose zeros have multiplicity at least k + 2, such that for each pair of functions f and g from F, f and g share the value 0, and f^(k) and g^(k) share the function h. If for every f ∈ F, at each common zero of f and h the multiplicities m_f for f and m_h for h satisfy m_f ≥ m_h + k + 1 for k > 1 and m_f ≥ 2m_h + 3 for k = 1, and at each common pole of f and h, the multiplicities nf for f and nh for h satisfy n_f ≥ n_h + 1, then the family F is normal on D.     

Normal families of meromorphic functions with multiple zeros and poles

Let k be a positive integer with k?2 and let be a family of functions meromorphic on a domain D in , all of whose poles have multiplicity at least 3, and of whose zeros all have multiplicity at least k+1. Let a(z) be a function holomorphic on D, a(z)?0. Suppose that for each , f^(k)(z)≠a(z) for z∈D. Then is a normal family on D.     

Normal families and value distribution in connection with composite functions

We prove a value distribution result which has several interesting corollaries. Let k∈N, let α∈C and let f be a transcendental entire function with order less than 1/2. Then for every nonconstant entire function g, we have that (f○g)^(k)−α has infinitely many zeros. This result also holds when k=1, for every transcendental entire function g. We also prove the following result for normal families. Let k∈N, let f be a transcendental entire function with ρ(f)<1/k, and let a₀,…,ak−1,a be analytic functions in a domain Ω. Then the family of analytic functions g such that

     

Differential operators and entire functions with simple real zeros

Let ? and f be functions in the Laguerre-Pólya class. Write ?(z)=e−αz²?₁(z) and f(z)=e−βz²f₁(z), where ?₁ and f₁ have genus 0 or 1 and α,β?0. If αβ<1/4 and ? has infinitely many zeros, then ?(D)f(z) has only simple real zeros, where D denotes differentiation.     

SOME NORMALITY CRITERIA OF MEROMORPHIC FUNCTIONS

Let F be a family of functions meromorphic in a domain D, let n ≥ 2 be a positive integer, and let a ≠ 0, b be two finite complex numbers. If, for each f ∈ F, all of whose zeros have multiplicity at least k ＋ 1, and f ＋ a（f^（k））^n≠b in D, then F is normal in D.     

Zeros and fixed points of difference operators of meromorphic functions

Let f be a transcendental meromorphic function and Δf(z) = f(z + 1) − f(z). A number of results are proved concerning the existences of zeros and fixed points of Δ f(z) and Δ f(z)/f(z) when f(z) is of order σ(f)=1. Examples show that some of the results are sharp.     

An improvement of Montel's criterion

Let F be a family of holomorphic functions in a domain D, and let a(z), b(z) be two holomorphic functions in D such that a(z)?b(z), and a(z)?a^′(z) or b(z)?b^′(z). In this paper, we prove that: if, for each f∈F, f(z)−a(z) and f(z)−b(z) have no common zeros, f^′(z)=a(z) whenever f(z)=a(z), and f^′(z)=b(z) whenever f(z)=b(z) in D, then F is normal in D. This result improves and generalizes the classical Montel's normality criterion, and the related results of Pang, Fang and the first author. Some examples are given to show the sharpness of our result.     

On the distribution of zeros of a sequence of entire functions approaching the Riemann zeta function

In this paper we study the distribution of zeros of each entire function of the sequence , which approaches the Riemann zeta function for Rez<−1, and is closely related to the solutions of the functional equations f(z)+f(2z)+?+f(nz)=0. We determine the density of the zeros of Gn(z) on the critical strip where they are situated by using almost-periodic functions techniques. Furthermore, by using a theorem of Kronecker, we also establish a formula for the number of zeros of Gn(z) inside certain rectangles in the critical strip.