Incompressible surfaces in handlebodies and isotopies

It is shown that every properly embedded incompressible surface in a handlebody can be constructed by a canonical gluing process. A simple condition is given which asserts that the result of the gluing process is an incompressible surface. A new notion of isotopy is introduced in order to distinguish surfaces belonging to distinct isotopy classes. Several examples (known and new) are constructed.     

Incompressible surfaces in punctured-torus bundles

We derive in this paper the classification up to isotopy of the incompressible surfaces in hyperbolic 3-manifolds which fiber over the circle with fiber a once-punctured torus. From this classification it follows that most of the 3-manifolds obtained by compactifying these bundles via a circle at infinity are closed hyperbolic 3-manifolds which contain 1.0 incompressible surfaces, i.e., are not Haken manifolds.     

Incompressible surfaces in handlebodies and boundary reducible 3-manifolds

We study the existence of incompressible embeddings of surfaces into the genus two handlebody. We show that for every compact surface with boundary, orientable or not, there is an incompressible embedding of the surface into the genus two handlebody. In the orientable case the embedding can be either separating or non-separating. We also consider the case in which the genus two handlebody is replaced by an orientable 3-manifold with a compressible boundary component of genus greater than or equal to two.     

Incompressible pairwise incompressible surfaces in almost alternating knot complements

In this paper, we deal with incompressible pairwise incompressible surfaces in almost alternating knot complements. We show that the genus of a surface in an almost alternating knot exterior equals zero if there are two, four or six boundary components in the surface.     

On the intersection form of surfaces

Given a closed, oriented surface M, the algebraic intersection of closed curves induces a symplectic form Int(., .) on the first homology group of M. If M is equipped with a Riemannian metric g, the first homology group of M inherits a norm, called the stable norm. We study the norm of the bilinear form Int(., .), with respect to the stable norm.     

纽结补中的不可压缩分段不可压缩曲面

本文利用扭转交叉数（twist-erossing number)讨论扭结补中的不可压缩分段不可压缩曲面的性质,设K是一个排叉结（pretzel knot)或者是一个扭转交叉数少于6的有理纽结,如果F是S^3-K中的不可压缩分段不可压缩曲面,那么F是一个穿孔球面。     

Structure of level surfaces of a Morse form

Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 124–133, July, 1988.     

Pseudo-Anosov Flows and Incompressible Tori

We study incompressible tori in 3-manifolds supporting pseudo-Anosov flows and more generally ZZ subgroups of the fundamental group of such a manifold. If no element in this subgroup can be represented by a closed orbit of the pseudo-Anosov flow, we prove that the flow is topologically conjugate to a suspension of an Anosov diffeomorphism of the torus. In particular it is non singular and is an Anosov flow. It follows that either a pseudo-Anosov flow is topologically conjugate to a suspension Anosov flow, or any immersed incompressible torus can be realized as a free homotopy from a closed orbit of the flow to itself. The key tool is an analysis of group actions on non-Hausdorff trees, also known as R-order trees – we produce an invariant axis in the free action case. An application of these results is the following: suppose the manifold has an R-covered foliation transverse to a pseudo-Anosov flow. If the flow is not an R-covered Anosov flow, then it follows that the manifold is atoroidal.     

Isometric deformations of surfaces preserving the third fundamental form

We study the following problem: To what extend is a surface in the Euclidean space \(\mathbb{R}^{4}\) determined by the third fundamental form? We prove the existence of families of surfaces in \(\mathbb{R}^{4}\) which allow isometric deformations with isometric but not congruent Gaussian images. In particular, we provide a method which gives locally all surfaces in \(\mathbb{ R}^{4}\) with conformal Gauss map that allow such deformations. As a consequence, we have a way for constructing non-spherical pseudoumbilical surfaces in \(\mathbb{R}^{4}.\)     

The third fundamental form of minimal surfaces in a sphere

We study minimal surfaces in a sphere Sⁿ with regard to the following question: to what extent minimal surfaces in Sⁿ are determined by restrictions on the Gaussian curvature of the Gaussian image in the sense of Obata?     

Minimal surfaces in symmetric spaces with parallel second fundamental form

In this paper, we study geometry of isometric minimal immersions of Riemannian surfaces in a symmetric space by moving frames and prove that the Gaussian curvature must be constant if the immersion is of parallel second fundamental form. In particular, when the surface is \(S^2\), we discuss the special case and obtain a necessary and sufficient condition such that its second fundamental form is parallel. We also consider isometric minimal two-spheres immersed in complex two-dimensional Kähler symmetric spaces with parallel second fundamental form, and prove that the immersion is totally geodesic with constant Kähler angle if it is neither holomorphic nor anti-holomorphic with Kähler angle \(\alpha \ne 0\) (resp. \(\alpha \ne \pi \)) everywhere on \(S^2\).     

Two theorems on boundary properties of minimal surfaces in nonparametric form

Let D be a region with rectifiable Jordan boundary , and let z=f(x, y) be a minimal surface defined over D. This paper establishes that: 1) function z=f(x, y) almost everywhere on has finite or infinite angular boundary values; 2) if region D is the exterior of a circle then, almost everywhere on boundary , function z=f(x, y) can be continued by continuity.Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 551–556, April, 1977.     

A compactness theorem for surfaces withL p -bounded second fundamental form

Mathematische Annalen -