Fabrication of Two-Dimensional Organic Photonic Crystal Microcavity

A two-dimensional polystyrene photonic crystal microcavity is fabricated by the method ot tocused ion Oeam etching. The scanning electron microscopy and the transmittance spectrum are used to characterize the properties of the photonic crystal microcavity. The quality factor and the transmittance of the photonic crystal microcavity is more than 530 and 90%, respectively. The measured results are in agreement with the theoretical predictions.     

Simultaneous near field imaging of electric and magnetic field in photonic crystal nanocavities

The insertion of a metal-coated tip on the surface of a photonic crystal microcavity is used for simultaneous near field imaging of electric and magnetic fields in photonic crystal nanocavities, via the radiative emission of embedded semiconductor quantum dots (QD). The photoluminescence intensity map directly gives the electric field distribution, to which the electric dipole of the QD is coupled. The magnetic field generates, via Faraday's law, a circular current in the apex of the metallized probe that can be schematized as a ring. The resulting magnetic perturbation of the photonic modes induces a blue shift, which can be used to map the magnetic field, within a single near-field scan.     

平板型光子晶体谐振腔性能分析

介绍了一种平板型光子晶体微谐振腔的结构.利用三维时域有限差分法(FDTD)分析了平板型光子晶体的结构参量及其对谐振腔性能的影响.平板型光子晶体微腔具有较小的模式体积和较大的品质因子(Q),可以有效的使光子局域化.该谐振腔可以用来制造单频发光二极管和零阈值微腔激光发射器.     

Room-temperature single photon sources with definite circular and linear polarizations

We report experimental results of two room-temperature single photon sources with definite polarization based on emitters embedded in either cholesteric or nematic liquid crystal hosts. In the first case, a cholesteric 1-D photonic bandgap microcavity provides circular polarization of definite handedness of single photons from single colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (nanocrystals). In these experiments, the spectral position of the quantum dot fluorescence maximum is at the bandedge of a photonic bandgap structure. The host does not destroy fluorescence antibunching of single emitters. In the second case, photons with definite linear polarization are obtained from single dye molecules doped in a planar-aligned nematic liquid crystal host. The combination of sources with definite linear and circular polarization states of single photons can be used in a practical implementation of the BB84 quantum key distribution protocol.     

二维三角晶格光子晶体波导的出射光集束传播

为了解决光子晶体波导出射端光场控制, 同时解决二维三角晶格光子晶体波导出射光辐射困难的问题。利用二维三角晶格光子晶体设计了一种新型光子晶体波导出射口结构。在二维三角晶格光子晶体波导出射端引入两个微腔, 通过光波与微腔发生共振, 形成类似于三个点光源干涉的出射光, 同时进一步提出波导出射端喇叭口干涉出射光定向辐射的设计。通过这种微腔喇叭口设计, 利用时域有限差分法分析结果表明光波实现很好的定向辐射, 并且辐射距离显著提高。     

基于一维光子晶体微腔的全吸收器件

将具有高本征吸收的极化材料SiC引入到一维光子晶体中间,形成一维光子晶体微腔。利用传输矩阵方法,研究了这种含SiC材料的一维光子晶体微腔的光学特性:包括透射率、反射率和吸收率。研究结果表明该结构在波长λ=12.6μm处存在一个全吸收峰,该吸收峰在0°～50°的入射角度范围内不随角度和偏振模式的影响。该结构可以用来制作宽角度窄带全吸收器件,有望在热发射、太阳能光伏电池中得到应用。     

All-optical tunable photonic bandgap microcavities with a femtosecond time response

An all-optical tunable photonic bandgap microcavity made from a two-dimensional polystyrene photonic crystal is fabricated by focused ion beam etching. The pump and probe scheme is adopted to measure tunability based on the femtosecond optical Kerr effect. An ultrafast response time of less than 120 fs is achieved for the tunable photonic bandgap microcavity. The microcavity resonant wavelength shifts 3.1 nm under excitation of 9.4 GW/cm2 pump intensity, which is in agreement with the theoretical prediction.     

Multiwavelength ultralow-threshold lasing in quantum dot photonic crystal microcavities

We demonstrate multiwavelength lasing of resonant modes in linear (L3) microcavities in a triangular-lattice 2D photonic crystal (PC) slab. The broad spontaneous emission spectrum from coupled quantum dots, modified by the PC microcavity, is studied as a function of the intensity of incident optical excitation. We observe lasing with an ultralow-threshold power of approximately 600 nW and an output efficiency of approximately 3% at threshold. Two other resonant modes exhibit weaker turnon characteristics and thresholds of approximately 2.5 and 200 microW, respectively.     

优化电激励光子晶体单缺陷激光腔结构

设计和制作电激励光子晶体微腔激光器的一个困难是电流的注入问题,而且电流的路径时常会导致微腔的Q值降低。将三维并行时域有限差分方法用于电激励光子晶体单缺陷激光腔研究,给出了微腔的本征模式分布。根据模式特点,选择单极子模式作为研究对象。数值模拟表明,在保持C_(6v)对称性条件前提下,微调最靠近微腔中心的6个空气孔的位置使得单极子模式的光场分布在腔边缘发生缓慢变化可以将单极子模的Q值和Purcell因子提高大约7倍。即激光器阈值可以降低7倍。     

Experimental realization of highly efficient broadband coupling of single quantum dots to a photonic crystal waveguide

We present time-resolved spontaneous emission measurements of single quantum dots embedded in photonic crystal waveguides. Quantum dots that couple to a photonic crystal waveguide are found to decay up to 27 times faster than uncoupled quantum dots. From these measurements beta-factors of up to 0.89 are derived, and an unprecedented large bandwidth of 20 nm is demonstrated. This shows the promising potential of photonic crystal waveguides for efficient single-photon sources. The scaled frequency range over which the enhancement is observed is in excellent agreement with recent theoretical proposals taking into account that the light-matter coupling is strongly enhanced due to the significant slow-down of light in the photonic crystal waveguides.     

Optical third-harmonic generation in one-dimensional photonic crystals and microcavities

The formalism of nonlinear transfer matrices is used to develop a phenomenological model of a cubic nonlinear-optical response of one-dimensional photonic crystals and microcavities. It is shown that third-harmonic generation can be resonantly enhanced by frequency-angular tuning of the fundamental wave to the photonic band-gap edges and the microcavity mode. The positions and amplitudes of third-harmonic resonances at the edges of a photonic band gap strongly depend on the value and sign of the dispersion of refractive indexes of the layers that constitute the photonic crystal. Model calculations elucidate the role played by phase matching and spatial localization of the fundamental and third-harmonic fields inside a photonic crystal as the main mechanisms of enhancement of third-harmonic generation. The experimental spectrum of third-harmonic intensity of a porous silicon microcavity agrees with the calculated results.     

半导体纳米材料和物理

半导体纳米材料是纳米材料的一个重要组成部分，纳米结构的电子和光子器件将成为下一代微电子和光电子器件的核心。文章介绍了半导体纳米材料研究的新进展，包括四个方面：半导体自组织生长量子点，纳米晶体，微腔光子晶体和纳米结构中的自旋电子学。本世纪开始的半导体纳米材料的研究是上世纪半导体超晶格量子阱研究的延续，同时又开辟了一些新的领域，如：单电子的电子学、单光子的光子学，微腔和光子晶体，稀磁半导体和自旋电子的相干输运等，这些研究将为研制在新原理基础上的新器件和实现量子计算、量子通信打下基础。     

一维光子晶体微腔在硅基材料发光中的应用研究

硅基材料的高效发光对未来硅基光电子集成的发展极其关键,含微腔的一维光子晶体可以显著提高其发光强度、窄化其发光峰.介绍了几种硅基材料发光的一维光子晶体微腔结构,包括单缺陷模式的对称与非对称结构、多缺陷模结构及电注入结构.利用传输矩阵法计算其缺陷模透射谱,以间接分析其发光谱.     

Optically tunable microcavity in a planar photonic crystal silicon waveguide buried in oxide

We present all-optical tuning and switching of a microcavity inside a two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide. The photonic crystal structure is fabricated in silicon-on-insulator using complementary metal-oxide semiconductor processing techniques based on deep ultraviolet lithography and is completely buried in a silicon dioxide cladding that provides protection from the environment. By focusing a laser onto the microcavity region, both a thermal and a plasma dispersion effect are generated, allowing tuning and fast modulation of the in-plane transmission. By means of the temporal characteristics of the in-plane transmission, we experimentally identify a slower thermal and a fast plasma dispersion effect with modulation bandwidths of the order of several 100 kHz and up to the gigahertz level, respectively.     

Resonance in quantum dot fluorescence in a photonic bandgap liquid crystal host

Microcavity resonance is demonstrated in nanocrystal quantum dot fluorescence in a one-dimensional (1D) chiral photonic bandgap cholesteric-liquid crystal host under cw excitation. The resonance demonstrates coupling between quantum dot fluorescence and the cholesteric microcavity. Observed at a band edge of a photonic stop band, this resonance has circular polarization due to microcavity chirality with 4.9 times intensity enhancement in comparison with polarization of the opposite handedness. The circular-polarization dissymmetry factor g(e) of this resonance is ~1.3. We also demonstrate photon antibunching of a single quantum dot in a similar glassy cholesteric microcavity. These results are important in cholesteric-laser research, in which so far only dyes were used, as well as for room-temperature single-photon source applications.     

Microcavity filters based on hexagonal lattice 2-D photonic crystal structures embedded in ridge waveguides

Two-dimensionally periodic photonic crystal microcavity filters in a ridge waveguide format have been designed and fabricated. Transition mode-matching features were added to increase the optical throughput by more than a factor of two. An increase of Q-factor (more than 100%) was achieved by the addition of two further rows of photonic crystal holes to the microcavity filters. Attempts have also been made to tailor the filter response by applying design concepts used in other Bragg-grating optical filter technologies.     

Silicon nano-membrane based photonic crystal microcavities for high sensitivity bio-sensing

We experimentally demonstrated photonic crystal microcavity based resonant sensors coupled to photonic crystal waveguides in silicon nano-membrane on insulator for chemical and bio-sensing. Linear L-type microcavities are considered. In contrast to cavities with small mode volumes, but low quality factors for bio-sensing, we showed increasing the length of the microcavity enhances the quality factor of the resonance by an order of magnitude and increases the resonance wavelength shift while retaining compact device characteristics. Q~26760 and sensitivity down to 15 ng/ml and ~110 pg/mm2 in bio-sensing was experimentally demonstrated on silicon-on-insulator devices.     

Electro-optical resonant switching in two-dimensional side-coupled waveguide-cavity photonic crystal systems

Photonic crystals have many potential applications because of their ability to control lightwave propagation. We have investigated the electro-optical resonant switching in two-dimensional photonic crystal structures. The optical microcavity side coupled with a waveguide composed of a dielectric cylinder in air is studied by solving Maxwell?s equations using the plane wave expansion method and finite-difference time-domain method. The switching mechanism is a change in the conductance of the microcavity and hence modulating the resonant mode and eventually resonant switching is achieved. Such a mechanism of switching should open up a new application for designing components in photonic integrated circuits.     

高Q值二维光子晶体缺三腔的数值模拟与分析

针对单光子源对高性能纳米腔的需要, 采用“柔性束缚"光子限制结构和时域有限差分法, 通过把时域和频域的光电场分布与理想高斯函数进行比较, 设计出一种高品质因子的光子晶体缺三腔(L3), 其Q值达Q=2.8×10⁵, 有效模式体积为V_eff=0.1813(λ/n)³, 相应的Purcell因子超过F=1.2×10⁵. 此外, 提出一种定量描述腔性能优劣程度的能量系数分析法, 通过定量对比二维高斯分布下的场分布能量与总能量, 提高了腔的优化速度与准确性. 计算结果表明, 随着腔性能的优化, Q值正比于能量系数γ值直至饱和.     

Ion detection with photonic crystal microcavities

We have experimentally demonstrated a cation and anion sensor by using short linear photonic crystal microcavities with an embedded quantum dot active region. The photonic crystal microcavity covered with an ion-selective polymer forms a submicrometer optical detection system sensitive to small changes of perchlorate anion (ClO4(-)) and calcium cation (Ca2+) concentrations.