On the Rigorous Derivation of the 2D Cubic Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation from 3D Quantum Many-Body Dynamics

We consider the 3D quantum many-body dynamics describing a dilute Bose gas with strong confinement in one direction. We study the corresponding Bogoliubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon (BBGKY) hierarchy, which contains a diverging coefficient as the strength of the confining potential tends to ∞. We find that this diverging coefficient is counterbalanced by the limiting structure of the density matrices and we establish the convergence of the BBGKY hierarchy. Moreover, we prove that the limit is fully described by a 2D cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) and we obtain the exact 3D to 2D coupling constant.     

Stability of Standing Waves for the Nonlinear Fractional Schrödinger Equation

We study the standing waves of the nonlinear fractional Schrödinger equation. We obtain that when \(0<\gamma <2s\), the standing waves are orbitally stable; when \(\gamma =2s\), the ground state solitary waves are strongly unstable to blow-up.     

On the Rigorous Derivation of the 3D Cubic Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation with a Quadratic Trap

We consider the dynamics of the three-dimensional N-body Schrödinger equation in the presence of a quadratic trap. We assume the pair interaction potential is N ^3β-1 V(N ^β x). We justify the mean-field approximation and offer a rigorous derivation of the three-dimensional cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) with a quadratic trap. We establish the space-time bound conjectured by Klainerman and Machedon (Commun Math Phys 279:169–185, 2008) for ${\beta \in (0, 2/7]}$ by adapting and simplifying an argument in Chen and Pavlovi? (Annales Henri Poincaré, 2013) which solves the problem for ${\beta \in (0, 1/4)}$ in the absence of a trap.     

Focusing Quantum Many-body Dynamics: The Rigorous Derivation of the 1D Focusing Cubic Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation

We consider the dynamics of N bosons in 1D. We assume that the pair interaction is attractive and given by \({N^{\beta-1}V(N^{\beta}.) where }\) where \({\int V \leqslant 0}\). We develop new techniques in treating the N-body Hamiltonian so that we overcome the difficulties generated by the attractive interaction and establish new energy estimates. We also prove the optimal 1D collapsing estimate which reduces the regularity requirement in the uniqueness argument by half a derivative. We derive rigorously the 1D focusing cubic NLS with a quadratic trap as the \({N \rightarrow \infty}\) limit of the N-body dynamic and hence justify the mean-field limit and prove the propagation of chaos for the focusing quantum many-body system.     

High Frequency Solutions for the Singularly-Perturbed One-Dimensional Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation

This article is devoted to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation when the parameter ε approaches zero. All possible asymptotic behaviors of bounded solutions can be described by means of envelopes, or alternatively by adiabatic profiles. We prove that for every envelope, there exists a family of solutions reaching that asymptotic behavior, in the case of bounded intervals. We use a combination of the Nehari finite dimensional reduction together with degree theory. Our main contribution is to compute the degree of each cluster, which is a key piece of information in order to glue them.     

Asymptotics of the Solutions of the Random Schrödinger Equation

We consider solutions of the Schrödinger equation with a weak time-dependent random potential. It is shown that when the two-point correlation function of the potential is rapidly decaying, then the Fourier transform \({\hat\zeta_\epsilon(t,\xi)}\) of the appropriately scaled solution converges point-wise in ξ to a stochastic complex Gaussian limit. On the other hand, when the two-point correlation function decays slowly, we show that the limit of \({\hat\zeta_\epsilon(t,\xi)}\) has the form \({\hat\zeta_0(\xi){\rm exp}(iB_\kappa(t,\xi))}\) where B _κ (t, ξ) is a fractional Brownian motion.     

Dynamics of solitons in the fourth-order nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation

Nonlinear Dynamics - We consider the fourth-order nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation and generate the Lax pair. We then employ Darboux transformation to generate dark and antidark soliton...     

Dynamics of superregular breathers in the quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation

In this paper, we consider an extended nonlinear Schrödinger equation that includes fifth-order dispersion with matching higher-order nonlinear terms. Via the modified Darboux transformation and Joukowsky transform, we present the superregular breather (SRB), multipeak soliton and hybrid solutions. The latter two modes appear as a result of the higher-order effects and are converted from a SRB one, which cannot exist for the standard NLS equation. These solutions reduce to a small localized perturbation of the background at time zero, which is different from the previous analytical solutions. The corresponding state transition conditions are given analytically. The relationship between modulation instability and state transition is unveiled. Our results will enrich the dynamics of nonlinear waves in a higher-order wave system.     

Dynamics of high-order solitons in the nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equations

Nonlinear Dynamics - A study of high-order solitons in three nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equations is presented. These include the $$mathcal {PT}$$ -symmetric, reverse-time, and...     

A Semilinear Schrödinger Equation in the Presence of a Magnetic Field

We consider the semilinear stationary Schrödinger equation in a magnetic field: (–i+A)² u+V(x)u=g(x,|u|)u in ^N , where V is the scalar (or electric) potential and A is the vector (or magnetic) potential. We study the existence of nontrivial solutions both in the critical and in the subcritical case (respectively g(x,|u|)=|u|^{2 * –2} and |g(x,|u|)|c(1+|u| ^{p –2}), where 2<p<2^*). The results are obtained by variational methods. For g critical we use constrained minimization and for subcritical g we employ a minimax-type argument. In the latter case we also study the existence of infinitely many geometrically distinct solutions.     

Stability of Traveling Waves of Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation with Nonzero Condition at Infinity

We study effective elastic behavior of the incompatibly prestrained thin plates, where the prestrain is independent of thickness and uniform through the plate’s thickness h. We model such plates as three-dimensional elastic bodies with a prescribed pointwise stress-free state characterized by a Riemannian metric G, and seek the limiting behavior as \({h \to 0}\). We first establish that when the energy per volume scales as the second power of h, the resulting \({\Gamma}\) -limit is a Kirchhoff-type bending theory. We then show the somewhat surprising result that there exist non-immersible metrics G for whom the infimum energy (per volume) scales smaller than h². This implies that the minimizing sequence of deformations carries nontrivial residual three-dimensional energy but it has zero bending energy as seen from the limit Kirchhoff theory perspective. Another implication is that other asymptotic scenarios are valid in appropriate smaller scaling regimes of energy. We characterize the metrics G with the above property, showing that the zero bending energy in the Kirchhoff limit occurs if and only if the Riemann curvatures R₁₂₁₃, R₁₂₂₃ and R₁₂₁₂ of G vanish identically. We illustrate our findings with examples; of particular interest is an example where \({G_{2 \times 2}}\), the two-dimensional restriction of G, is flat but the plate still exhibits the energy scaling of the Föppl–von Kármán type. Finally, we apply these results to a model of nematic glass, including a characterization of the condition when the metric is immersible, for \({G = Id_{3} + \gamma n \otimes n}\) given in terms of the inhomogeneous unit director field distribution \({ n \in \mathbb{R}^3}\).     

Justification of the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation for the Evolution of Gravity Driven 2D Surface Water Waves in a Canal of Finite Depth

In 1968 V.E. Zakharov derived the Nonlinear Schrödinger equation for the two-dimensional water wave problem in the absence of surface tension, that is, for the evolution of gravity driven surface water waves, in order to describe slow temporal and spatial modulations of a spatially and temporarily oscillating wave packet. In this paper we give a rigorous proof that the wave packets in the two-dimensional water wave problem in a canal of finite depth can be approximated over a physically relevant timespan by solutions of the Nonlinear Schrödinger equation.     

Uniqueness of Positive Ground State Solutions of the Logarithmic Schrödinger Equation

We prove the uniqueness of positive ground state solutions of the problem \({ {\frac {d^{2}u}{dr^{2}}} + {\frac {n-1}{r}}{\frac {du}{dr}} + u \ln(|u|) = 0}\), \({u(r) > 0~\forall r \ge 0}\), and \({(u(r),u'(r)) \to (0, 0)}\) as \({r \to \infty}\). This equation is derived from the logarithmic Schrödinger equation \({{\rm i}\psi_{t} = {\Delta} \psi + u \ln \left(|u|^{2}\right)}\), and also from the classical equation \({{\frac {\partial u}{\partial t}} = {\Delta} u +u \left(|u|^{p-1}\right) -u}\). For each \({n \ge 1}\), a positive ground state solution is \({ u_{0}(r) = \exp \left(-{\frac{r^2}{4}} + {\frac{n}{2}}\right),~0 \le r < \infty}\). We combine \({u_{0}(r)}\) with energy estimates and associated Ricatti equation estimates to prove that, for each \({n \in \left[1, 9 \right]}\), \({u_{0}(r)}\) is the only positive ground state. We also investigate the stability of \({u_{0}(r)}\). Several open problems are stated.     

Nonlocal Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations in R 3

This paper studies a class of nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equations in R ³, which occurs in the infinite ion acoustic speed limit of the Zakharov system with magnetic fields in a cold plasma. The magnetic fields induce some nonlocal effects in these nonlinear Schrödinger systems, and the main goal of this paper is to understand these effects. The key is to establish some a priori estimates on the nonlocal terms generated by the magnetic field, through which we obtain various conclusions including finite time blow-ups, sharp threshold of global existence and instability of standing waves for these equations.     

On the XFEL Schrödinger Equation: Highly Oscillatory Magnetic Potentials and Time Averaging

We analyse a nonlinear Schrödinger equation for the time-evolution of the wave function of an electron beam, interacting selfconsistently through a Hartree–Fock nonlinearity and through the repulsive Coulomb interaction of an atomic nucleus. The electrons are supposed to move under the action of a time dependent, rapidly periodically oscillating electromagnetic potential. This can be considered a simplified effective single particle model for an X-ray free electron laser. We prove the existence and uniqueness for the Cauchy problem and the convergence of wave-functions to corresponding solutions of a Schrödinger equation with a time-averaged Coulomb potential in the high frequency limit for the oscillations of the electromagnetic potential.     

Spinodal Decomposition for the¶Cahn-Hilliard Equation in Higher Dimensions:¶Nonlinear Dynamics

This paper addresses the phenomenon of spinodal decomposition for the Cahn-Hilliard equation

On time independent Schr?dinger equations in quantum mechanics by the homotopy analysis method

A general analytic approach, namely the homotopy analysis method(HAM), is applied to solve the time independent Schr?dinger equations. Unlike perturbation method, the HAM-based approach does not depend on any small physical parameters, corresponding to small disturbances.Especially, it provides a convenient way to gain the convergent series solution of quantum mechanics. This study illustrates the advantages of this HAM-based approach over the traditional perturbative approach, and its general validity for the Schr?dinger equations. Note that perturbation methods are widely used in quantum mechanics, but perturbation results are hardly convergent. This study suggests that the HAM might provide us a new, powerful alternative to gain convergent series solution for some complicated problems in quantum mechanics, including many-body problems, which can be directly compared with the experiment data to improve the accuracy of the experimental findings and/or physical theories.     

Vortex Dynamics for the Nonlinear Maxwell–Klein–Gordon Equation

We derive the vortex dynamics for the nonlinear Maxwell–Klein–Gordon equation with the Ginzburg–Landau type potential. In particular, we consider the case when the external electric fields are of order \({O( | \log \epsilon |^{\frac{1}{2}})}\). We study the convergence of the space–time Jacobian \({\partial_t \psi \cdot i \nabla \psi}\) as an interaction term between the vortices and electric fields. An explicit form of the limiting vector measure is shown.     

On a class of quasilinear Schrdinger equations

A type of quasilinear Schrdinger equations in two space dimensions which describe attractive Bose-Einstein condensates in physics is discussed.By establishing the property of the equation and applying the energy method,the blowup of solutions to the equation are proved under certain conditions.At the same time,by the variational method,a sufficient condition of global existence which is related to the ground state of a classical elliptic equation is obtained.     

Almost Periodic Solutions of One Dimensional Schrödinger Equation with the External Parameters

A whitney family of almost periodic solutions for one dimensional Schrödinger equations with the external parameters are proved. It’s based on a detailed analysis to the shift of frequency and an improved infinite dimension KAM theory.