数字图像技术的数字滤光方法在图像测温中的应用

针对在比色测温法中由CCD光谱响应带宽引起的误差,提出了数字滤光的误差校正方法。该方法利用数字图像技术将光谱曲线离散化,采用离散化数据模型展开比色测温计算,在540±10nm绿光段和640±10nm红光段分别加入数字滤光算法,测温误差与外光路搭载滤光片效果接近。该方法简单实用,精度较高,在无外置滤光光路情况下实现了彩色CCD摄像设备的辐射测温,可为图像测温产品的便携性和适用化带来便利。     

基于虚拟仪器的高精度Z扫描实验系统设计

设计了一个表征样品非线性特性的基于虚拟仪器的z扫描实验系统。利用Labview控制数字示波器TDS3012采集两路光强信号，并结合对微位移平台的控制实现Z扫描。以Nd：YAG飞秒放大器产生的800nm的飞秒激光作为探测光，经透镜聚焦后通过薄介质样品；用数字示波器测量样品在透镜焦点附近的透射光强，经过数据处理得到样品的非线性折射率和非线性吸收系数。利用该实验系统，对标准非线性吸收样品Rhodamine 6B进行了测量，计算得到其双光子吸收截面为σ^2=6．8GM（GM：10^-50cm4s photon^-1 molecule^-1），该结果与其他文献利用不同测量方法得到的结果接近，证明该实验系统的测量结果是正确的，可满足非线性测量的精度要求。     

Instantaneous three-dimensional visualization of concentration distributions in turbulent flows with crossed-plane laser-induced fluorescence imaging

A laser-based technique for measuring instantaneous three-dimensional species concentration distributions in turbulent flows is presented. The laser beam from a single laser is formed into two crossed light sheets that illuminate the area of interest. The laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) signal emitted from excited species within both planes is detected with a single camera via a mirror arrangement. Image processing enables the reconstruction of the three-dimensional data set in close proximity to the cutting line of the two light sheets. Three-dimensional intensity gradients are computed and compared to the two-dimensional projections obtained from the two directly observed planes. Volume visualization by digital image processing gives unique insight into the three-dimensional structures within the turbulent processes. We apply this technique to measurements of toluene-LIF in a turbulent, non-reactive mixing process of toluene and air and to hydroxyl (OH) LIF in a turbulent methane-air flame upon excitation at 248 nm with a tunable KrF excimer laser. PACS 42.30.Va; 32.50.+d; 42.62.Cf     

Spectroscopic optical coherence tomography

Spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT), an extension of conventional OCT, is demonstrated for performing cross-sectional tomographic and spectroscopic imaging. Information on the spectral content of backscattered light is obtained by detection and processing of the interferometric OCT signal. This method allows the spectrum of backscattered light to be measured over the entire available optical bandwidth simultaneously in a single measurement. Specific spectral features can be extracted by use of digital signal processing without changing the measurement apparatus. An ultrabroadband femtosecond Ti:Al(2)O(3) laser was used to achieve spectroscopic imaging over the wavelength range from 650 to 1000 nm in a simple model as well as in vivo in the Xenopus laevis (African frog) tadpole. Multidimensional spectroscopic data are displayed by use of a novel hue-saturation false-color mapping.     

Attaining 186-nm light generation in cooled beta-BaB(2)O(4) crystal

The transparency range of beta-BaB(2)O(4) (BBO) was expanded by means of cooling, and the resulting absorption coefficient at 193.4 nm was reduced to 0.29cm(-1) at 91 K from 1.39cm(-1) at 295 K. Further, generation of light at 186.0 nm (the measurement limit in air) by type I sum-frequency generation (SFG) based on fundamental (744-nm) and third-harmonic (248-nm) light from a Ti:sapphire laser was confirmed for cooled BBO. Calculations based on observed data for SFG wavelengths and phase-matching angles indicate a potential for cooled BBO to generate wavelengths as low as 181.7 nm.     

UV-excimer-laser ablation of polymethylmethacrylate at 248 nm: Characterization of incubation sites with Fourier transform IR- and UV-Spectroscopy

Ultraviolet and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic experiments with thin films of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) are reported. During the incubation with 248 nm excimer laser light or continuous (cw) UV light sources PMMA exhibits a rapidly increasing, broad UV absorption. This is caused by the production of unsaturated species, which are detected in the infrared spectrum of irradiated PMMA films. The spectral data explain the incubation process preceding the ablation of PMMA at 248 nm. Taking advantage of the increased UV absorption, cw light incubated PMMA films can be selectively ablated by standard 308 nm excimer laser pulses.     

植被叶片光谱特征对烟煤病胁迫程度的响应模型研究

烟煤病是我国南方热带、亚热带地区一种非常普遍的植物病害,对我国农业生产造成巨大危害,对其监测预报是实施有效治理措施的重要基础和依据。为建立以高光谱数据为基础的烟煤病严重程度反演模型,在重庆北碚城区采集50个银木叶片样本,利用ASD FieldSpec HandHeld光谱仪获取高光谱数据,通过数码相机和ENVI软件获取叶面积数据,将银木叶片烟煤病面积与整个叶片面积的比例作为烟煤病的严重程度,建立相关性最大波段的烟煤病反演模型,探究烟煤病严重程度与光谱曲线之间可能存在的关系。结果表明： 单叶尺度下,健康叶片在560 nm波段附近有明显的反射峰,随着烟煤病严重程度增大,反射峰逐渐消失, 在可见光与近红外波段,总体上光谱反射率与烟煤病病情严重程度呈负相关性。500～650和720～850 nm为烟煤病的光谱敏感波段,其中相关度最大值点为550 nm波段,相关系数达到-0.72。在烟煤病严重程度与叶片波段原始光谱信息及多波段组合关系研究中,单叶尺度下785 nm波段高光谱参数与烟煤病严重程度建立的回归模型的决定系数(R2)最大,为0.875。通过模型的显著性检验和预测精度检验, 785nm 处的光谱反射率建立的二次曲线模型为最优。证明在单叶尺度下,基于785 nm波段的二次曲线模型反演烟煤病的效果较为理想。     

Multiband wavelength demultiplexer based on digital planar holography for on-chip spectroscopy applications

A novel type of multiband wavelength demultiplexer for on-chip spectroscopy applications is proposed, and first results of the device fabrication and characterization are reported. The devices are based on computer-designed digital planar holograms, which involve millions of lines specifically located and oriented in order to direct output light into designed focal channels according to the wavelength. Devices operate in four individual bandwidths within the visible range (477.2-478.0 nm, 528.8-529.9 nm, 586.4-587.7 nm, 628.9-630.4 nm) with 96 channels and spectral channel spacing down to 0.0375 nm/channel.     

基于数字微镜的光谱可调星模拟器光源系统

为满足对星敏感器在各种谱线分布下对探测能力的高精度标定,提出了一种基于数字微镜的星模拟器光源系统设计方案,在一定程度上解决了由星模拟器与星敏感器观星的色温不匹配对星敏感器光信号定标精度产生的问题。从理论上分析了光谱不匹配影响定标精度的原理,设计了基于数字微镜器件的光谱可调的恒星光谱模拟系统。采用遗传算法作为光谱匹配,通过遗传算法求解不同的光谱构造函数实现对不同光谱的模拟。最后分别对5 nm分辨率和20 nm分辨率的光谱模拟系统在3 900,4 800,6 500 K 3种色温下进行了测试。测试结果表明,该星模拟器的恒星光谱模拟精度在5 nm分辨率下优于2%,在20 nm分辨率下优于5%。     

Comparison of the laser ablation process on Zn and Ti using pulsed digital holographic interferometry

Pulsed digital holographic interferometry has been used to compare the laser ablation process of a Q-switched Nd-YAG laser pulse (wavelength 1064 nm, pulse duration 12 ns) on two different metals (Zn and Ti) under atmospheric air pressure. Digital holograms were recorded for different time delays using collimated laser light (532 nm) passed through the volume along the target. Numerical data of the integrated refractive index field were calculated and presented as phase maps. Intensity maps were calculated from the recorded digital holograms and are used to calculate the attenuation of the probing laser beam by the ablated plume. The different structures of the plume, namely streaks normal to the surface for Zn in contrast to absorbing regions for Ti, indicates that different mechanisms of laser ablation could happen for different metals for the same laser settings and surrounding gas. At a laser fluence of 5 J/cm², phase explosion appears to be the ablation mechanism in case of Zn, while for Ti normal vaporization seems to be the dominant mechanism.     

The coherency of synchrotron radiation at Pohang Accelerator Laboratory

The coherency of the synchrotron radiation at Pohang Accelerator Laboratory has been investigated using Young's interferometer. The electron beam size can be measured precisely using the interferometer. An interferogram using 650 nm light at the diagnostics beamline at Pohang Light Source (PLS) has been measured to determine the electron beam distribution and the spatial coherence length. Interferograms obtained by numerical study are compared with experimental results in order to understand the measured data. From this comparison, the electron beam at PLS is revealed to be a Gaussian distribution with a standard deviation of 210 µm. The spatial coherency length of 650 nm light at PLS is measured to be 0.57 cm, and that of 0.1 nm light at PLS is predicted to be 0.88 µm by the same numerical study.     

Red, yellow, green and blue – four-color light from a single, aperiodically poled LiTaO3 crystal

We demonstrate simultaneous quasi-continuous wave generation of red, yellow, green and blue coherent radiation based on quadruple quasi-phase matching (QPM) frequency upconversion from a single, aperiodically poled LiTaO₃ (APPLT) crystal with a diode-pumped Nd:YVO₄ dual-wavelength laser oscillating at 1342 and 1064 nm. We designed and prepared an APPLT crystal, which can provide four pertinent reciprocals for simultaneous quadruple QPM processes. Namely, frequency doubling of 1342 nm generates red light at 671 nm, sum-frequency mixing of 1342 nm and 1064 nm produces yellow light at 593 nm, frequency doubling of 1064 nm achieves green light at 532 nm and sum-frequency mixing of 1342 nm and 671 nm obtains blue light at 447 nm. PACS 42.65.Ky; 42.79.Nv; 42.55.Xi; 42.72.Bj     

不同光温环境下玉米苗期叶片的高光谱特性响应分析

光温环境胁迫是影响作物优质高产的一个主要制约因素,传统的作物胁迫监测,敏锐性不足、耗时费力且多为有损检测。近年来随着信息技术的快速发展,高光谱技术能够快速无损的获取作物生理信息,并对逆境胁迫响应进行动态监测,为现代农业的精准化生产和智能化决策提供了数字化支撑,对实现传统农业向精准化、数字化的现代农业转变具有重要意义。以玉米苗期为研究对象,获取不同光温环境下叶片的高光谱数据和生理参数,探究玉米苗期叶片对不同光温环境的响应规律,进行高光谱差异性分析,并构建生理参数的高光谱反演模型。利用相关分析法筛选光谱敏感波段,采用多元散射校正(MSC)、标准正态变量变换(SNV)、Savitzky-Golaay(S-G)平滑相结合的预处理方法,分别与偏最小二乘回归法(PLS)、主成分回归法(PCR)、逐步多元线性回归法(SMLR)三种建模方法组合,以模型相关系数和均方根误差作为模型效果评价指标,探索高光谱反演叶片生理参数模型的最优方法。结果表明：不同光温环境下玉米的高光谱特性在整体上变化趋势一致,但仍存在差异,在500～700 nm波段内,光谱反射率的升高表明光强的增强;在760～900 nm波段内,光谱反射率的升高表明温度的增强;且光温胁迫环境的变化,均可反映在高光谱特性上,波段760～900 nm内光谱的反射率在高温胁迫环境下较高,在弱光胁迫环境下较低,在低温胁迫环境下反射率显著降低;所构建的SPAD和F_v/F_m的反演模型中,建模最优方法为PLS-MSC-SG,模型验证集相关系数分别为0.958和0.976,训练集相关系数分别为0.979和0.995。模型的预测性精度较高,表明利用高光谱技术,可以实现光温环境胁迫下玉米植株的定量监测,提高田间精细化管理水平,为玉米优质高产的智能化管理提供参考依据。     

基于紫外荧光技术的柴油机润滑油被燃油稀释的检测研究

针对柴油机润滑油被燃油稀释的状态监测的问题,研究了基于紫外荧光技术的柴油机润滑油被燃油稀释的检测方法,设计搭建了检测实验装置。利用峰值发射波长为365 nm的紫外LED作为发射光源,发射的紫外光通过400 nm低通滤光片过滤后进入石英比色皿中的油样,并激发油样产生荧光,产生的荧光通过400 nm高通滤光片过滤后,利用探测波长范围为400～800 nm的光电传感器采集油样的荧光信号,利用万用表读取油样的荧光强度。设计开发了信号的放大和测量系统。高、低通滤光片的组合使用,减少了紫外光源所发射的紫外光对油样的荧光强度测量的干扰。利用该实验装置,测量了润滑油中柴油含量分别为20.3 Wt.%,10.0 Wt.%,5.0 Wt.%,2.5 Wt.%,1.5 Wt.%和0.7 Wt.%以及不含柴油的空白油样的荧光强度,经拟合得到柴油含量与荧光强度的方程。最后,为了检验该方法测量润滑油中柴油含量的准确性,采用柴油含量为7.5 Wt.%油样进行验证,利用该实验装置,测量了验证油样的荧光强度,代入拟合方程,计算得到油样中的柴油含量,结果表明通过该方法测量的油样中柴油含量与油样的实际柴油含量的相对误差为0.5%,实现了实验室条件下润滑油被燃油稀释的精确测量。     

Investigation on the properties of high reflective mirror prepared by ion-beam sputtering

The single-sided and dual-sided high reflective mirrors were deposited with ion-beam sputtering (IBS).When the incident light entered with 45°, the reflectance of p-polarized light at 1064 nm exceeded 99.5%.Spectrum was gained by spectrometer and weak absorption of coatings was measured by surface thermal lensing (STL) technique. Laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) was determined and the damage morphology was observed with Lecia-DMRXE microscope simultaneously. The profile of coatings was measured with Mark Ⅲ-GPI digital interferometer. It was found that the reflectivity of mirror exceeded 99.9% and its absorption was as low as 14 ppm. The reflective bandwidth of the dual-sided sample was about 43 nm wider than that of single-sided sample, and its LIDT was as high as 28 J/cm2, which was 5 J/cm2 higher than that of single-sided sample. Moreover, the profile of dual-sided sample was better than that of substrate without coatings.     

基于数字微镜器件亚微米制备技术研究

为了实时、便捷的改变光刻图案以用于微纳光子器件制备,使用数字微镜器件构建了一套无掩模亚微米尺度制备系统.基于阿贝成像原理分析了周期结构在相干光照明下的成像过程,并用数值模拟以及空间滤波实验证明了这个过程.使用此实验系统制作出了周期为900 nm的二维结构以及周期为数十微米的带缺陷结构.实验表明,使用数字微镜器件可以方便的制作出亚微米尺度的图案.     

Broadband light generation at approximately 1300 nm through spectrally recoiled solitons and dispersive waves

We experimentally study the generation of broadband light at approximately 1300 nm from an 810 nm Ti:sapphire femtosecond pump laser. We use two photonic crystal fibers with a second infrared zero-dispersion wavelength (lambda Z2) and compare the efficiency of two schemes: in one fiber lambda Z2=1400 nm and the light at 1300 nm is composed of spectrally recoiled solitons; in the other fiber lambda Z2=1200 nm and the light at 1300 nm is composed of dispersive waves.     

Evidence for a crossover in the frequency dependence of the acoustic attenuation in vitreous silica

We report measurements of the sound attenuation coefficient in vitreous silica, for sound waves of wavelength between 50 and 80 nm, performed with the new inelastic UV light scattering technique. These data indicate that in silica glass a crossover between a temperature-dependent (at low frequency) and a temperature-independent (at high frequency) acoustic attenuation mechanism occurs at Q approximately equal to 0.15 nm(-1). The absence of any signature in the static structure factor at this Q value suggests that the observed crossover should be associated with local elastic constant fluctuations.     

A comparison of iterative Fourier transform algorithms for image quality estimation

A comparison was established between two iterative Fourier transform algorithms (IFTAs), such as the original Gerchberg–Saxton (GS) and the mixed-region amplitude freedom (MRAF) algorithms, for the hologram reconstruction of different target images through the full reference image quality estimation (IQE) and pixel homogeneity in the Fourier plane presented theoretically and experimentally. The comparison was applied depending upon both algorithms based on a computer-generated hologram (CGH) implemented utilizing a reflective phase-modulated liquid-crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM) to obtain the digital kinoform holograms of the desired intensity distributions. These digital holograms were applied to reconstruct the intensity patterns for 852 nm, which represents a laser beam source. The theoretical and experimental results of the reconstructed patterns obtained using the MRAF algorithm were found to be smoother and better than the patterns obtained using the GS algorithm. Unmodulated light beam (dc term) is removed from the reconstructed patterns attributed to digital kinoform holograms of MRAF algorithm as an alternative to the theoretical and experimental results without using any additional optic equipment at the light path. Moreover, this paper discussed the full reference objective quality estimations, such as mean square error (MSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural content (SC), normalized absolute error (NAE), normalized cross correlation (NK), and homogeneity of pixels, through the contrast (Cont) and inverse difference moment (IDM) for numerical and experimental results. According to the two desired intensity distributions processed theoretically and experimentally, the results of MRAF algorithm were found to be in the highly accurate recovered phase, the quality of image was enhanced, and the dc term was decreased. Image quality estimation of full reference objective relay on the feedback algorithms experimental attestation has not been implemented yet.     

波长可调谐的瓦级连续橙红光激光器

介绍了基于复合腔结构的全固态波长可调谐的连续橙红色激光的输出特性。该复合腔由一个使用周期极化晶体MgO:PPLN的信号光单谐振光参量振荡器和一个LD侧面泵浦Nd:GdVO₄晶体的1 062.9 nm基频光谐振腔构成。s-偏振1 062.9 nm泵浦光抽运单谐振光参量振荡器产生s-偏振信号光腔内独立振荡。通过复合腔结构的优化设计,使独立振荡的p-偏振1 062.9 nm基频光与s-偏振信号光在2个子腔的重叠区内通过Ⅱ类角度匹配KTP晶体的腔内和频过程获得橙红色激光。当MgO:PPLN晶体的调谐温度从30 ℃上升至200 ℃时,s-偏振信号光的中心波长产生红移,导致其与p-偏振1 062.9 nm基频光和频产生的橙红色激光的中心波长从620.2 nm红移至628.9 nm。同时测得中红外波段闲频光的中心波长从3 714.2 nm蓝移至3 438.3 nm。在30 ℃最低设定温度时, 中心波长620.2 nm的橙红色激光和中心波长3 714.2 nm的闲频光最大连续输出功率分别达到2.0 W和2.9 W。