Coexistence in a two species chemostat model with Markov switchings

This paper formulates a new switched two species chemostat model and discusses the coexistence behavior in the chemostat. A complete classification on the single-species chemostat is carried out firstly, where the stationary distribution with ergodicity is derived to exist and be unique. Then, based on the obtained stationary distribution and the comparison theorem, we put forward some sufficient conditions for the coexistence of microorganisms in the two species chemostat with Markov switchings. Moreover, when the species coexist in the deterministic chemostat for each state and have the same break-even concentrations for all states, they are proved to coexist still in the switched chemostat, which randomized the results of the classical deterministic chemostat. Results in this paper show that Markov switchings can contribute to coexistence of the two species.     

Global dynamics analysis of a nonlinear impulsive stochastic chemostat system in a polluted environment

This paper intends to develop a new method to obtain the threshold of an impulsive stochastic chemostat model with saturated growth rate in a polluted environment. By using the theory of impulsive differential equations and stochastic differential equations, we obtain conditions for the extinction and the permanence of the microorganisms of the deterministic chemostat model and the stochastic chemostat model. We develop a new numerical computation method for impulsive stochastic differential system to simulate and illustrate our theoretical conclusions. The biological results show that a small stochastic disturbance can cause the microorganism to die out, that is, a permanent deterministic system can go to extinction under the white noise stochastic disturbance. The theoretical method can also be used to explore the threshold of some impulsive stochastic differential equations.     

Ergodicity and threshold behaviors of a predator‐prey model in stochastic chemostat driven by regime switching

This paper deals with a stochastic predator‐prey model in chemostat which is driven by Markov regime switching. For the asymptotic behaviors of this stochastic system, we establish the sufficient conditions for the existence of the stationary distribution. Then, we investigate, respectively, the extinction of the prey and predator populations. We explore the new critical numbers between survival and extinction for species of the dual‐threshold chemostat model. Numerical simulations are accomplished to confirm our analytical conclusions.     

具脉冲扩散的一个三维Chemostat模型动力学分析

研究具脉冲扩散的一个三维Chemostat模型.利用离散动力系统频闪映射,得到了微生物种群灭绝周期解,它是全局吸引的;利用脉冲微分方程理论,得到了系统持久的条件.结论揭示了Chemostat环境变化对Chemostat的产量起着重要的作用.     

Dynamical analysis of a five-dimensioned chemostat model with impulsive diffusion and pulse input environmental toxicant

In this paper, we consider a five-dimensioned chemostat model with impulsive diffusion and pulse input environmental toxicant. Using the discrete dynamical system determined by the stroboscopic map, we obtain a microorganism-extinction periodic solution. Further, it is globally asymptotically stable. The permanent condition of the investigated system is also analyzed by the theory on impulsive differential equation. Our results reveal that the chemostat environmental changes play an important role on the outcome of the chemostat.     

Mathematical models of the microbial populations and issues concerning stability

In this paper we present the latest developments in the chemostat models involving time delays. The article envisages the development of a basic chemostat model into a model that explains the growth in a lake as well.     

具有双参数的培养器系统的Hopf分支

We study a chemostat system with two parameters, So-initial density and D-flow-speed of the solution. At first, a generalization of the traditional Hopf bifurcation theorem is given. Then, an existence theorem for the Hopf bifurcation of the chemostat system is presented.     

Limit cycles in chemostat with constant yields

Using a 3-D Hopf bifurcation, we prove the existence of limit cycles in the chemostat of two competitors for a single nutrient with constant yields. This proof is done analytically with a corollary to the center manifold theorem. Therefore, the nonlinear oscillatory phenomena exist even in the chemostat with constant yields.     

A Lyapunov function for the chemostat with variable yields

In this Note, we give a global asymptotic stability result for the competition mathematical model between several species in a chemostat, by using a new Lyapunov function. The model includes both monotone and non-monotone response functions, distinct removal rates for the species and variable yields, depending on the concentration of substrate. We obtain, as corollaries of our result, three global stability theorems which were considered in the literature.     

一类新的污染环境下具有时滞增长反应及脉冲输入的Monod恒化器模型的定性分析

考虑了一类新的污染环境下具有时滞增长反应及脉冲输入的Monod恒化器模型．运用离散动力系统的频闪映射,获得了一个‘微生物灭绝’周期解,进一步获得了该周期解全局吸引的充分条件．运用脉冲时滞泛函微分方程新的计算技巧,证明了系统在适当的条件下是持久的,结论还表明该时滞是“有害”时滞．     

The existence of stationary distribution of a stochastic delayed chemostat model

In this paper, based on the existing literature, we further study an important statistical character of a stochastic delayed chemostat model. By constructing suitable Lyapunov functional and using the stochastic Lyapunov analysis method, we investigate the existence of stationary distribution and the ergodicity of a stochastic delayed chemostat model, which can help us better understand the dynamic behavior and statistical characteristics of stochastic delayed biological models.     

A delayed chemostat model with general nonmonotone response functions and differential removal rates

A chemostat model with general nonmonotone response functions is considered. The nutrient conversion process involves time delay. We show that under certain conditions, when n species compete in the chemostat for a single resource that is allowed to be inhibitory at high concentrations, the competitive exclusion principle holds. In the case of insignificant death rates, the result concerning the attractivity of the single species survival equilibrium already appears in the literature several times (see [H.M. El-Owaidy, M. Ismail, Asymptotic behavior of the chemostat model with delayed response in growth, Chaos Solitons Fractals 13 (2002) 787-795; H.M. El-Owaidy, A.A. Moniem, Asymptotic behavior of a chemostat model with delayed response growth, Appl. Math. Comput. 147 (2004) 147-161; S. Yuan, M. Han, Z. Ma, Competition in the chemostat: convergence of a model with delayed response in growth, Chaos Solitons Fractals 17 (2003) 659-667]). However, the proofs are all incorrect. In this paper, we provide a correct proof that also applies in the case of differential death rates. In addition, we provide a local stability analysis that includes sufficient conditions for the bistability of the single species survival equilibrium and the washout equilibrium, thus showing the outcome can be initial condition dependent. Moreover, we show that when the species specific death rates are included, damped oscillations may occur even when there is no delay. Thus, the species specific death rates might also account for the damped oscillations in transient behavior observed in experiments.     

Dynamics of the Stochastic Chemostat Model with Monod-Haldane Response Function

This paper is devoted to the asymptotic dynamics of stochastic chemostat model with Monod-Haldane response function. We first prove the existence of random attractors by means of the conjugacy method and further construct a general condition for internal structure of the random attractor, implying extinction of the species even with small noise. Moreover, we show that the attractors of Wong-Zakai approximations converges to the attractor of the stochastic chemostat model in an appropriate sense.     

具有时滞的周期非均匀竞争恒化器模型的空间动力学

本文提出了一个具有时滞的周期非均匀单种营养基——双种微生物的竞争恒化器模型,利用半群理论, 获得了该模型解的存在唯一性. 进一步, 建立了该模型的竞争排斥原理, 给出了两竞争物种共存的充分条件.     

Crowding effects promote coexistence in the chemostat

This paper deals with an almost-global stability result for a particular chemostat model. It deviates from the classical chemostat because crowding effects are taken into consideration. This model can be rewritten as a negative feedback interconnection of two systems which are monotone (as input/output systems). Moreover, these subsystems behave nicely when subject to constant inputs. This allows the use of a particular small-gain theorem which has recently been developed for feedback interconnections of monotone systems. Application of this theorem requires—at least approximate—knowledge of two gain functions associated to the subsystems. It turns out that for the chemostat model proposed here, these approximations can be obtained explicitly and this leads to a sufficient condition for almost-global stability. In addition, we show that coexistence occurs in this model if the crowding effects are large enough.     

Global analysis of a three-dimensional delayed Michaelis-Menten chemostat-type models with pulsed input

In this paper, a new three-dimensional Michaelis-Menten type chemostat model with time delay and pulsed input nutrient concentration is considered. By means of a fixed point in Poincare map for the discrete dynamical system, we obtain a semi-trivial periodic solution, further, we establish the sufficient conditions for the global attractivity of the semi-trivial periodic solution. By use of new computational techniques for impulsive and delayed differential equation, we prove that the system is permanent under appropriate conditions. Our results show that time delays are “profitless”. The results are further substantiated by numerical simulation.     

Analysis of a delayed Monod type chemostat model with impulsive input the polluted nutrient

In this paper, a Monod type chemostat model with delayed response in growth and impulsive input the polluted nutrient is considered. Using the discrete dynamical system determined by the stroboscopic map, we obtain a microorganism-extinction periodic solution. Further, it is globally attractive. The permanent condition of the investigated system is also obtained by the theory of impulsive delay differential equation. Our results reveal that the delayed response in growth plays an important role on the outcome of the chemostat.     

Time-optimal control of concentration changes in the chemostat with one single species

We consider the problem of driving in minimal time a system describing a chemostat model to a target point. This problem finds applications typically in the case where the input substrate concentration changes yielding in a new steady state. One essential feature is that the system takes into account a recirculation of biomass effect. We depict an optimal synthesis and provide an optimal feedback control of the problem by using Pontryagin’s Principle and geometric control theory for a large class of kinetics.     

Global stability for a model of competition in the chemostat with microbial inputs

We propose a model of competition of n species in a chemostat, with constant input of some species. We mainly emphasize the case that can lead to coexistence in the chemostat in a non-trivial way, i.e., where the n−1 less competitive species are in the input. We prove that if the inputs satisfy a constraint, the coexistence between the species is obtained in the form of a globally asymptotically stable (GAS) positive equilibrium, while a GAS equilibrium without the dominant species is achieved if the constraint is not satisfied. This work is round up with a thorough study of all the situations that can arise when having an arbitrary number of species in the chemostat inputs; this always results in a GAS equilibrium that either does or does not encompass one of the species that is not present in the input.     

Multiple limit cycles in a continuous culture vessel with variable yield

Determining the number of limit cycles for a continuous culture vessel system is always useful in analyzing the system. We prove the conditions that guarantee there exist three limit cycles for the chemostat with variable yield that was first proposed by Huang [Limit cycles in a continuous fermentation model, J. Math. Chem. 5 (1990) 287–296] and by Pilyugin and Waltman [Multiple limit cycles in the chemostat with variable yield, Math. Boisci. 182 (2003) 151–166].