Sol-Gel Method for Preparation of LiLaNiO/γ-Al_2O_3 Catalyst over Monoliths used in POM Reaction

Partial oxidation of methane (POM) has several advantages over the traditional industrial method of steam reforming, such as much higher space velocity, reduced capital and operation cost and optimized the ratio of the products (H2/CO). Many investigators are interested in the POM reaction over monolith now1-3. Monolith is a kind of ceramic-like metal oxide material. It has relative high surface to volume ratio compared to commercial pellets, low pressure drop during the reaction process2,…     

ESR Characterization and Activity of V_2O_5/γ-Al_2O_3 Catalysts for Dehydrogenation of Isobutane

IntroductionIsobutene is the raw material for theproduction of many important chemicals.Thedehydrogenation of isobutane to isobutene oncatalysts Cr2 O3/γ- Al2 O3and Pt/γ- Al2 O3have beenextensively studied and successfully applied inindustry[1,2 ] .The dehydrogenation of isobutane to isobuteneis an endothermic reaction and is limited by thechemical equilibrium.Coke is easy formed on thecatalyst surface and the catalyst is frequentlyregenerated in the running.The oxidativedehydrogenation …     

浆态床中Cu/ZnO/Al_2O_3/ZrO_2+γ-Al_2O_3双功能催化剂一步法合成二甲醚

采用共沉淀法,制备了纤维状CD501甲醇合成催化剂,采用SEM、TEM、XRD和BET等手段对催化剂进行了表征;并将其进一步和γ-Al2O3进行混合,获得了Cu/ZnO/Al2O3/ZrO2+γ-Al2O3双功能催化剂,考察了其在浆态床中一步法合成二甲醚过程的催化特性。结果表明,相比商业催化剂(COM)和LP201催化剂,新型的CD501催化剂具有更大的比表面积和Cu/Zn分散性。对于浆态床中一步法合成二甲醚过程,采用CD501与γ-Al2O3双功能催化剂,相比采用COM或LP201与γ-Al2O3双功能催化剂,CO转化率提高了一倍,且经过270 h测试,CO转化率从61%降至57%,二甲醚时空产率从0.54 g/(g.h)降至0.48 g/(g.h),稳定性显著优于COM催化剂。当反应温度为250℃,压力为4.0 MPa,空速为3 000 mL/(g.h),氢碳比为1.0时,该催化剂应用在浆态床一步法合成二甲醚时,CO转化率为61%,DME时空产率达到0.54 g/(g.h)。     

Additive effects of alkaline-earth metals and nickel on the performance of Co/γ-Al_2O_3 in methane catalytic partial oxidation

Nano-sized γ-alumina (γ-Al2O3) was first prepared by a precipitation method. Then, active component of cobalt and a series of alkaline- earth metal promoters or nickel (Ni) with different contents were loaded on the γ-Al2O3 support. The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). The activity and selectivity of the catalysts in catalytic partial oxidation (CPO) of methane have been compared with Co/γ-Al2O3, and it is found that the catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability are enhanced by the addition of alkaline-earth metals and nickel. The optimal loadings of strontium (Sr) and Ni were 6 and 4 wt%, respectively. This finding will be helpful in designing the trimetallic Co-Ni-Sr/γ-Al2O3 catalysts with high performance in CPO of methane.     

Nb_2O_5/γ-A1_2O_3表面铌氧物种的分散状态与酸性特征

负载型Nb_2O_5是多种催化反应的有效催化剂.以草酸铌为前驱物,γ-Al_2O_3为载体,通过浸渍法制备不同负载量的Nb_O_5/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂.采用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、激光拉曼光谱(LRS)和吡啶吸附傅立叶变换红外(Py-IR)光谱方法对催化剂表面铌氧(NbO_x)物种的分散特征、酸性特征进行表征,通过异丁烯(IB)与异丁醛(IBA)缩合生成2,5-二甲基-2,4-己二烯(DMHD)反应评价催化剂表面酸催化活性.结果表明,Nb在γ-Al_2O_3表面的单层分散容量(г_(Nb)为7.6 μmol·m~(-2),与"嵌入模型"理论分析:Nb~(5+)分散在γ-Al_2O_3优先暴露晶面(110)上八面体空位中的单层分散容量值7.5 μmol·m~(-2)接近,即分散的Nb~(5+)离子键合在γ-Al_2O_3表面八面体空位中.在低负载量下,分散在γ-Al_2O_3表面的Nb_2O_5主要以孤立的NbO_x物种形式通过Nb--O--Al键与载体表面键合,与LRS结果一致.处于孤立状态下的NbO_x物种使表面Lewis酸位量下降.随负载量的增加,孤立的NbO_x物种通过Nb--O--Nb键连接而聚集,并形成表面Br(o)nsted酸位,随着NbO_x聚集度增加,表面Br(o)nsted酸密度增加,酸性增强,对IBA与IB缩合反应催化活性增加.当负载量超过单层分散容量时,NbO_x物种呈现三维聚集状态,DMHD的转化频率(TOF)降低,同时表面Br(o)nsted酸性增强,导致目标产物DMHD的选择性降低.Nb2_O_5/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂表面Br(o)nsted酸特征与NbO_x物种聚集状态密切相关.     

TPR in situ (57)~Fe MBS研究Fe/γ-Al_2O_3及Pt-Fe/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂

虽然γ－Al2O3。担载的Pt－Fe双组分催化剂与Pt－Sn双组分催化剂类似，对脱氢反应亦具有较好的催化活性[1]，但有关其表面结构的报道甚少．TPRinsituMBS技术研究含Fe催化剂可获得很多有用的信息[2，3]，本文以TPR及TPRinsitu57FeMBS技术研究了Pt－Fe／γ－Al2O3催化剂的表面组成及Pt、Fe与γ－A12O3相互作用情况．1实验部分催化剂采用分浸法制备“‘，所有含Fe样品”Fe含量均为wFc一0．1％．样品的TPR及TPRinsitu’7FeMBS的测量见文献［‘j．2结果和讨论2．ITPR研齐人AI，O，、PtFe／y－AI、0。的TPR港示于囹1．中…     

硝酸镁在γ-Al2O3上的热分解及MgO/γ-Al2O3的碱性

研究了不同载量时Mg(NO3)2 在γ Al2O3 上存在状态和热分解行为差异.考察了Mg含量不同时MgO/γ Al2O3 的碱性变化情况 ,并与水滑石焙烧产物Mg(Al)O的碱性进行了对比.结果表明,Mg(NO3)2 可单层分散于γ Al2O3 表面 ,Mg(NO3)2 的分散决定了MgO的分散阈值 ;单层态的Mg(NO3)2 比晶态的分解温度低 ;MgO/γ Al2O3 在阈值附近具有单位表面最高碱量 ,碱位分布与Mg(Al)O相似 ,单位表面碱量高于Mg(Al)O.由于γ Al2O3 的织构可以方便地调节 ,且MgO/γ Al2O3很容易制备 ,MgO/γ Al2O3 是一个很有应用前景的固体碱.     

甲醇重整反应中Pt/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂纳米Pt粒径与催化性能关系研究

利用硝基甲烷还原法在室温条件下得到了纳米Pt粒径可控的担载Pt/γ-Al2O3催化剂,并利用甲醇重整反应为反应探针考察了Pt粒径与催化反应性能之间的关系,发现催化反应的性能与担载贵金属颗粒粒径之间存在明显的相关性.通过透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(TPR)等测试手段对催化剂进行表征,发现钠米Pt的粒径大小不但影响甲醇重整反应的活性,同时也影响反应的选择性,即催化剂的催化性能与担载贵金属粒径之间存在明显的尺度效应.     

In-Situ FT-IR Investigation Methane to Syngas over of Partial Oxidation of Rh/SiO2 Catalyst

Partial oxidation of methane to syngas （POM） over Rh/SiO2 catalyst was investigated using in-situ FT-IR. When methane interacted with 1.0wt%Rh/SiO2 catalyst, it was dissociated to adsorbed hydrogen and CHx species. The adsorbed hydrogen atoms were transferred to SiO2 surface by ＂spill-over＂ and reacted with lattice oxygen to form surface -OH species. POM mechanism was investigated over Rh/SiO2 catalyst using in-situ FT-IR. It was found that CO2 was formed before CO could be detected when CH4 and O2 were introduced over the preoxidized Rh/SiO2 catalyst, whereas CO was detected before CO2 was formed over the prereduced Rh/SiO2 catalyst.     

TiO_2在γ-Al_2O_3的单层分散态

近年来文献报道,用TiO_2(锐钛矿)改性的γ-Al_2O_3,作为钼系加氢脱硫或脱氮催化剂的载体,可明显改善催化剂的性能。因此,TiO_2在γ-Al_2O_3表面上的存在状态和性质已成为重要的研究课题。我们曾对用气相吸附法制备的TiO_2/γ-Al_2O_3复合载体中的TiO_2在γ-Al_2O_3表面上的存在状态作了初步研究,发现TiO_2在γ-Al_2O_3(Sg=211.6m~2、g)表面上有一分散阈值     

Surface Acidity/Basicity and Catalytic Reactivity of CeO2/7-Al2O3 Catalysts for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane with Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene

Dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene in CO2 was investigated over CeO2/γ-Al2O3 catalysts at 700℃ in a conventional flow reactor operating at atmospheric pressure. XRD, BET and microcalori-metric adsorption techniques were used to characterize the structure and surface acidity/basicity of the CeO2/γ-Al2O3 catalysts. The results show that the surface acidity decreased while the surface basicity increased after the addition of CeO2 to γ-A12O3. Accordingly, the activity of the hydrogenation reaction of CO2 increased, which might be responsible for the enhanced conversion in the dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene. The highest ethane conversion obtained was about 15% for the 25%CeO2/γ-Al2O3. The selectivity to ethylene was high for all the CeO2,γ-A12O3 and CeO2/γ-Al2O3 catalysts.     

Study of CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol over Cu-V/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst

The effect of vanadium addition to CU/γ-Al2O3 catalyst used in the hydrogenation of CO2 to produce methanol was studied. It was found that the catalytic performance of the Cu-based catalyst improved after V addition. The influence of reaction temperature, space velocity and the molar ratio of H2 to CO2 on the performance of 12%Cu-6%V/γ-Al2O3 catalyst were also studied. The results indicated that the best conditions for reaction were as follows: 240℃, 3600 h-1 and a molar ratio of H2 to CO2 of 3:1. The results of XRD and TPR characterization demonstrated that the addition of V enhanced the dispersion of the supported CuO species, which resulted in the enhanced catalytic performance of CU-V/γ-Al2O3 binary catalyst.     

Kinetics of Methane Partial Oxidation to Syngas over a LiLaNiO/γ -Al2O3 Catalyst

The kinetic behavior of partial oxidation of methane to syngas over a LiLaNiO/γ -Al₂O₃ catalyst was investigated under steady-state conditions. Under kinetic control, syngas, to a large extent, is formed via a direct partial oxidation (DPO) scheme. CO and CO₂ are formed in parallel by oxidation reaction over the catalyst. The active sites in the kinetically controlled regime are different from those in the non-kinetic regime, thus the CO selectivity in the former may not increase with temperature. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Simultaneous removal of ethanol, acetaldehyde and nitrogen oxides over V-Pd/γ-Al_2O_3-TiO_2 catalyst

V-Pd/γ-Al2O3-TiO2 catalysts with different vanadium contents were prepared by a combined sol-gel and impregnation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and catalytic removal of ethanol, acetaldehyde and nitrogen oxides at low temperature (<300 ?C) were used to assess the properties of the catalysts. The results showed that the sample with 1wt% vanadium exhibited an excellent catalytic performance for simultaneous removal of ethanol, acetaldehyde and nitrogen oxides. The conversions of ethanol, acetaldehyde and nitrogen oxides at 250 ?C were 100%, 74.4% and 98.7%, respectively. V-Pd/γ-Al2O3-TiO2 catalyst with 1 wt% vanadium showed the largest surface area and higher dispersion of vanadium oxide on the catalyst surface, and possessed a larger mole fraction of V4+ species and unique PdO species on the surface, which can be attributed to the strong synergistic effect among palladium, vanadium and the carriers. The higher activity of V-Pd/γ-Al2O3-TiO2 catalyst is related to the V4+ and Pd2+ species on the surface, which might be favorable for the formation of active sites.     

NiO-La_2O_3-Al_2O_3气凝胶催化剂的制备

采用改进的溶胶 -凝胶法和超临界干燥技术制备出超细三元 Ni O- L a2 O3 - Al2 O3 气凝胶催化剂 .通过 BET、TEM、XRD、DTA、IR等物性表征 ,考察了煅烧温度和组成等对气凝胶催化剂制备的影响 .结果表明 ,此种方法制备的多元气凝胶催化剂不仅保留了氧化铝和 Ni O- Al2 O3 气凝胶的主要特征 ,而且 ,氧化镧的加入使气凝胶更易晶化 ,热稳定性更好和吸附能力更强 .这种改进的溶胶 -凝胶法和超临界干燥技术操作简单有效 ,适合要求组分之间相互作用强、分布均匀、结构热稳定性好的多组元负载催化剂的制备 .     

氧化态Co/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂的结构与反应性能研Ⅰ.活性及体相、表相结构表征

采用等量浸渍法 ,制得 5 0 0、 6 0 0、 75 0和 95 0℃焙烧的 Co/ γ- Al2 O3催化剂 ;考察了它们对 CO氧化和乙烯选择还原 NO的反应性能 ;用 XRD和 XPS方法表征了催化剂的体相与表相结构 .活性测试结果表明 ,随焙烧温度升高 ,样品对 CO的氧化活性呈下降趋势 ;对乙烯选择还原 NO反应 ,活性先上升 ,而后又有所下降 (当焙烧温度高于 75 0℃时 ) .从硝酸钴制得的样品 ,其氧化活性要高于从醋酸钴制得的样品 ,但对乙烯选择还原 NO,后者的活性更好 .结构表征结果表明 ,催化剂中钴物种的存在形式与原料盐类及焙烧温度密切相关 .在 Co/ γ- Al2 O3催化剂中主要存在两种钴相 ,即 Co3O4和非化学计量的 Cox Al( 8/ 3- 2 x/ 3) O4尖晶石相 ,前者为完全氧化活性中心 ,后者是 NO选择还原的活性中心 .在相同焙烧温度下 ,以醋酸钴为原料时 ,更容易形成 Cox Al( 8/ 3- 2 x/ 3) O4尖晶石相 .随着焙烧温度提高 ,活性组分与载体的相互作用加强 ,Co3O4相逐步向 Cox Al( 8/ 3- 2 x / 3) O4尖晶石相转化 ,这可能是样品氧化活性下降和选择还原活性升高的主要原因 .在更高焙烧温度下 ,随着 Cox Al( 8/ 3- 2 x / 3) O4尖晶石相颗粒度的增加和晶形改变 ,以及钴离子由表相向体相的迁移 ,使样品比表面积下降 ,表面氧空位及活性位减少 ,     

Cu－Ag－Mn－Ce－O／γ－Al_2O_3催化剂对CH_3OH及CO深度氧化时各元素的相互作用

Ｃｕ－Ａｇ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－Ｏ／γ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３催化剂对ＣＨ_３ＯＨ及ＣＯ深度氧化时各元素的相互作用王金安，许勇，汪仁（华东理工大学工业催化研究所，上海２００２３７）关键词Ｃｕ－Ａｇ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－Ｏ／γ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３催化剂，深度氧化，甲醇，一氧化碳，相互?..     

NO_x储存催化剂Pt/BaAl_2O_4-A1_2O_3的XAFS研究

采用共沉淀－浸渍法在不同载体焙烧温度下,制备了不同Ａｌ／Ｂａ原子比的Ｐｔ／ＢａＡｌ２Ｏ４－Ａ１２Ｏ３系列样品。用ＸＲＤ,ＸＡＮＥＳ,ＥＸＡＦＳ,以及ＮＳＣ（ＮＯ_ｘ　ｓｔｏｒａｇｅ ｃａｐａｃｉｔｙ）测定等手段对样品的微观结构和ＮＯ_ｘ储存性能进行了详细的表征．样品中Ｂａ物种是以ＢａＡｌ２Ｏ４和ＢａＣＯ３两种混合物相的形式存在,且伴随着载体焙烧温度和Ｂａ含量的降低,ＢａＡｌ２Ｏ４物相的分散度变高,ＮＯ_ｘ储存活性也随之提高,这表明ＢａＡｌ２Ｏ４相的分散度与样品的ＮＯ_ｘ储存性能密切相关,小颗粒的ＢａＡｌ２Ｏ４相是ＮＯ_ｘ的主要储存活性中心．在样品中,Ｐｔ物种以金属原子簇形式存在．分散度很高,其Ｐｔ—Ｐｔ壳层配位数较标样Ｐｔ粉有显著下降,Ｐｔ—Ｐｔ键长变短,出现了纳米收缩现象．高分散的小颗粒金属Ｐｔ原于簇为捕获和氧化ＮＯ_ｘ的主要活性中心．     

TiO_2调变对MoO_3/γ-Al_2O_3和CoO-MoO_3/γ-Al_2O_3表面结构及还原性能的影响

采用气相流动吸附法制ＴｉＯ２／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３，复合载体，浸渍法担载一定量ＭｏＯ３或ＣｏＯ－ＭｏＯ３，用ＸＲＤ，ＬＲＳ和ＴＰＲ等技术考察了Ｍｏ或Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ催化剂的表面结构和还原性能。结果表明，覆盖在γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３上的ＴｉＯ２能减弱ＭｏＯ３与γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３之间的相互作用，明显改善Ｍｏ催化剂的表面结构，促进ＭｏＯ３的还原。适量ＣｏＯ助剂的加入能促进ＭｏＯ３在载体表面的分散。