导引磁场控制相对论速调管放大器电子束收集的方法

通过改变磁场位形,利用粒子模拟方法,研究了相对论速调管放大器（RKA）中电子束收集位置对器件效率和工作稳定性的影响。合适的电子束收集位置对增加输出腔区束波作用强度、减小输出腔区强流电子束的空间电荷势能以及减少RKA中反射电子数量非常有利。对一个工作频率2.85 GHz的RKA的电子束收集方式进行了改进,在电子束参数为510 keV和8.1 kA,注入微波功率500 kW和导引磁场1.5 T时,模拟得到了1.4 GW的微波输出,效率33.7%,增益33.8 dB,改进电子束收集方式之前的模拟结果为输出功率1.1 GW,效率为26.3%。利用Surperfish设计了改进收集方式后所需的磁场位形,并导入粒子模拟程序进行了模拟,实现了对电子束收集位置的有效控制,输出效率为32%。     

北京自由电子激光器的光学速调管结构

采用KMR方程,结合即将运转的北京自由电子激光器总体实验参数,对其光学速调管结构研究.详细分析计算输入功率、电子束能散度、色散磁场、漂移空间长度及位置、以及电子束流等参数对光学速调管增益的影响.基于北京自由电子激光器的振荡器结构,提出一组对电子束能散度要求适中的实用化光学速调管参数.并对其饱和功率、功率谱以及渐变摆动器进行分析.     

一种新的永久周期磁铁聚焦的高功率宽带放大器

提出了一种新的高功率宽带放大器,它由速调管和自由电子脉塞组成,用永久周期磁铁聚焦。研究了这种器件的电子束聚焦、群聚和辐射。在速调管提供一阶调制系数为30%,波导管的半径1.51cm,摇摆器的磁场振幅0.16T,周期7.92cm,电子束的电压490kV,电流50A和半径0.368cm的条件下,预估这种器件的辐射波频率为11.4GHz,输出辐射功率为18MW,输出辐射带宽为44%。     

一种新的永久周期磁铁聚焦的高功率宽带放大器

提出了一种新的高功率宽带放大器，它由速调管和自由电子脉塞组成，用永久周期磁铁聚焦。研究了这种器件的电子束聚焦、群聚和辐射。在速调管提供一阶调制系数为30%，波导管的半径1.51cm，摇摆器的磁场振幅0.16T，周期7.92cm，电子束的电压490kV，电流50A和半径0.368cm的条件下，预估这种器件的辐射波频率为11.4GHz，输出辐射功率为18MW，输出辐射带宽为44%。     

一种新的永久周期磁铁聚焦的高功率宽带放大器

 提出了一种新的高功率宽带放大器，它由速调管和自由电子脉塞组成，用永久周期磁铁聚焦。研究了这种器件的电子束聚焦、群聚和辐射。在速调管提供一阶调制系数为30%，波导管的半径1.51cm，摇摆器的磁场振幅0.16T，周期7.92cm，电子束的电压490kV，电流50A和半径0.368cm的条件下，预估这种器件的辐射波频率为11.4GHz，输出辐射功率为18MW，输出辐射带宽为44%。     

X波段同轴多注相对论速调管放大器的初步实验研究

为了提高相对论速调管放大器的工作频率和输出功率,结合三重轴相对论速调管和多注速调管的特点,设计了工作在X波段的同轴强流多注相对论速调管放大器,对强流多注电子束在多注器件结构中的传输、电子束经过输入腔和中间腔后的基波调制以及经过输出腔的微波提取过程进行了实验研究,得到了初步的实验结果.在输入微波功率30 kW,频率9.375 GHz,电子束电压670kV,束流5.3 kA,轴向引导磁感应强度0.8 T的条件下,得到了最大输出微波功率为420 MW,效率为12%,增益为41 dB,输出微波频率与输入微波一致.实验证实了采用同轴强流多注相对论速调管放大器实现X波段高功率微波放大的可行性,为后续更高功率研究打下了基础.     

重复运行短脉冲S波段相对论速调管放大器

介绍了利用HVG-1二极管产生的强流短脉冲电子束源, 开展短脉冲重复频率为100Hz的S波段相对论速调管放大器(RKA)实验研究. 利用无箔空心石墨阴极和0.82T的恒流源引导磁场, 引出了电压约700kV、电流约6.5kA、脉宽(半高宽)25ns的环形电子束. 该电子束经过输入腔和中间腔的调制后, 得到了5kA/22ns的 基波调制电流. 经过输出腔后, 得到了大于1GW/20ns的辐射微波, 频率2.95GHz, 平均功率2.4kW, 效率约24%, 增益34dB. 没有观察到限制该GW级功率水平的S波段RKA的因素.     

8 mm二次谐波回旋速调管非线性分析

 对8 mm二次谐波回旋速调管中的注-波互作用,进行了PIC模拟计算,得到了高频结构尺寸、电子注参数、聚焦磁场等参数对输出功率、效率和增益的影响规律。在磁场系数0.511 8,电子注电压70 kV,电子注电流约16 A,输入功率约80 W时,得到约430 kW的输出功率,电子转化效率38%,超过37 dB的增益,3 dB带宽超过210 MHz。     

光学速调管的自发辐射计算

光学速调管自发辐射的结果是鉴定其性能的指标之一。根据合肥同步辐射环上采用的光学速调管和实测的磁场数据,计算了单能电子束和具有不同能散度电子束的自发辐射谱及相应的小信号增益谱,结果表明光学速调管的性能是好的。     

离轴X波段五腔高增益速调管放大器

利用辛普森算法求解螺线管线圈内磁场分布,证明了离轴磁场能用于电子束的聚束。利用2维粒子模拟程序建立了X波段五腔高增益速调管放大器模型,整管模拟得到了频率9.45 GHz、输出功率300 MW、增益50.3 dB和效率37.5%的微波输出。依此设计了X波段五腔高增益速调管放大器的三维模型,并将其分别放置在线圈中心轴和离轴54 mm的位置进行模拟,模拟结果证明工作在离轴状态的器件同样可以进行微波放大。最后,对一个螺线管线圈内放置七个器件的状态进行了三维模拟,其合成功率输出可达2 GW。     

Three-dimensional simulation of long-wavelength free-electron lasers with helical wiggler and ion-channel guiding

A three-dimensional simulation of a steady-state amplifier model of a long-wavelength free-electron laser (FEL) with realizable helical wiggler and ion-channel guiding is presented. The set of coupled nonlinear differential equations for electron orbits and fields of TE 11 mode in a cylindrical waveguide are solved numerically by the Runge-Kutta algorithm with averages calculated by the Gaussian quadrature technique. Self-fields and space-charge effects are neglected, and the electron beam is assumed to be cold and slippage is ignored. The parameters correspond to the Compton regime. Evolution of the radiation power and growth rate along the wiggler is studied. Ion-channel density is chosen to obtain optimum efficiency. Simulations are preformed for the FEL operating in the neighborhood of 35 GHz and 16.5 GHz for the electron beam energies of 250 keV and 400 keV, respectively. The result of the saturated efficiency was found to be in good agreement with the simple estimation based on the phase-trapping model.     

High efficiency, phase-locked operation of the harmonic-multiplyinginverted gyrotwystron oscillator

The inverted gyrotwystron (phigtron) is a millimeter wave frequency-doubling amplifier that has been demonstrated to produce over 300 kW peak power at twice the input frequency (centered at f_in =16.85 GHz and f_out=33.7 GHz) over a 0.5% bandwidth with a saturated gain of 30 dB and efficiency greater than 35%. The device has also been studied both theoretically and experimentally in a different operating regime where frequency-doubled, phase-locked oscillation is possible. A signal, injected via a fundamental gyro-traveling wave tube input section, modulated a 55 kV, 10 A electron beam. After transit through a drift section, the prebunched electron beam produced phase-locked, second harmonic oscillations in a TE₀₃ mode output cavity. RF output centered at either of two frequencies, 34.42 and 34.62 GHz, with a maximum output power of 180 kW, an efficiency of 32% and a locked signal gain of 35 dB was measured. A theoretical prediction of locking bandwidth, a design overview, and the experimental results are presented followed by a summary and discussion of the results     

A high-power millimeter-wave sheet beam free-electron laseramplifier

The results of experiments with a short period (9.6 mm) wiggler sheet electron beam (1.0 mm×2.0 cm) millimeter-wave free electron laser (FEL) amplifier are presented. This FEL amplifier utilized a strong wiggler field for sheet beam confinement in the narrow beam dimension and an offset-pole side-focusing technique for the wide dimension beam confinement. The beam analysis herein includes finite emittance and space-charge effects. High-current beam propagation was achieved as a result of extensive analytical studies and experimental optimization. A design optimization resulted in a low sensitivity to structure errors and beam velocity spread, as well as a low required beam energy. A maximum gain of 24 dB was achieved with a 1-kW injected signal power at 86 GHz, a 450-kV beam voltage, 17-A beam current, 3.8-kG wiggler magnetic field, and a 74-period wiggler length. The maximum gain with a one-watt injected millimeter-wave power was observed to be over 30 dB. The lower gain at higher injection power level indicates that the device has approached saturation. The device was studied over a broad range or experimental parameters. The experimental results have a good agreement with expectations from a one-dimensional simulation code. The successful operation of this device has proven the feasibility of the original concept and demonstrated the advantages of the sheet beam FEL amplifier. The results of the studies will provide guidelines for the future development of sheet beam FELs and/or other kinds of sheet beam devices     

回旋速调管放大器注-波互作用分析

给出了自洽非线性大信号理论分析方法,在理论分析和高频计算的基础上,建立了回旋速调管放大器注-波互作用计算模型,对其进行数值计算。研究多种参量对放大器输出功率、增益、效率等的影响,通过优化得到了中心频率34 GHz的四腔回旋速调管放大器设计方案。粒子模拟表明：在工作电压65 kV,注电流8 A,电子注横向与纵向速度比为1.5时,输出功率230 kW,带宽230 MHz,电子效率45%,饱和增益33 dB。     

新型小周期wiggler的研制

本文提出一种新型小周期wiggler结构,它是由带铁芯的双绕螺旋片组成,产生圆极化磁场,对周期为10mm,长100mm的wiggler原型的磁场进行测量,横向磁场可达1KG,根据现有的加速器,加速电压为400—500keV,提出了输出频率为190GHz的小周期wiggler自由电子激光放大器设计。 关键词：     

W波段分布作用速调管的设计和实验研究

基于运动学理论、感应电流定理和电荷守恒定律,分析了分布作用谐振腔的渡越时间效应,推导了各个谐振腔工作于π模的电子注与微波之间的能量转换系数、电子负载电导和电子负载电纳,计算结果显示采用分布作用谐振腔有利于提高速调管的工作效率.利用三维电磁仿真软件,设计了一款工作于W波段的分布作用速调管.完成了速调管的加工和封接,搭建了测试平台,开展了相关实验研究.实验结果显示,当电子注电压20.8 kV,电流0.3 A,输入功率30 mW时,在中心频率95.37 GHz处,得到了175 W峰值脉冲输出功率,电子效率2.8%,增益34.6 dB, 3 dB带宽大于90 MHz.     

A long-pulse millimeter-wave free electron maser

An experimental free electron maser (FEM) facility is described which operates in the millimeter-wave regime. The experiment demonstrates that high gain and beam extraction efficiency can be obtained with low-current but high-quality electron beams. In the oscillator configuration, microwave powers of 110 kW were achieved with a 300-kV, 4-A beam, corresponding to a beam extraction efficiency of 9.2%. At low beam currents, with the system operating in the linear regime, the FEM gain curve was measured. The experiment uses a Pierce-type gun with a calculated beam emittance of 10.7-mm mrad at 300 kV and 4 A. The wiggler is of the iron permanent magnet hybrid design. The experiment is intended as a first step towards the development of continuous-wave (CW) devices that use beam energy recovery to make use of low-current, high-voltage power supplies