三甲基硅烷衍生化-气相/质谱联用法分析尿中7-氨基硝西泮

 建立了分析尿中硝西泮主要代谢物 7 氨基硝西泮 (7 ANIZ)的三甲基硅烷衍生化 气相 /质谱联用方法。尿样经乙醚 乙酸乙酯 (体积比为 99∶1 )萃取后 ,用N ,O 双 (三甲基硅 )三氟乙酰胺进行衍生化 ,检测衍生物的总离子流。根据 7 ANIZ衍生物质谱中主要特征离子的相对丰度及其质量的保留时间进行定性分析 ;用 7 氨基氯硝西泮做内标 ,根据衍生物基峰离子的质量进行定量分析。本方法中 7 ANIZ的萃取率为 82 8% ,线性范围为 1 0 μg/L～ 50 0 μg/L,检出限为 1 2 μg/L,定量限为 3 5μg/L。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定鸡肉组织中残留的氯羟吡啶

建立了气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)测定鸡肉组织中氯羟吡啶残留的确证方法。采用乙腈提取鸡肉组织中的待测物,经碱性氧化铝层析柱净化,Sylon BFT衍生剂衍生后,采用选择离子监测(SIM)模式检测。对氯羟吡啶三甲基硅烷化衍生物的电子轰击（EI）质谱碎片进行解析,选择m/z 212,214,248和263等4个特征离子作为定性离子,其中m/z 248为定量离子。同时还考察了检测过程中的基质效应。氯羟吡啶衍生物的响应与其质量浓度在5.0～500 μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数大于0.998;以3倍信噪比(S/N)计算方法的检出限达0.5 μg/kg;在5,10和20 μg/kg添加水平下鸡肉组织中待测物的平均回收率分别为77.0%,84.5%及89.4%,相对标准偏差小于6.9%。结果表明,该方法简单、灵敏、可靠,适用于鸡肉组织中氯羟吡啶残留的分析确证。     

生物检材中毒鼠强的GC-MS选择离子分析

采用二氢甲烷萃取GC－MS及选择离子定性的方法,检测了血液、尸体脏器中的灭鼠药毒鼠强（四次甲基二砜四胺）,毒氧强分子量为240,其质谱图中有明显的分子离子峰240m/z、基峰42m/z及212、185、132、121、92、76m/z的碎片离子峰。对212、240m/z碎片离子进行扫描,可提高检测灵敏度。本法适用于中毒血液和脏器中低含量毒鼠强的定性检测。     

N-环己基吡嗪酮类化合物的EI质谱及其解析

总结和归属了 (2H)_2_环己基_3 ,4二氢吡咯并[1 ,2_a]吡嗪_1_酮及其7个苯甲酰基衍生物和3个苯乙酰基衍生物在电子轰击电离质谱 (EI_MS)中的主要裂解方式和特征 ,指明了主要碎片离子的来源和结构 ,这10个芳酰基衍生物质谱图中的主要碎片峰均来自麦氏重排和异构化后的α_裂解,由其裂解产生的m/z120和m/z163离子是该类化合物共同的特征离子 ;吡嗪酮苯甲酰基衍生物基峰为M -82 ,苯乙酰基类衍生物基峰为m/z245。     

N—环已基吡嗪酮类化合物的EI质谱及其解析

总结和归属了（2H）－2－环已基－3，4二氢吡咯并[1,2-α]吡嗪－1－酮及其7个苯甲酰基衍生物和3个苯乙酰基衍生物在电子轰击电离质谱（EI－MS）中的主要裂解方式和特征，指明了主要碎片离子的来源和结构，这10个芳酰基衍生物质谱图中的主要碎片峰均来自麦氏重排和异构化后的α－裂解，由其裂解产生的m/z120和m/z163离子是该类化合物共同的特征离子；吡嗪酮苯甲酰基衍生物基峰为M－82，苯乙酰基类衍生物基峰为m/z245。     

二甲基(五氟苯基)硅烷衍生物的质谱重排反应

利用气相色谱质谱联用仪在电子轰击离子源下对20个二甲基(五氟苯基)硅烷衍生物进行分析,发现大部分化合物质谱图上无分子离子峰,少数化合物可观察到较弱的分子离子峰。所有化合物质谱图上都具有较强的[M-CH3]+离子,且在个别化合物的谱图上表现为基峰,该离子来自游离基中心诱导发生的α(C-Si键断裂)裂解。各化合物的谱图上均具有m/z 77和m/z 79的特征离子,在绝大多数化合物的谱图上表现为基峰。对离子进行归属时发现该类离子并不能通过化合物分子内键的直接裂解而得到,推测该类离子是通过进行分子内的骨架重排反应而得到的三配位硅正离子,推断其生成途径为单分子亲核取代反应历程(SN1)。进一步对不含氟的二甲基(苯基)硅烷衍生物进行分析,未检出该类重排特征离子,从而印证了对于二甲基(五氟苯基)硅烷衍生物中重排离子生成途径的推测。     

苯二氮?类新精神活性物质氯硝唑仑的检验

建立了采用红外光谱(FTIR)、气相色谱-四级杆飞行时间质谱(GC/Q-TOF)和液相色谱-高分辨质谱(UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap)鉴定检材中氯硝唑仑的方法,并通过核磁共振氢谱(~1HNMR)进行确认。样品经FTIR检测在1512cm~(-1)和1351cm~(-1)处存在芳香族硝基红外光谱特征吸收峰。用甲醇溶解后,上清液经GC/Q-TOF检测,保留时间为18.82 min组分的质谱碎片主要特征离子峰有353.0680(分子离子峰),324.0534(基峰),278.0605,249.0659,203.0730等。经UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap检测,保留时间为12.72 min的质子化分子离子m/z为354.0739,碰撞诱导解离(CID)模式下二级质谱主要离子有326.0564,319.1063,308.0822。经SWGDRUG3.3谱库检索,资料对比和核磁共振氢谱共同确认目标物为苯二氮??类新精神活性物质氯硝唑仑。     

二氢埃托啡七氟衍生物的气相色谱—质谱研究

对高效镇痛药盐酸二氢埃托啡的衍生化条件、色谱及质谱行为进行了研究。通过对不同衍生化试剂、衍生化的反应温度、反应时间等条件的优化，选择七氟丁酰咪唑与二氢埃托啡在室温反应５ｍｉｎ，即可生成较完全的单取代七氟丁酰衍生物。该衍生物具有较好的气相色谱和电子轰击质谱行为。其单取代分子离子的质量数为ｍ／ｚ６０９，基峰离了为ｍ／ｚ５２２，主要碎片离子分别为ｍ／ｚ５０８，５３４和５７６，并对这些离了孤产生进行了解析     

二氢埃托啡七氟衍生物的气相色谱－质谱研究

对高效镇痛药盐酸二氢埃托啡的衍生化条件、色谱及质谱行为进行了研究。通过对不同衍生化试剂、衍生化反应温度、反应时间等条件的优化，选择七氟丁酰咪唑与二氢埃托啡在室温反应５ｍｉｎ，即可生成较完全的单取代七氟丁酰衍生物。该衍生物具有较好的气相色谱和电子轰击质谱行为。其单取代分子离子的质量数为ｍ／ｚ６０９，基峰离子为ｍ／ｚ５２２，主要碎片离子分别为ｍ／ｚ５０８、５３４和５７６，并对这些离子的产生进行了解析。这些离子均有较强的相对丰度，可作为微量二氢埃托啡的多离子选择定性。而基峰离子ｍ／ｚ５２２作为其特征离子，可用于微量二氢埃托啡的单离子选择定量。最低检测限为１ｐｇ。     

二氢吡咯并噁嗪酮类化合物的EI质谱及其解析

总结和归属了(1H)＿3,4＿二氢吡咯［2,1＿c］［1,4］嗪＿1＿酮及其6个苯甲酰基衍生物和两个苯乙酰基衍生物在电子轰击电离质谱(EIMS)中的主要裂解方式和特征,指明了主要碎片离子的来源和结构。这8个芳酰基衍生物质谱图中的主要碎片峰均来自α＿裂解和脱中性小分子碎片的重排裂解,由其产生的m／z164、m／z120和m／z92离子是该类化合物共同的特征离子;二氢吡咯嗪酮苯甲酰基衍生物和苯乙酰基衍生物的基峰都为m／z164。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。