Diastereoselective spiroannulation of phenolic substrates: advances towards the asymmetric formation of the manumycin m-C7N core skeleton

The asymmetric syntheses of two new spirolactones prepared in optically pure form from L-3-nitrotyrosine are described. The key step, an oxidative spiroannulation, was carried out on the optically active phenols 11a and 11b and afforded the new spirolactones 5a and 5b in 85% and 83% yields, respectively, as mixtures (3:1 dr) of diastereomers. The major diastereomers from these mixtures could be isolated in optically pure form by trituration using acetone-hexanes as the solvent. Thus, the optically active spirolactones (+)-5a (+ 92.8 degrees, c=0.125 acetone) and (+)-5b (+112.0 degrees, c= 0.125 acetone) were obtained after four synthetic steps from L-3-nitrotyrosine in 41% and 43% yield, respectively.     

Asymmetric strecker reaction of aldimines using aqueous potassium cyanide by phase-transfer catalysis of chiral quaternary ammonium salts with a tetranaphthyl backbone

The phase-transfer-catalyzed, highly enantioselective cyanation of aldimines using aqueous KCN has been realized based on the molecular design of chiral quaternary ammonium iodide 2c bearing a stereochemically defined tetranaphthyl backbone. For example, vigorous stirring of a mixture of cyclohexanecarboxaldimine (R = c-Hex) and (R,R,R)-2c (1 mol %) in toluene-KCN aqueous solution (1.5 equiv) at 0 degrees C for 2 h gave rise to the corresponding protected amino nitrile (R = c-Hex) in 89% yield with 95% ee. A wide range of aliphatic aldimines, including those having alpha-tert-alkyl substituents, is tolerated by the present system. This study represents a novel approach for the asymmetric Strecker-type reactions, which utilizes chiral phase-transfer catalysts for practical access to various unusual, optically pure alpha-amino acids.     

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Antifungal Activities of 3-Methyl-l-（4-methylphenyl）-4- （N-4-trifluoromethylphenyl）-aminomethyl- 5-（4-methoxyphenylthio）-lH-pyrazole

The title compound 3-methyl-l-（4-methylphenyl）-4-（N-4-trifluoromethylphenyl） aminomethyl-5-（4-methoxyphenylthio）-lH-pyrazole has been synthesized via a four-step reaction and characterized by IR, 1H NMR, elemental analysis and X-ray crystallography. The compound crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 8.7170（15）, b = 18.355（3）, c = 15.292（3） A, fl = 103.445（3）°, V= 2379.7（7） A3, Dc = 1.350 g/cm3, Z = 4, p = 0.184, F（000） = 1008, and the final R = 0.0491 and wR = 0.1339 for 4160 observed reflections （I 〉 2a（/））. The results demonstrate that there is a face-to-face π-π stacking interaction between one benzene ring （C（19）-C（24）） and another （C（I 3）-C（! 8）） at a plane-plane distance of 3.3539 A. The ring normal and vector between the ring centroids form an angle of 18.2° up to the centroid-to-centroid distance of 3.5273 A. The crystal structure is stabilized by the intermolecular hydrogen bond of N（3）-H（3A）...N（2） （symmetry code： A -x＋l, -y＋l, -z）. The preliminary biological test shows that the title compound has a moderate antifungal activity.     

Asymmetric synthesis of pipecolic acid derivatives using the aza-Diels-Alder reaction

Imines of the type R---N=CHCO₂Et can be coerced into undergoing a (4+2) cycloaddition with substituted dienes if the reaction is carried out in DMF in the presence of both water and acid: these reactions show extremely high regio- and diastereoselectivity. Use of the 1-phenylethyl group as a chiral auxiliary leads to moderate asymmetric induction (typical d.e. ca. 70%); moreover, the diastereoisomers are surprisingly easy to separate, giving a short general route to optically pure substituted pipecolic acid derivatives.     

New approaches to the asymmetric synthesis of non-proteinogenic α-amino acids and dipeptides through chiral β-lactam intermediates

Novel and effective routes to optically pure aromatic α-amino acids, α-methyl-α-amino acids and their derivatives including dipeptides are developed via homochiral β-lactams which are obtained through asymmetric [2+2] cycloadditions of ketenes to imines.     

Synthesis and crystal structure of a novel chiral compound prepared from (-)-borneol as a natural chiral auxiliary

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Two 3-D Neutral Zn(Ⅱ)-MOFs Generated from the Asymmetric Schiff-base Ligand

Two new Zn(Ⅱ)-MOFs were synthesized based on an asymmetric Schiff-base ligand LH, which is obtained by the condensation of 5-formyl-8-hydroxyquinoline and 3-pyridinecarboxylic acid hydrazide. In different mixed solvents, we get two new isomorphism compounds, [Zn(L)2]·C4H8O2·2MeOH(1) and [Zn(L)2]·CH2Cl2·2MeOH(2). Compounds 1 and 2 have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis and IR. Compound 1 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21/c, with a = 13.856(4), b = 14.156(4), c = 9.620(3) , β = 110.167(5)°, V = 1771.3(9) 3, Dc = 1.500 g/cm3, C38H38N8O8 Zn, Mr = 800.13, F(000) = 832, μ(MoKα) = 0.761 mm-1, Z = 2, the final R = 0.0596 and wR = 0.1221 for 2112 observed reflections(I 2σ(I)). Compound 2 belongs to monoclinic, space group P21/c, with a = 13.575(3), b = 14.130(3), c = 9.485(2) , β = 107.908(3)°, V = 1731.2(6) 3, Dc = 1.529 g/cm3, C35H32Cl2N8O6 Zn, Mr = 796.96, F(000) = 820, μ(MoKα) = 0.926 mm-1, Z = 2, the final R = 0.0527 and wR = 0.1395 for 2501 observed reflections(I 2σ(I)). The Zn(Ⅱ) centers in both 1 and 2 display a distorted octahedral coordination geometry. The octahedral Zn(Ⅱ) nodes and L linkages build up 2-D nets consisting of parallelogram-like grids in the ab plane. The neighboring nets stack through hydrogen bonds to generate 3-D rhombic channels. In 1, the 1,4-dioxane and MeOH guests alternatively arrange in the channels and effectively take up the free space; while in 2, the CH2Cl2 guests are arranged in the channels. In addition, the encapsulated MeOH molecules are bonded to the framework by hydrogen bonds.     

An asymmetric synthesis of cis,anti, cis-tricyclo[5,3,0,02,6]decanes applying γ-hydroxymethyl-γ-butyrolactone as a chiral synthon. First asymmetric total synthesis of (−)-β-bourbonene

The asymmetric total synthesis of cis, anti, cis-tricyclo[5,3,0,0^2,6]decane sesquiterpene β-bourbonene is described. The key (2+2) photocycloaddition was carried out applying the optically pure butenolide derivative $\text{6b}$ as a chiral synthon.     

手性二环[3.3.0]辛-3-烯类化合物的合成

研究了5-(1-孟氧基)-3-溴-2(5H)-呋喃酮新手性源(1)与某些碳亲核试剂发生的串联不对称Michael加成/分子内亲核取代反应,反应中生成2个新的手性中心得到一般方法难以合成的光学纳二环[3.3.0]辛-3-烯类化合物.通过[α]、IR、UV、¹HNMR、¹³CNMR、MS、元素分析以及X射线四圆衍射等方法确定了手性二环[3.3.0]辛-3-稀类化合物化学结构和绝对构型.     

过渡金属催化的不对称氢化反应的国内研究进展

手性过渡金属催化剂催化的不对称氢化反应是制备光学纯手性氨基酸、手性醇、手性胺和手性酸等手性化合物的重要手段和途径.本文主要概括了近20年内中国科学家在手性膦配体及其过渡金属催化剂的设计合成及不对称催化氢化新反应两方面的研究进展,并展望了该领域的发展前景.     

Asymmetric synthesis of 4,4-disubstituted 2-cyclopentenones from optically active 1-chlorovinyl p-tolyl sulfoxides and cyanomethyllithium with formation of a quaternary chiral center

Treatment of optically active 1-chlorovinyl p-tolyl sulfoxides having two different substituents at the 2-position, which were synthesized from unsymmetrical ketones and (R)-(−)-chloromethyl p-tolyl sulfoxide in three steps, with cyanomethyllithium gave optically active 2-amino-1-cyano-5,5-disubstituted-1,3-cyclopentadienes with very high asymmetric induction from the sulfoxide chiral center. The products were converted to the enantiomerically pure 4,4-disubstituted 2-cyclopentenones by heating with phosphoric acid in acetic acid.     

Asymmetric synthesis of unusual fused tricyclic beta-lactam structures via aza-cycloadditions/ring closing metathesis

Conveniently substituted bis-beta-lactams, pyrrolidinyl-beta-lactams, and piperidinyl-beta-lactams undergo ring-closing methatesis using Grubbs' carbene, Cl(2)(Cy(3)P)(2)Ru=CHPh, to give medium-sized rings fused to bis-2-azetidinone, pyrrolidinyl-2-azetidinone, or piperidinyl-2-azetidinone systems. The diolefinic cyclization precursors can be obtained from optically pure 4-oxoazetidine-2-carbaldehydes bearing an extra alkene tether at position 1 or 3 of the beta-lactam ring via [2 + 2] cycloaddition of imino 2-azetidinones, N-metalated azometine ylide [3 + 2] cycloaddition, and subsequent N-acylation of the pyrrolidinyl nitrogen atom, or through aza-Diels-Alder cycloaddition of 2-azetidinone-tethered imines. Under standard reaction conditions, the combination of cycloaddition reactions of 2-azetidinone-tethered imines with ring-closing methatesis offers an asymmetric entry to a variety of unusual fused tricyclic 2-azetidinones bearing two bridgehead nitrogen atoms.     

Asymmetric synthesis of ephedrine analogs

Addition of nitromethane to the chiral chromium tricarbonyl complex of o-tolualdehyde (1) gives, under conditions of kinetic control, the nitroalcohol 2 with 95% of asymmetric induction. Compound 2 then gives, in 3 steps, the corresponding aminoalcohol in about 40% yield. Use of nitroethane gives the nitroalcohol with a small diastereoselectivity at C(2)-C(3) (d.e. = 30 and 55%), but analogs of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine can be obtained optically pure by chromatography.     

Chiral phosphorus ligands for the asymmetric conjugate addition of organocopper reagents

The asymmetric conjugate addition of medium order alkyl cuprate reagents. R₅Cu₃Li₂, to 2-cyclohexen-1-one. 2-cyclopenten-1-one and 2-cyctohepten-1-one, with the help of phosphorus ligand B^*, is described. 3-Alkyl substituted cyclohexanones are obtained in essentially optically pure form. The same chiral ligand, associated with CuI, in catalylic amount (10%), allows the asymmetric conjugate addition of Et₂Zn to 2-cyclohexen-1-one.     

Aromatic Amide‐Derived Non‐Biaryl Atropisomers as Highly Efficient Ligands in Silver‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Cycloaddition Reactions

The synthesis of a series of aromatic amide‐derived non‐biaryl atropisomers with a phosphine group and multiple stereogenic centers is reported. The novel phosphine ligands exhibit high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities (up to >99:1 d.r., 95–99 % ee) as well as yields in the silver‐catalyzed asymmetric [3+2] cycloaddition of aldiminoesters with nitroalkenes, which provides a highly enantioselective strategy for the synthesis of optically pure nitro‐substituted pyrrolidines. In addition, the experimental results with regard to the carbon stereogenic center as well as the amide stereochemistry confirmed the potential of hemilabile atropisomers as chiral ligand in catalytic asymmetric [3+2] cycloaddition reaction.     

The sign of the spin-orbit coupling constant in (t2) t2 states of mx4 ions

It is shown that the sign of the spin-orbit coupling constant in ²T₂ states of MX⁺₄ molecular ions (M = C, Si, Ge; X = F, Cl, Br, I) arising from the (t₂)⁵ electron configuration can be positive, negative or even zero. Predominantly, the sign depends on the orientation of the p-orbitals on the four halogen atoms with respect to the M-X bonds. Experimentally observed splittings show that it is incorrect to describe the two highest t2 valence orbitals of MX₄ as pure pπ non-bonding and pure pσ bonding, since both exhibit pσ/pπ mixing. This is confirmed by semi-empirical SCF MNDO molecular-orbital calculations.     

Enantioselective Copper‐Catalyzed Azide–Alkyne Click Cycloaddition to Desymmetrization of Maleimide‐Based Bis(alkynes)

A copper catalyst system derived from TaoPhos and CuF₂ was used successfully for catalytic asymmetric Huisgen [3+2] cycloaddition of azides and alkynes to give optically pure products containing succinimide‐ and triazole‐substituted quaternary carbon stereogenic centers. The desired products were obtained in good yields (60–80 %) and 85:15 to >99:1 enantiomeric ratio (e.r.) in this click cycloaddition reaction.     

手性4-膦酸二酯基-3-卤-2(5H)-呋喃酮的合成与结构

手性呋喃酮1a-1b与亚磷酸三酯2a-2b通过串联的不对称Michael加成/分子内Michalis-Arbazov重排反应,得到了含磷官能团的新手性化合物,5-(S)-(l-孟氧基)-4-膦酸二酯基-3-卤素-2(5H)-呋喃酮4a-4d。该反应具有条件温和,产率高(86%-95%),光学纯度单一(d.e.≥98%)的特点。通过元素分析,IR,UV,^1HNMR,^1^3CNMR,MS,[α]~D^2^0波谱分析数据以及X射线四圆衍射数据确定了它们的化学结构和绝对构型。     

Asymmetric total synthesis of stoechospermol using intramolecular (2+2) photocycloaddition reaction

The first asymmetric total synthesis of stoechospermol, a representative spatane diterpene having $\text{cis}$, $\text{anti}$, $\text{cis}$-tricyclo[5.3.0.0^2,6]decane ring system, was achieved. Using the intramolecular asymmetric (2+2) photocycloaddition reaction of the diastereomeric ester 11, the readily available butenolide 9 was transformed into the optically active dilactone 12a and 12b. Subsequent construction of tricyclic carbon ring system and introduction of substituents in a right stereochemistry gave rise to optically pure stoechospermol 1.