“蒸汽相转化”法制备纳米晶组成的块状方钠石多级孔沸石催化材料

将实验室合成的聚苯乙烯乳胶微球(PS)加入制备方钠石(SOD)沸石的前驱体凝胶中,在45℃条件下制得干凝胶,随后采用"蒸汽相转化"法制备了大块状SOD沸石材料。对影响多级SOD沸石形成因素进行了详细讨论。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、N_2吸附-脱附和压汞技术等表征手段对制备的材料进行了详细表征。结果表明通过"蒸汽相转化"法制备的大块状SOD沸石由球状多晶聚集体构成,这些球状多晶聚集体又是由粒径为50~100 nm的初级纳米晶粒组成,在初级纳米晶粒上和纳米晶粒之间形成了2~50 nm介孔结构以及由脱除PS微球形成的50~300 nm的大孔结构。     

蒸汽相转化法原位诱导沸石化制备Y-ZSM-5双沸石复合物

针对Y型沸石在ZSM-5沸石干胶制备及晶化过程中易于溶解、坍塌的问题,采用葡萄糖在水热处理条件下对Y沸石进行包膜处理,提高了Y沸石在高温、高碱度环境中的稳定性,并采用蒸汽相转化法制备了同时含有Y和ZSM-5的双沸石复合物。对影响沸石复合物形成的因素如Y沸石表面碳包膜改性、凝胶碱度、晶化时间等进行了详细讨论。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅立叶变换红外（FT-IR）、N₂吸附-脱附,能谱（EDS）以及NH₃-TPD等手段对制备的材料进行了表征。结果表明通过蒸汽相转化法能获得Y和ZSM-5两相共存的双沸石复合物,产物中的ZSM-5沸石相前驱体随蒸汽处理时间的延长逐渐从蠕虫状无定型向纳米多晶ZSM-5沸石转变,纳米多晶聚集体与Y型沸石晶粒之间紧密相连,相互包埋。在异丙苯催化裂化反应中,合成的沸石复合物的活性和稳定性介于Y和ZSM-5之间,优于对应的机械混合物。     

蒸汽相转化法原位诱导沸石化制备Y-ZSM-5双沸石复合物

针对Y型沸石在ZSM-5沸石干胶制备及晶化过程中易于溶解、坍塌的问题,采用葡萄糖在水热处理条件下对Y沸石进行包膜处理,提高了Y沸石在高温、高碱度环境中的稳定性,并采用蒸汽相转化法制备了同时含有Y和ZSM-5的双沸石复合物。对影响沸石复合物形成的因素如Y沸石表面碳包膜改性、凝胶碱度、晶化时间等进行了详细讨论。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅立叶变换红外(FT-IR)、N2吸附-脱附,能谱(EDS)以及NH3-TPD等手段对制备的材料进行了表征。结果表明通过蒸汽相转化法能获得Y和ZSM-5两相共存的双沸石复合物,产物中的ZSM-5沸石相前驱体随蒸汽处理时间的延长逐渐从蠕虫状无定型向纳米多晶ZSM-5沸石转变,纳米多晶聚集体与Y型沸石晶粒之间紧密相连,相互包埋。在异丙苯催化裂化反应中,合成的沸石复合物的活性和稳定性介于Y和ZSM-5之间,优于对应的机械混合物。     

分级微纳结构TiO2空心球的制备及其在DSSC中的应用

以钛酸四丁酯为钛源,无水乙醇为溶剂,通过碳球模板法制备出直径为200nm、壳厚20～25nm的TiO2空心球（HS）.通过X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和N2吸附脱附等对产物的形貌、晶相组成、孔结构和紫外-可见光谱性质进行了表征,结果显示所制备的锐钛矿相TiO2空心微球是由初级结构纳米级TiO2晶粒构成的.将这种TiO2空心球应用于染料敏化太阳电池（DSSC）领域可以提高光阳极对光的散射.通过制备P25/HS-TiO2双层膜电极,相比单纯的P25纳米晶电极（Jsc=13.5mAcm？2,Voc=0.653V,FF=0.53,η=4.95%）可以得到更高的光电转化效率（Jsc=15.79mAcm？2,Voc=0.653V,FF=0.55,η=6.66%）.     

聚苯乙烯/银纳米粒子复合微球的合成及催化性能

首先通过乳液聚合和浓硫酸酸化制备表面富含磺酸根的磺化聚苯乙烯(PS)微球(直径532 nm),再用其静电吸附[Ag(NH_3)_2]~+离子,最后采用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮还原表面吸附的[Ag(NH_3)_2]~+离子,得到了负载银纳米粒子的PS/AgNPs复合微球.采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、紫外-可见光谱、红外光谱和X射线衍射表征了PS/AgNPs复合微球,并考察了其对甲基蓝(MB)的催化性能.结果表明,Ag纳米粒子高度分散在磺化PS微球表面;该PS/AgNPs复合微球对催化转化MB有较高的催化活性,并可多次重复利用.本研究在催化降解有机污染物方面有一定的实用价值.     

纳米晶粒TiO2多孔微球的合成与表征

 钛酸四丁酯经酸性水解得到TiO2溶胶，将溶胶与苯酚混合后加入到正庚烷分散介质中，再滴加甲醛水溶液，通过反相悬浮聚合和溶胶－凝胶过程制备了聚合物与TiO2的复合微球．对复合微球进行焙烧处理，使聚合物分解，从而得到由纳米TiO2晶粒组成的多孔微球．以示差扫描量热法、热重分析、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和氮吸附等方法对TiO2多孔微球的物理性质进行了表征．结果表明，所得TiO2多孔微球主要由锐钛型TiO2纳米晶粒组成，晶粒尺寸为20～30nm；TiO2多孔微球的直径为200～500μm，比表面积为87．40m2／g，平均孔径为8．65nm，孔径的分布具有单分散特征．     

中空纳米二氧化硅微球的制备及表征

本文介绍了一种制备中空纳米二氧化硅微球的新方法。利用模板首先合成介孔纳米二氧化硅微球,再用水热反应法,成功制备了非功能化和巯基、氨基功能化中空纳米二氧化硅微球。利用透射电子显微镜,热重分析等手段对其形貌进行了表征。另外,对中空介孔纳米二氧化硅微球的形成机制进行了探讨。     

贯通孔道网络结构大孔Al2O3催化材料的制备

采用模板法制备了具有贯通孔道网络结构的大孔Al2O3催化材料. 为确保模板材料的体积分数低于74%时Al2O3孔道的贯通, 设计并实现了模板聚苯乙烯(PS)微球先胶凝再与催化材料Al2O3纳米颗粒复合的制备路线. 通过PS微球悬浮液的流变性表征凝胶状态的形成. 实验结果表明, 加入适当浓度的硝酸铝溶液后PS微球悬浮液出现了由溶胶向凝胶的转变. 通过扫描电镜对大孔Al2O3催化材料的孔道结构进行表征, 结果表明, 与有序大孔材料相比大孔催化材料中孔配位数有所降低, 骨架厚度提高且具有贯通的孔道网络结构. 大孔结构抗压强度实验表明, 随着模板PS微球质量分数的降低, 机械强度明显提高.     

微乳液法合成沸石/介孔二氧化硅复合微球

利用简单微乳液自组装体系, 制备了介孔二氧化硅与Y型或Ti-MWW沸石晶体复合形成的沸石/介孔二氧化硅微球(ZMMS). 硅源正硅酸四丁酯与阳离子型季铵盐表面活性剂形成稳定的O/W微乳液形成大颗粒, 沸石颗粒由于疏水作用而进入油相, 同时, 季铵盐表面活性剂和正硅酸四丁酯组装形成介孔材料. 优化合成条件可以有效控制复合微球的沸石/介孔二氧化硅质量比(0～2.3)和直径(186～965 μm). 两种沸石/介孔二氧化硅复合微球材料的介孔孔径分别为3.98 nm(Y型沸石)和3.75 nm (Ti-MWW型沸石). Ti-MWW沸石/介孔二氧化硅复合微球在液相催化环氧化反应中表现出良好的机械强度, 并且能够达到与Ti-MWW沸石原粉相当的催化活性.     

颗粒模板法制备大孔Al2O3材料

采用颗粒模板法制备了大孔氧化铝(Al2O3)材料. 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)结果显示, 大孔Al2O3结构中的大孔呈“囊泡状”且孔道的贯通性较差. Zeta电位测量表明, 共沉积条件下聚苯乙烯(PS)和Al2O3两种胶体颗粒带有相反的电荷, 在静电引力作用下先发生了吸附, 再沉积在一起. 吸附在PS微球表面的Al2O3纳米颗粒形成的吸附层是导致大孔呈“囊泡状”和孔道不贯通的主要原因. 采用聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(PD)溶液对PS胶体微球带电性质进行了改性, PS微球的Zeta电位由−44.36 mV变成了+37.41 mV, 进而消除了沉积过程中二元颗粒间的吸附现象. 扫描电子显微镜显示, 大孔样品中“囊泡状”大孔消失, 同时孔道贯通性得到改善.     

Hydrothermal synthesis and photocatalytic property of porous CuO hollow microspheres via PS latex as templates

Porous copper oxide (CuO) hollow microspheres have been fabricated through a simple hydrothermal method using PS latex as templates. The as-obtained samples were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The influences of the mole ratio of Ethylenediamine (C₂H₈N₂) and copper acetate (Cu(Ac)₂·H₂O), hydrothermal temperature and time on the size and morphologies of the final products have been investigated. The possible formation mechanism of porous CuO hollow microspheres has been proposed and the specific surface area of the hollow microspheres with 81.71 m²/g is measured by BET method. The band gap value calculated from a UV–vis absorption spectrum of porous CuO hollow microspheres is 2.71 eV. The as-synthesized product exhibits high photocatalytic activity during the photodegradation of an organic dyestuff, rhodamine B (RhB), under UV-light illumination.     

分级多孔结构ZnO微球的制备及其光电性能

采用简单的低温化学溶液沉积方法制备了分级多孔ZnO微球。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、N2吸附脱附以及紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)等对样品进行了表征。结果显示产物为分级多孔结构的ZnO微球,由直径约10~20 nm ZnO颗粒组装而成,比表面积为40 m2.g-1。把多孔ZnO微球用作染料敏化太阳能电池(DSCs)光阳极,结果表明,该光阳极在增强对入射光的散射作用的同时,为染料分子的吸附提供了较大比表面积,从而提高了DSCs的光伏性能。     

Rapid Synthesis of Monodisperse Polystyrene Microspheres and Self-Assembly of Colloidal Crystals on Mica

Polystyrene (PS) colloidal particles were prepared in aqueous solution by a quick emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization (EFEP) method. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images indicate that the as-synthesized particles have good sphericity and uniform size (dispersion coefficient C_v is less than 5%). The monodisperse PS microspheres with different diameter were obtained easily by varying the monomer concentration. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) images show that the PS microspheres were self-assembled into three-dimensional ordered structure on micas by dropping-casting method. The self-assembly method is simple and quick. Based on the experimental results, a possible self-assembly mechanism was proposed.     

Fabrication of polystyrene–PbS core-shell and hollow PbS microspheres with sulfonated polystyrene templates

Uniform inorganic- (PbS) coated polymer core-shell and hollow PbS microspheres were prepared by an easy and economical approach. Monodisperse polystyrene (PS) microspheres were used as templates, as well as the core of the composite spheres; lead sulfide shells were obtained through the reaction of lead acetate (Pb(CH₃COO)₂) and thioacetamide (TAA) at room temperature. The morphologies and structures of the as-synthesized products were systematically characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). The fluorescence property of the as-synthesized product was also investigated. A reasonable mechanism for the formation of PS–PbS core-shell and hollow PbS microspheres was discussed. According to a series of parallel experiments, effects of related experimental parameters were also carefully investigated, such as the molar ratio of Pb(CH₃COO)₂ to TAA, reaction temperature, etc.     

核壳结构PS/CeO2复合微球的制备及其在化学机械抛光中的应用

以原位化学沉淀的方法制备了不同粒径、包覆结构PS(核)/CeO2(壳)复合微球,利用X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、选区电子衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析仪、Fourier转换红外光谱仪、热失重分析仪和ζ电位测定仪等手段对所制备样品的微观结构进行了表征。将所制备的复合微球用做磨料,考察其对二氧化硅介质层的抛光性能,用原子力显微镜观察和测量抛光表面的微观形貌、轮廓曲线和粗糙度。结果表明,所制备的PS/CeO2复合微球具有核壳包覆结构,粒径分别约为140,180和220 nm,PS内核被粒径约为5 nm的CeO2颗粒均匀包覆。AFM结果显示,复合磨料的粒径越小,抛光后表面粗糙度越低;且酸性(pH=3)比碱性(pH=10)抛光浆料具有更好的抛光效果。     

Porous α-Fe2O3 hollow microspheres and their application for acetone sensor

Porous α-Fe₂O₃ hollow microspheres were synthesized through a simple and efficient carbon sphere template method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and N₂ adsorption-desorption. Structural characterization indicated that as-prepared α-Fe₂O₃ hollow microspheres had porous structure with around 200 nm in diameter and thin shell about 10 nm thick. The average pore size and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area of α-Fe₂O₃ hollow microspheres were 6.5 nm and 111.6 m²/g, respectively. The gas sensing behavior investigation showed that as-synthesized α-Fe₂O₃ hollow microspheres exhibited very good gas sensing property to acetone vapor.     

锂离子电池负极材料ZnMn2O4微米空心球的制备和电化学性能

通过溶剂热方法合成了ZnMn2O4微米空心球,并探讨了其形成机理。采用XRD,SEM,TEM等测试手段对产物的结构、形貌和组成进行了表征。实验结果表明,溶剂热反应条件如反应温度、反应介质对于产物的结构和形貌起着关键作用。在140℃,采用乙醇和水作为反应介质,反应6 h可以制备出直径约3μm的ZnMn2O4微米空心球;当以乙醇为溶剂,反应6 h可以得到团聚的尺寸约250 nm的ZnMn2O4纳米颗粒。将所制备的ZnMn2O4微米空心球/纳米颗粒组装成锂扣式模拟电池,考察其电化学脱嵌锂性能。电化学测试结果显示,与ZnMn2O4纳米颗粒相比,空心结构的ZnMn2O4微米球具有较高的初始放电容量(1335 mAh·g-1)和较好的倍率性能,有望作为锂离子电池的新型负极材料。     

Synthesis and gas sensitivities of SnO2 nanorods and hollow microspheres

SnO₂ urchin-like structures composed of nanorods with diameters of 10-15 nm and lengths of 50-70 nm have been hydrothermally synthesized via a H₂O₂-assisted route without any surfactant, using SnCl₂ as raw material. With the addition of methenamine (HMT), SnO₂ hollow microspheres with diameters of 2-3 μm and shell thickness of 60-140 nm were also prepared. The as-obtained products were examined using diverse techniques including X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), high-resolution TEM and photoluminescence spectra. The gas sensitivity experiments have demonstrated that the as-synthesized SnO₂ materials exhibit good sensitivity to alcohol vapors, which may offer potential applications in gas sensors.     

含铁微孔EU-1/ZSM-5复合分子筛的合成和表征

采用预置晶种法合成了含铁的微孔EU-1/ZSM-5复合分子筛,并采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重-微分热重(TG-DTG)、N₂吸附-脱附、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-vis DRS)、X射线吸收精细结构(XAFS)等手段进行了表征。结果表明,复合分子筛具有EU-1和ZSM-5的特征衍射峰,是两种晶相相互作用的分子分散晶相材料,微孔孔径较Fe-EU-1分子筛有所增大。随原始溶胶中铁的质量分数增加,复合分子筛具有的23.09°和23.94°处的特征衍射峰逐渐向低角度方向偏移;紫外-可见漫反射谱图中在220~245 nm出现了宽的吸收谱带;XAFS表征表明,1s→3d电子跃迁的弱吸收峰逐渐增强,同时在吸收边顶部出现的1s→4p吸收峰逐渐由宽变窄。合成工艺的最佳条件为,原始溶胶中铁的质量分数为0.075%~0.15%,晶种添加比例为15.0%~21.0%,晶种SiO₂/Al₂O₃物质的量比为50~60。