Er3+/Yb3+共掺LiNbO3晶体中Er3+的光谱特性分析

在室温下,测量了采用Czochralski方法生长的as-grown和经退火处理的Z切Er^3＋／Yb^3＋共掺同成分LiNbO3晶体的α偏振吸收光谱（300-1650nm）。运用Judd—Ofelt理论对该晶体中Er^3＋的光谱特性进行了分析。由所测得的吸收系数的积分计算得到了从基态到激发态的若干个主要的电子跃迁强度实验值。利用最小二乘法确定出Er^3＋／Yb^3＋共掺LiNbO3晶体中Er^3＋的Judd-Ofelt参数。进而确定了自发辐射概率,从激发态能级到其各个下能级的荧光分支比以及能级辐射寿命。此外,还讨论了Yb^3＋的共掺和退火处理对LiNbO3晶体中Er^3＋光谱特性的影响。     

Structural and optical characterization of Er3+/Yb3+-doped LiNbO3

We report the dependence of the unit-cell parameters and the extraordinary and ordinary refractive indices of Er³⁺/Yb³⁺-codoped LiNbO₃ crystals. Both properties depend in a non-monotonic manner on the Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ content. A singularity was observed at concentrations of 1.1-1.2 mol. % in the crystal (0.6-0.7 mol. % in the melt). In the same way the Er and Yb concentration influences the periodically poled lithium niobate formation. The observed behavior of refractive indices and unit-cell parameters of Er³⁺/Yb³⁺-codoped LiNbO₃ crystals could be explained in terms of the RE³⁺-ion concentration affecting the Li-vacancy concentration and the RE³⁺-ion positions in the crystal. Received: 21 May 2001 / Revised version: 22 August 2001 / Published online: 23 October 2001     

An all-fiber type Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+) co-doped fiber laser

In this paper, a distributed Bragg reflection (DBR) type Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+) co-doped fiber laser of high output power and high slope efficiency was developed. Its gain medium was a 4.45-m-long Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped fiber. When it was pumped by a 1064-nm Nd:YAG, the linewidth of output laser was measured as 0.072 nm by 3 dB and 0.192 nm by 25 dB at 1552.08 nm. The maximum output power was measured as 69 mW. Its power stability was < 5%, side mode suppression ratio was 59 dB, and the output wavelength stability was ±0.01 nm. The laser had a threshold of 12 mW and a slope efficiency of 22%.     

Er3+/Yb3+ codoped phosphate glass laser end-pumped by laser diode

An Er3+/yb3+ phosphate laser glass was fabricated and characterized. According to McCumber theory, the stimulated emission cross-section of Er3+ ions at 1533 nm calculated by absorption spectrum was 0.84 × 10-20 cm2, and the fluorescence lifetime of 4I13/2 level was 8.5 ms. Continuous wave (CW) laser operation of this Er3+/Yb3+ phosphate glass pumped by laser diode (LD) was demonstrated at room temperature. The maximum output power of 80 mW and slope efficiency of 16.5% were obtained.     

Yb3+/Er3+-Codoped Tungsten-Tellurite Glasses for Broadband Optical Amplifier

Emission spectra and fluorescence lifetime of Er3+ in Yb3+/Er3+-codoped tungsten-tellurite glasses were measured. Effects of Yb3+ concentration on 1.5μm emission intensity and bandwidth of Er3+ were investigated and a FWHM of 81nm was demonstrated.     

铒镱共掺光波导激光器的稳态特性

从光波导激光器的工作理论出发,研究了铒镱共掺磷酸盐波导激光器的稳态特性。利用重叠因子简化了980 nm光抽运的铒镱共掺波导激光器四能级模型的速率-传输方程;在忽略自发辐射的情况下,利用数值模拟的方法,得到了铒镱共掺波导激光器的输出与Er³⁺/Yb³⁺离子浓度、泵浦功率、波导长度等参量之间的关系曲线。理论分析结果表明,选择合适的铒镱离子浓度是制作铒镱共掺波导激光器的关键。采用980 nm波长的泵浦光,泵浦功率为80 mW,Er³⁺浓度取20×10²⁶/m³左右,Yb³⁺/Er³⁺浓度比为7~10,波导长度为20 cm左右时,可以得到最大输出光功率。     

Optical spectroscopy of Er:YSGG laser crystal

Er:YSGG single crystals with good optical quality were grown by Czochralski method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements show that the crystal lattice parameters of the 30 at.% Er³⁺-doped YSGG crystal were a=b=c=12.4640±0.0065 Å, α=β=γ=90°. The doping concentration of Er³⁺ in YSGG was calculated. The absorption spectrum and photoluminescence spectra of Er:YSGG crystal were studied at room temperature. Based on Judd-Ofelt (J-O) theory, the J-O intensity parameters Ω_t (t=2, 4, 6), the experimental and theoretical oscillator strengths were calculated using the absorption spectrum. The intensity parameters Ω_t (t=2,4,6) obtained to be Ω₂=0.23×10⁻²⁰ cm², Ω₄=0.86×10⁻²⁰ cm², Ω₆=0.37×10⁻²⁰ cm², respectively. With these intensity parameters, the line strengths, oscillator strengths, transition probabilities, fluorescence branching ratios and radiation lifetimes were calculated. The photoluminescence spectra and excitation spectrum of Er:YSGG were measured and studied.     

Er3+及Er3+/Yb3+共掺铋酸盐玻璃光谱性质研究

制备了Ed3+及Ed3+/Yb3+共掺铋酸盐玻璃,测试了样品的吸收光谱、荧光光谱.应用Judd-Oflet理论计算了Er3+在铋酸盐玻璃中的光谱强度参数,分别为Ω2=(5.47-2.92)×10-20cm2,Ω4=(2.16-1.22)×10-20cm2,Ω6=(1.29-0.80)×10-20cm2.比较了Er3+及Er3+/Yb3+共掺铋酸盐玻璃在980 nm附近的吸收截面和1.5μm的荧光发射光谱强度,Er3+/Yba+共掺铋酸盐玻璃的荧光光谱半高宽达到91 nm,比Er3+单掺铋酸盐玻璃大15 nm.用McCumber理论计算了Ed3+在1.5 μm的受激发射截面σe=1.00×10-20cm2.比较了Ed3+在不同基质中的光谱特性,结果表明铋酸盐玻璃更适合作为掺铒光纤放大器的基质材料.     

Er~(3+)及Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)掺杂ZrO_2-Al_2O_3的制备及发光性质

采用共沉淀法制备了纳米晶ZrO2-Al2O3∶Er3+发光粉体.所制备的粉体室温下具有Er3+离子特征荧光发射,主发射在绿光,其中位于547nm、560nm的绿光最强,并得出稀土离子与基质之间有能量传递.对不同煅烧温度下的样品研究表明:因不同温度下所制得的样品晶相不同.研究了纳米晶ZrO2-Al2O3∶Er3+及ZrO2-Al2O3∶Er3+/Yb3+的上转换发光,并分析了上转换的跃迁机制.发现ZrO2-Al2O3∶Er3+的绿光为双光子过程,而ZrO2-Al2O3∶Er3+、Yb3+的上转换光谱中,红光和绿光也为双光子过程,而极弱的蓝光为三光子过程.讨论了Er3+的浓度猝灭现象.最适宜掺杂浓度的原子分数为2%(Er3+/Zr4+).     

Er~(3+)/Eu~(3+)及Yb~(3+)/Er~(3+)/Eu~(3+)共掺杂硼硅酸盐玻璃的上转换发光分析

采用高温固相烧结法制备了Er3+/Eu3+共掺杂和Yb3+/Er3+/Eu3+共掺杂系列硼硅酸盐玻璃样品。在978 nm半导体激光器抽运下,测量了样品的光致发光谱,分析了上转换机制。结果表明:随着Er3+浓度的增加,Eu3+的595 nm光谱强度增强;Eu3+的692 nm光谱强度随Yb3+浓度增加而增强,并明显强于595 nm光谱。Er3+/Eu3+、Yb3+/Eu3+之间的能量传递和合作上转换等机制导致Eu3+离子上转换发射。     

Photoluminescence of LiNbO3 crystals doped with Er3+ and Yb3+ ions

Results of cooperative phenomena investigations in the impurity subsystem of lithium niobate crystals doped with Er³⁺ and co-doped with Yb³⁺ impurity ions under continuous wave and pulsed excitation at 975 nm and 1064 nm wavelengths are presented. Dependences of some spectroscopic characteristics on the intensity of laser pumping are studied. Based on the pair centers model the analysis of the cooperative luminescence behavior in LiNbO₃:Yb³⁺+Er³⁺ crystals is performed.     

Er3+单掺和Er3+/Yb3+双掺铋硼酸盐玻璃的研究

用高温熔融法制备了Er^3 单掺和Er^3 /Yb^3 双掺铋硼酸盐玻璃样品，测量了上述玻璃样品的吸收光谱，荧光光谱，荧光寿命以及红外透过率。对高浓度掺杂Er^3 的铋硼酸盐玻璃中的浓度猝灭现象作出了解释。分析了Er^3 ／Yb^3 双掺铋硼酸盐玻璃样品中Yb^3 离子对Er^3 离子的敏化过程。研究发现Er^3 ／Yb^3 双掺铋硼酸盐玻璃在1．5～1．6μm波段有宽达81nm的荧光半峰全宽。实验还发现在熔制过程中通入氧气对其荧光寿命和红外透过率都有明显的提高。由于该玻璃材料表现出较好的物化性能。因此该材料可望成为宽带光纤放大器的适宜的基质材料。     

Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)共掺杂磷酸盐微晶玻璃的光谱性质

采用高温熔融法生长了Er3+/Yb3+共掺杂的磷酸盐微晶玻璃,测量了微晶玻璃室温下的吸收光谱。由此吸收谱,根据Judd-O felt理论,计算了Er3+/Yb3+共掺杂磷酸盐微晶玻璃的强度参数、自发辐射几率、荧光分支比等光谱参数,得到了吸收截面曲线,并根据M cCumber理论得到1 540 nm附近的积分发射截面。样品的强度参数为Ω2=6.33×10-20cm2,Ω4=1.41×10-20cm2,Ω6=1.09×10-20cm2。1 540 nm对应的积分发射截面峰值为1.8×10-20cm2。另外,还测量了Er3+/Yb3+共掺杂磷酸盐微晶玻璃在980 nm激发下的上转换光谱,讨论了Er3+/Yb3+共掺杂磷酸盐微晶玻璃的上转换发光和能量传递过程。     

Preparation and characterization of stable aqueous suspensions of up-converting Er3+/Yb3+-doped LiNbO3 nanocrystals

The preparation of LiNbO₃:Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ nanocrystals and their up-conversion properties have been studied. It is demonstrated that polyethyleneimine- (PEI) assisted dispersion procedures allow obtaining stable aqueous LiNbO₃:Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ powder suspensions, with average size particles well below the micron range (100–200 nm) and the isoelectric point of the suspension reaching values well above pH 7. After excitation of Yb³⁺ ions at a wavelength of 980 nm, the suspensions exhibit efficient, and stable, IR-to-visible (green and red) up-conversion properties, easily observed by the naked eye, very similar to those of the starting crystalline bulk material.     

Er3+/Yb3+共掺Gd3Sc2Ga3O12晶体的上转换发光

研究了提拉法生长的Er3+/Yb3+:Gd3Sc2Ga3O12和Er3+:Gd3Sc2Ga3O12晶体在室温下320-1700 nm范围的吸收光谱和500-750 nm范围内的上转换荧光谱,同时对其上转换荧光的可能发生机制、途径以及上转换过程可能对Er3+的2.8 μm波段激光振荡产生的影响进行了分析和讨论.结果表明:Yb3+的敏化显著地增强了晶体在966 nm附近的吸收能力,大幅度加宽了晶体在该处的吸收带宽.在940 nm激光的激发下,Er3+/Yb3+:Gd3Sc2Ga3O12中的上转换荧光强度明显强于Er3+:Gd3Sc2Ga3O12中的上转换荧光强度,表明Yb3+与Er3+之间存在高效率的能量传递,其主要上转换机制可能为Yb3+-Er3+,Er3+-Er3+能量传递.     

Dynamics of the Yb3+ to Er3+ energy transfer in LiNbO3

The energy transfer dynamics between Yb³⁺ and Er³⁺ ions in lithium niobate is investigated after ytterbium-pulsed excitation at 920 nm. The sensitisation of the LiNbO₃:Er³⁺ system with Yb³⁺ ions does not modify the lifetime of the ⁴I_13/2 erbium level (1.5-μm emission), whereas it induces a marked, concentration-dependent change in the lifetime of the ²F_5/2 (Yb³⁺) and ⁴S_3/2 (Er³⁺) multiplets (1060-nm and 550-nm emissions, respectively). The results are analysed by using the rate-equation formalism and cross-relaxation model for the energy transfer. Received: 15 October 1998 / Revised version: 24 November 1998 / Published online: 24 February 1999     

Optical parameters and upconversion fluorescence in Tm3+/Yb3+ codoped tellurite glass

Tm³⁺/Yb³⁺ codoped tellurite glass has been prepared. Density, refractive index, optical absorption, Judd-Ofelt parameters and spontaneous transition probabilities of Tm³⁺ have been measured and calculated, respectively. Intense blue three-photon upconversion fluorescence and S-band (1470 nm) fluorescence were investigated under the excitation of a 980 nm diode laser at room temperature. Judd-Ofelt parameters, strong blue three-photon upcoversion emission of Tm³⁺ in glass indicate that Tm³+/Yb³⁺ codoped tellurite glass is a promising blue color upconversion optical and laser material. In addition, experiment results showed the 980 nm laser was more efficient than 808 nm laser when pumping Tm³⁺/Yb³⁺ codoped tellurite glass, Tm³⁺/Yb³⁺ codoped tellurite glass also could be a promising material for S-band amplification.     

Q-switched mode-locking femtosecond all-fiber laser based on Er3+/Yb3+ codoped phosphate fiber

A Q-switched mode-locking femtosecond all-fiber laser based on a 2 cm long homemade Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ codoped phosphate glass fiber has been reported. By using the nonlinear polarization evolution technique, a nearly 100% modulation depth of mode-locking pulse train is achieved. At a pump power of 410 mW, the energy of each Q-switched envelope, whose width is about 220 μs, is 10 μJ, while the duration of mode-locking pulse within the Q-switched envelope is 318-fs.     

Yb3+敏化的Er3+/Ho3+共掺碲酸盐玻璃的上转换发光研究

用高温熔融法制备了系列Er3+/Yb3+共掺,Ho3+/Yb3+共掺,和Er3+/Yb3+/Ho3+三掺碲酸盐玻璃,在975 nm激光抽运下三种掺杂玻璃中都出现了较强的绿光和红光上转换.研究了Yb3+离子对Er3+和Ho3+离子上转换发光强度的影响以及Yb3+→Er3+,Yb3+→Ho3+能量传递效率.分析了碲酸盐玻璃中Yb3+直接敏化Er3+,Ho3+上转换发光机理.当Er3+和Ho3+浓度较低时,Er3+/Yb3+/Ho3+三掺玻璃的上转换强度随着Yb3+离子浓度的增加而增强,出现的548 nm绿光和660 nm红光主要是由于Er3+:4S3/2→4I15/2,Ho3+:5F4(5S2)→5I8和Er3+:4F9/2→4I15/2,Ho3+:5F5→5I8跃迁共同作用的结果.Er3+/Yb3+/Ho3+三掺碲酸盐玻璃的上转换机理受Er3+/Yb3+之间,Ho3+/Yb3+之间,Er3+/Ho3+之间三者共同相互作用影响,Er3+/Ho3+离子间存在的交叉弛豫过程可增加Ho3+离子在可见光范围的上转换强度.     

Upconversion white-light emission in Ho3+/Yb3+/Tm3+ codoped LiNbO3 polycrystals

Ho³⁺/Yb³⁺/Tm³⁺ codoped LiNbO₃ polycrystals exhibiting upconversion white-light under 980 nm excitation have been successfully fabricated by the high temperature solid-state reaction method. CIE coordinate of the Ho³⁺/Yb³⁺/Tm³⁺/LiNbO₃ polycrystal is (0.34, 0.35), which is very close to the standard equal energy white-light illuminate (0.33, 0.33). Efficient green, red, and blue upconversion emissions have been observed. The luminescent decay dynamics are studied, and rate equations for the blue, green, and red emissions are set up to analyze the upconversion luminescence mechanism. The present results demonstrate that the competition between the linear decay and the upconversion process for the depletion of the intermediate excited states plays an important role in upconversion mechanism. The LiNbO₃ with upconversion white-light will be a promising luminous material.