核壳结构的Co3O4@δ-MnO2/Pt作为锂氧电池高效催化正极

通过简易、可控的水热方法在泡沫镍基体上直接生长了核壳结构的阵列型Co₃O₄@δ-MnO₂/Pt正极。阵列电极有利于电极的润湿、氧气的传输和Li₂O₂的负载。Co₃O₄@δ-MnO₂/Pt正极对氧还原和氧析出反应具有高的催化性能,可促使Li₂O₂依附Co₃O₄@δ-MnO₂/Pt阵列生长,从而保持阵列结构。该生长行为有利于Li₂O₂在充电时分解。以Co₃O₄@δ-MnO₂/Pt为催化正极的锂氧电池显示出高的容量（在电流密度100 mA·g^-1时容量为2 480 mAh·g^-1）,以及长的循环寿命（容量限定在500 mAh·g^-1时,在200 mA·g^-1电流密度下,可循环65次）,该性能超过了使用Co₃O₄或Co₃O₄@δ-MnO₂催化剂的电池。     

二维层状Ti3C2Tx-MXene@VS2用于高性能锂离子电池负极

为探索一种高性能的锂离子电池负极材料,采用酸刻蚀法制备了高导电性、高稳定性的二维层状Ti₃C₂T_x,通过溶剂热法制备了具有高理论比容量的花瓣状VS₂纳米片,再经过简单的液相混合得到了二维层状Ti₃C₂T_x-MXene@VS₂复合物。通过扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、X射线衍射和能谱分析对复合材料的形貌和结构进行了表征,采用循环伏安、恒流充放电、长循环和交流阻抗谱对复合材料的电化学性能进行了研究。结果表明：VS₂纳米片均匀地分布在Ti₃C₂T_x的层间及表面,该复合物具有高的可逆容量(电流密度为0.1A·g^-1时,比容量为610.5mAh·g^-1)、良好的倍率性能(电流密度为2A·g^-1时,比容量为197.1mAh·g^-1)和良好的循环稳定性(电流密度为0.2 A·g^-1时,循环600圈后比容量为874.9 mAh·g^-1;电流密度为2 A·g^-1时,循环1 500圈后比容量为115.9mAh·g^-1)。     

ZnCo2O4纳米颗粒组装的毛线团状的微球用于锂离子电池负极材料

通过液相共沉淀法获得Zn和Co的前驱,经过600℃煅烧处理获得ZnCo₂O₄纳米颗粒组装的毛线团状的微球。电化学测试表明,在0.5 A·g^-1的电流密度下循环200次可逆比容量保持为965 mAh·g^-1;在0.8 A·g^-1的电流密度下循环350次可逆比容量保持为882 mAh·g^-1。倍率性能测试表明在2 A·g^-1的电流密度时可逆比容量为736 mAh·g^-1。     

EDTA辅助合成Li2MnSiO4/C纳米复合锂离子电池正极材料及性能

以乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）为配位剂,采用溶胶凝胶和溶剂热法相结合的方法合成了Li₂MnSiO₄/C纳米复合正极材料。经过EDTA配位的锂锰硅前驱体在氩气中经过700℃煅烧后,产生为颗粒尺寸约为50nm的Li₂MnSiO₄/C纳米复合粉体。在0.1C=33mA·g^-1进行充放电测试时,其首次充电和放电比容量分别为223和140mAh·g^-1,第5次循环放电比容量仍为138mAh·g^-1;电流密度升至0.2C=66mA·g^-1时,在第20次循环的放电比容量仍可稳定在80mAh·g^-1左右。这些结果表明,EDTA的配位作用可抑制杂相的形成,这种分散性相对较好的纳米复合粉体Li₂MnSiO₄正极材料表现出提高的循环稳定性。     

ZnCo2O4纳米颗粒组装的毛线团状的微球用于锂离子电池负极材料

通过液相共沉淀法获得Zn和Co的前驱,经过600℃煅烧处理获得ZnCo₂O₄纳米颗粒组装的毛线团状的微球。电化学测试表明,在0.5 A·g^-1的电流密度下循环200次可逆比容量保持为965 mAh·g^-1;在0.8 A·g^-1的电流密度下循环350次可逆比容量保持为882 mAh·g^-1。倍率性能测试表明在2 A·g^-1的电流密度时可逆比容量为736 mAh·g^-1。     

N掺杂MnO2/碳布复合材料的制备及储锂性能

采用碳布（CC）为柔性基底,通过水热法制备了MnO₂/CC及N掺杂MnO₂/CC无黏结剂负极材料,借助X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、比表面积测试和恒电流充放电对材料进行了结构表征及电化学性能测试。结果表明N掺杂MnO₂/CC具有良好的倍率性能和循环稳定性。在0.1 A·g^-1的电流密度下,其首次充电比容量为948.8 mAh·g^-1,经过不同倍率测试后电流密度恢复至0.1 A·g^-1时仍然保持有907.9 mAh·g^-1的可逆比容量,容量保持率为95.7%。在1 A·g^-1的大电流密度下,其首次充电比容量为640.3 mAh·g^-1,循环100次后仍然保持有529.9 mAh·g^-1的可逆比容量,容量保持率为82.8%,可逆比容量远高于商用MnO₂。     

Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2正极材料的Ga2O3包覆改性及电化学性能

首先采用共沉淀方法制备富锂锰基正极材料Li_1.2Mn_0.54Ni_0.13Co_0.13O₂原始样品(P-LRMO),然后通过简单的湿化学法以及低温煅烧方法对其进行不同含量Ga₂O₃原位包覆。透射电子显微镜(TEM)以及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)结果表明在P-LRMO表面成功合成了Ga₂O₃包覆层。电化学测试结果表明：含有3%Ga₂O₃的改性材料G3-LRMO具有最优的电化学性能,其在0.1C倍率(电流密度为25 mA·g^-1)下首圈充放电比容量可以达到270.1 mAh·g^-1,在5C倍率下容量仍能保持127.4 mAh·g^-1,优于未改性材料的90.7 mAh·g^-1,表现出优异的倍率性能。G3-LRMO在1C倍率下循环200圈后仍有190.7 mAh·g^-1的容量,容量保持率由未改性前的72.9%提升至85.6%,证明Ga₂O₃包覆改性能有效提升富锂锰基材料的循环稳定性。并且,G3-LRMO在1C倍率下循环100圈后,电荷转移阻抗(R_ct)为107.7 Ω,远低于未改性材料的251.5 Ω,表明Ga₂O₃包覆层能提高材料的电子传输速率。     

Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2正极材料的Ga2O3包覆改性及电化学性能

首先采用共沉淀方法制备富锂锰基正极材料 Li_1.2Mn_0.54Ni_0.13Co_0.13O₂原始样品(P-LRMO), 然后通过简单的湿化学法以及低温煅烧方法对其进行不同含量 Ga₂O₃原位包覆。透射电子显微镜(TEM)以及 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)结果表明在 P-LRMO表面成功合成了 Ga₂O₃包覆层。电化学测试结果表明:含有 3 %Ga₂O₃的改性材料 G3-LRMO具有最优的电化学性能, 其在 0.1C倍率(电流密度为 25 mA·g^-1)下首圈充放电比容量可以达到 270.1 mAh·g^-1, 在 5C倍率下容量仍能保持 127.4 mAh·g^-1, 优于未改性材料的 90.7 mAh·g^-1, 表现出优异的倍率性能。G3-LRMO在 1C倍率下循环 200圈后仍有 190.7 mAh·g^-1的容量, 容量保持率由未改性前的 72.9 %提升至 85.6 %, 证明 Ga₂O₃包覆改性能有效提升富锂锰基材料的循环稳定性。并且, G3-LRMO在 1C倍率下循环 100圈后, 电荷转移阻抗(R_ct)为 107.7 Ω, 远低于未改性材料的 251.5 Ω, 表明 Ga₂O₃包覆层能提高材料的电子传输速率。     

Fe2O3纳米粒子的配位聚合物固相热解制备及其储锂性能

以1,4-苯二甲酸为配体,FeCl₃为金属盐,采用溶剂热法合成了苯二甲酸-铁配位聚合物晶体。以其为前驱体,通过固相热解制备了尺寸均一的α-Fe₂O₃纳米粒子。利用XRD、FT-IR、SEM及TEM等手段对配位聚合物及其热解产物进行了表征。将α-Fe₂O₃纳米粒子用作锂离子电池负极材料,电化学测试结果表明:在0.1A·g^-1电流密度下充放电50次后,材料的可逆比容量仍保持在530mAh·g^-1,表现出较高的比容量和优异的循环稳定性。     

MoO3纳米带/RGO复合材料的制备及其电化学性能研究

以水杨酸为模板剂和还原剂,采用水热法制备得到了一种MoO₃纳米带/RGO复合材料。利用XRD、SEM、TEM、拉曼光谱、恒流充放电、交流阻抗等手段对样品的结构、形貌以及电化学性能进行表征。测试结果表明,MoO₃纳米带/RGO复合材料作为锂离子电池负极材料,在50mA·g^-1的电流密度下可逆比容量为1000mAh·g^-1,循环50次后比容量还保持在950mAh·g^-1,相比于MoO₃纳米带其容量保持能力和循环性能得到了显著改善。     

Li_(1.3)Ti_(1.7)Al_(0.3)(PO_4)_3,Na_(1.3)Ti_(1.7)Al_(0.3)(PO_4)_3的离子交换研究

研究了在不同温度下的NaNO3和AgNO3水溶液中Li1.3Ti1.7Al0.3(PO4)3和Na1.3Ti1.7Al0.3(PO4)3离子交换行为.实验表明Li1.3Ti1.7Al0.3(PO4)3和Na1.3Ti1.7Al0.3(PO4)3均显示出了高选择性与Na+和Ag+进行离子交换的特征,且对Ag+的选择性高于Na+.升高温度可显著提高Ag/Li和Ag/Na的交换反应速度.     

Crystal growth, structure determination, and optical properties of new potassium-rare-earth silicates K3RESi2O7 (RE=Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu)

Single crystals of K₃RESi₂O₇ (RE=Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) were grown from a potassium fluoride flux. Two different structure types were found for this series. Silicates containing the larger rare earths, RE=Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb crystallize in a structure K₃RESi₂O₇ that contains the rare-earth cation in both a slightly distorted octahedral and an ideal trigonal prismatic coordination environment, while in K₃LuSi₂O₇, containing the smallest of the rare earths, lutetium is found solely in an octahedral coordination environment. The structure of K₃LuSi₂O₇ crystallizes in space group P6₃/mmc with a=5.71160(10) Å and c=13.8883(6) Å. The structures containing the remaining rare earths crystallize in the space group P6₃/mcm with the lattice parameters of a=9.9359(2) Å, c=14.4295(4) Å, (K₃GdSi₂O₇); a=9.88730(10) Å, c=14.3856(3) Å, (K₃TbSi₂O₇); a=9.8673(2) Å, c=14.3572(4) Å, (K₃DySi₂O₇); a=9.8408(3) Å, c=14.3206(6) Å, (K₃HoSi₂O₇); a=9.82120(10) Å, c=14.2986(2) Å, (K₃ErSi₂O₇); a=9.80200(10) Å, c=14.2863(4) Å, (K₃TmSi₂O₇); a=9.78190(10) Å, c=14.2401(3) Å, (K₃YbSi₂O₇). The optical properties of the silicates were investigated and K₃TbSi₂O₇ was found to fluoresce in the visible.     

Near infrared study of aqueous rare-earth ethylsulfates

The near infrared spectra of aqueous solutions of the ethylsulfates of La, Nd, Gd, Tb, Er, Yb, Lu, Y, and Na have been determined from about 0.2 mol-dm^–3 to nearly saturation. The extinction coefficients of water have been calculated taking into account the absorption of ethylslfate anions determined in separate experiments. Their values appeared to be nearly the same as that of pure water. The relative contents of free OH groups in 0.5 and 0.7M solutions have been estimated from the absorbances at 1160 nm. They were lower in solutions of the heavy rare-earth ethylsulfates (Tb, Er, Yb, Lu) than in equimolar solutions of the lighter ones (La, Nd), confirming our previous view that secondary hydration of the heavy trivalent rare-earth cations is distinctly stronger than that of the lighter ones. A comparison of the spectra of these aqueous ethylsulfates with those of perchlorates shows that the structure-breaking ability of the C₂H₅SO ₄ ^– ion is much smaller than that of perchlorate anion.     

The crystal chemistry of Bi6TP2O15+x, T=Fe, Ni, Zn: Isomorphism and polymorphism, structural relationship to Bi6TiP2O16

The crystal structures of compounds with nominal compositions Bi₆FeP₂O_15+x (I), Bi₆NiP₂O_15+x (II) and Bi₆ZnP₂O_15+x (III) were determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. They are monoclinic, space group I2, Z=2. The lattice parameters for (I) are a=11.2644(7), b=5.4380(3), c=11.1440(5) Å, β=96.154(4)°; for (II) a=11.259(7), b=5.461(4), c=11.109(7) Å, β=96.65(1)°; for (III) a=19.7271(5), b=5.4376(2), c=16.9730(6) Å, β=131.932(1)°. Least squares refinements on F² converged for (I) to R1=0.0554, wR₂=0.1408; for (II) R₁=0.0647, wR₂=0.1697; for (III) R₁=0.0385, wR₂=0.1023. The crystals are complexly twinned by 2-fold rotation about , by inversion and by mirror reflection. The structures consist of edge-sharing articulations of OBi₄ tetrahedra forming layers in the a-c plane that then continue by edge-sharing parallel to the b-axis. The three-dimensional networks are bridged by Fe and Ni octahedra in (I) and (II) and by Zn trigonal bipyramids in (III) as well as by oxygen atoms of the PO₄ moieties. Bi also randomly occupies the octahedral sites. Oxygen vacancies exist in the structures of the three compounds due to required charge balances and they occur in the octahedral coordination polyhedron of the transition metal. In compound (III), no positional disorder in atomic sites is present. The Bi-O coordination polyhedra are trigonal prisms with one, two or three faces capped. Magnetic susceptibility data for compound (I) were obtained between 4.2 and 350 K. Between 4.2 and 250 K it is paramagnetic, μ_eff=6.1 μ_B; a magnetic transition occurs above 250 K.     

电感耦合等离子体光谱法(ICP-AES)测定银精矿中铜、铅、锌、砷、镉、钙、镁、锰含量

针对银精矿样品复杂,难消解的特点,研究了不同酸溶法和碱熔法对样品的消解情况,建立了硝酸,盐酸,氢氟酸,高氯酸消解银精矿的方法。根据元素灵敏度和抗干扰性,选定各元素的测定波长。通过酸溶样和碱熔样测定结果比对,验证了方法准确性。建立了四酸消解-电感耦合等离子体光谱法测定银精矿中铜、铅、锌、砷、镉、钙、镁、锰含量的方法,元素的线性相关系数均在0.9999以上。通过共存元素干扰实验,确定了银精矿中高含量元素(铜、铅、锌、铁、锑、铋等)对测定元素结果没有影响。方法检出限：Cu 0.0063 mg/L, Pb 0.0159 mg/L ,Zn 0.0090 mg/L,As 0.0192 mg/L, Cd 0.0093 mg/L ,Ca 0.0084 mg/L, Mg 0.0075 mg/L, Mn 0.0081 mg/L。测定下限：Cu 0.0105mg/L,Pb 0.0265 mg/L, Zn 0.0150 mg/L, As 0.0320 mg/L, Cd 0.0155 mg/L, Ca 0.0140 mg/L, Mg 0.0125 mg/L,Mn 0.0135 mg/L。3个样品的相对标准偏差在0.87%~3.56%之间,加标回收率在95.00%~103.56%之间。方法流程短,操作简单,快速,灵敏度和再现性高,结果准确可靠,可以满足银精矿中铜、铅、锌、砷、镉、钙、镁、锰含量的测定。     

Structural studies of five layer Aurivillius oxides: A2Bi4Ti5O18 (A=Ca, Sr, Ba and Pb)

The room temperature structures of the five layer Aurivillius phases A₂Bi₄Ti₅O₁₈ (A=Ca, Sr, Ba and Pb) have been refined from powder neutron diffraction data using the Rietveld method. The structures consist of [Bi₂O₂]²⁺ layers interleaved with perovskite-like [A₂Bi₂Ti₅O₁₆]²⁻ blocks. The structures were refined in the orthorhombic space group B2eb (SG. No. 41), Z=4, and the unit cell parameters of the oxides are a=5.4251(2), b=5.4034(1), c=48.486(1); a=5.4650(2), b=5.4625(3), c=48.852(1); a=5.4988(3), b=5.4980(4), c=50.352(1); a=5.4701(2), b=5.4577(2), c=49.643(1) for A=Ca, Sr, Ba and Pb, respectively. The structural features of the compounds were found similar to n=2-4 layers bismuth oxides. The strain caused by mismatch of cell parameter requirements for the [Bi₂O₂]²⁺ layers and perovskite-like [A₂Bi₂Ti₅O₁₆]²⁻ blocks were relieved by tilting of the TiO₆ octahedra. Variable temperature synchrotron X-ray studies for Ca and Pb compounds showed that the orthorhombic structure persisted up to 675 and 475 K, respectively. Raman spectra of the compounds are also presented.     

Preparation of ZrO2-TiO2-CeO2 and Its Application in the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH3

TiO₂,ZrO₂-TiO₂,andZrO₂-TiO₂-CeO₂ were prepared by co-precipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), specific surface area measurements (BET), temperature programmed desorption (NH₃-TPD), oxygen storage capacity (OSC), and temperature programmed reduction (H₂-TPR). The results showed that ZrO₂-TiO₂-CeO₂ exhibited large number of surface strong acid, possessed some oxygen storage capacity, and strong redox property. The three materials were used as supports and the monolith catalysts were prepared with 1% (w) V₂O₅ and 9% (w)WO₃ for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with ammonia in the presence of excessive O₂, and the results of catalytic activity showed that the catalyst used ZrO₂-TiO₂-CeO₂ as support yielded nearly 100% NO conversion at 275 °C at a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 10000 h⁻¹, and it had the best catalytic activity and showed great potential for practical application.     

The Phase Relations in the System In2O3–TiO2–MgO at 1100 and 1350°C

The phase relations in the system In₂O₃–TiO₂–MgO at 1100 and 1350°C are determined by a classical quenching method. In this system, there are four pseudobinary compounds, In₂TiO₅, MgTi₂O₅ (pseudobrookite type), MgTiO₃ (ilmenite type), and Mg₂TiO₄ (spinel type) at 1100°C. At 1350°C, in addition to these compounds there exist a spinel-type solid solution Mg_2−xIn_2xTi_1−xO₄ (0≤x≤1) and a compound In₆Ti₆MgO₂₂ with lattice constants a=5.9236(7) Å, b=3.3862(4) Å, c=6.3609(7) Å, β=108.15(1)°, and q=0.369, which is isostructural with the monoclinic In₃Ti₂FeO₁₀ in the system In₂O₃–TiO₂–MgO. The relation between the lattice constants of the spinel phase and the composition nearly satisfies Vegard's law. In₆Ti₆MgO₂₂ extends a solid solution range to In₂₀Ti₁₇Mg₃O₆₇ with lattice constants of a=5.9230(5) Å, b=3.3823(3) Å, c=6.3698(6) Å, β=108.10(5)°, and q=0.360. The distributions of constituent cations in the solid solutions are discussed in terms of their ionic radius and site preference effect.     

B2O3-Bi2O3-ZnO-Al2O3玻璃助烧剂对BaTiO3陶瓷烧结条件、晶体结构和介电性能的影响

通过调节B₂O₃-Bi₂O₃-ZnO-Al₂O₃(BBZA)玻璃的添加量研究其对钛酸钡(BaTiO₃)陶瓷烧结条件、晶体结构和介电性能的影响。结果表明：添加适量的BBZA玻璃能够有效地将BaTiO₃陶瓷烧结温度由1 350℃降至950℃,并使其致密化。同时,添加BBZA玻璃后,BaTiO₃的晶体结构随着烧结温度的升高而发生转变(立方相→四方相)。另外,BBZA玻璃的引入使BaTiO₃陶瓷的居里峰得到了有效的抑制和拓宽。陶瓷微观形貌显示,玻璃相均匀分布在BaTiO₃晶粒表面。优化的BaTiO₃陶瓷制备条件如下：BBZA添加量(质量分数)为2.0%,烧结温度为950℃。在该条件下制备的BaTiO₃陶瓷介电常数达到1 364,介电损耗低至1.2%。     

Microstructures of Some Bi-W-Nb-O Phases

Microstructures of three Bi-W-Nb-O phases have been examined by using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Bi₁₇W₂Nb₃O₃₉ and Bi₁₇WNb₃O₃₆ have incommensurate superstructures derived from the defect fluorite-type δ-Bi₂O₃ and can be regarded as intermediate phases between the type II solid solutions in the Bi-Nb-O and Bi-W-O systems. Bi₈W₂Nb₂O₂₃ has a Bi₂WO₆-like subunit cell with a stepped superstructure. Formation mechanisms of various superstructures are discussed.