Spectroscopy of Ce3+-doped and Ce3+-concentrated scintillators

Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnicka 10, 16200 Prague 6, Czech Republic. Published in Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vo. 62, No. 5, pp. 71–77, September–October, 1995.     

Evaluation of Ce3+ and alkali metal ions Co-doped LiSrAlF6 crystalline scintillators

High scintillation efficiency of Eu-doped LiSrAlF₆ (LiSAF) and LiCaAlF₆ (LiCAF) codoped with alkali metal ions has been reported in our recent studies. Thus in this paper, we demonstrated the scintillation properties of 1% Ce-doped LiSAF crystals with 1% alkali metal ions co-doping to increase the light yield and understand the scintillation mechanism. The crystals showed intense emission band corresponding to the 5d-4f transition of Ce³⁺, and their light yields under thermal neutron excitation were higher than that of the Ce only doped crystal. Especially, the light yield of Ce–Na co-doped crystal exceeded about two times that of Ce only doped one.     

LaOBr:Ce,Tb中Ce3+对Tb3+发光的影响

近年来人们对LaOBr:Tb的合成及其发光特性的研究日益增多。LaOBr:Tb不仅是良好的X光增感屏材料,也是较好的阴极射线发光材料。为了进一步提高它的亮度,降低了b的含量(因Tb很贵),寻求LaOBr中Tb3+发光的敏化剂是很重要的。     

LaOBr:Ce3+,Tb3+中Ce3+与Tb3+间能量传递

本文利用毫微秒技术在ns秒量级测量了不同浓度组分的LaOBr:Ce3+,Tb3+中Ce3+发射带的衰减常数τCe值和时间分辨光谱,确立了Ce3到Tb3+能量传递过程模型,建立了动力学方程和导出能量传递的计算公式。据此计算出Ce3+到Tb3+的能量传递几率和效率,得出Ce3+,Tb3+的最佳浓度。     

Influence of lead-related centers on luminescence of Ce3+ and Pr3+ centers in single crystalline films of aluminium perovskites and garnets

Luminescence characteristics of Ce³⁺- and Pr³⁺-doped aluminium perovskite (LuAlO₃, YAlO₃) and garnet (Lu₃Al₅O₁₂, Y₃Al₅O₁₂) single crystalline films, prepared by the liquid phase epitaxy method with the use of the PbO-based flux, were investigated by the time-resolved spectroscopy methods in the 80–300 K temperature range. The influence of various lead-related centers on the characteristics of the Ce³⁺- and Pr³⁺-related luminescence centers was studied. It was found that the presence of lead-related centers in the single crystalline films results in a decrease of the quantum efficiency and appearance of undesirable slow components in the luminescence decay kinetics. The possibilities of improving the scintillation characteristics of the single crystalline films were considered.     

CaS:Ce,Tb中Tb3+到Ce3+的能量传递

本文通过发射光谱、激发光谱和发光的衰减特性,研究了三价稀土离子Ce3+和Tb3+在CaS基质中的相互作用。实验结果表明,在CaS中Tb3+敏化了Ce3+的发光,监测Ce3+的发光(505nm),在激发光谱中出现Tb3+中心特征辐射的激发带。而且在CaS:Ce、Tb中,Ce3+中心的发光衰减变慢,衰减后期的慢成份正是反映了能量施主Tb3+的衰减特性,证明在CaS:Ce、Tb中存在着Tb3+到Ce3+的能量传递。     

YAG晶体中Ce^3＋对Er^3＋的敏化作用

通过求解（Ｃｅ，Ｅｒ）：ＹＡＧ和Ｅｒ：ＹＡＧ的能级跃迁速率方程，讨论了Ｃｅ＾３＋对Ｅｒ＾３＋离子的敏化作用。表明掺Ｃｅ＾３＋可增强Ｅｒ＾３＋离子１．６６μｍ波长的激光强度，但仅改变了１．６６μｍ波长激光粒子数反转，即Ｎ２（＾４Ｉ１２／２）〉Ｎ１（＾４Ｉ１５／２）与Ｅｒ＾３＋离子浓度的关系。     

Paramagnetische Resonanz von Er3+ und Ce3+ in Y2O3

The paramagnetic resonance of trivalent Er and Ce in single crystals of Y₂O₃ on sites of crystal field symmetryC _3i andC ₂ is investigated at 9.5 kMe/s. For Er³⁺ ions completing results to formerly published data are given. For Ce: Y₂O₃ the measured values of theg-tensors are:g _‖=0.394 andg _⊥=1.633 forC _3i -sites andg _z =0,g _x =2.938,g _y =0.819 forC ₂-sites. For ions on sites of symmetryC ₂ the principal axesx andy ofg are tilted 29.7° against the [100] directions.     

Energy transfer in CaSiO3 phosphors doped with Ce3+ and Tb3+

Calcium metasilicate phosphors activated by Ce³⁺ and Tb³⁺ have been studied for their emission characteristics. In two series of phosphors, one activator was kept at its optimum value while the other was varied. In another two series, one activator was kept below its optimum value and the other was varied. Concentration quenching effects start when each activator gives its maximum emission. There is clear evidence of an energy transfer from Ce³⁺ to Tb³⁺ because the⁵ D ₃ lines appear on addition of Ce³⁺ while they were conspicuously absent when Tb³⁺ alone was present. Their absence in singly activated phosphors could not have been due to cross-relaxation. Obviously X-ray excitation does not lead to⁵ D ₃ transitions which are achieved only by energy transfer. Further, considering the features of the emission spectra and the concentrations of activators used, the transfer could only be of the dipole-dipole type.     

Structure of metallic nanowires and nanoclusters formed in superfluid helium

It is shown that metallic nanowires (5–8 nm in diameter) that form during laser ablation of Ni, Pb, In, and Sn targets embedded in HeII contain extended single-crystal segments, while spherical clusters (about 2 μm in diameter) that form under these conditions have a regular shape and an atomically smooth surface. Such structures are explained by melting of metal ablation products under their coalescence in HeII. The short-term action of a low-intensity beam of electrons with an energy of 200 keV initiates the explosion in metallic spheres preserved in the vacuum chamber of a transmission electron microscope, which is accompanied with the formation of thousands of clusters with a diameter of a few nanometers. This effect is due to metastability of internal mechanical stresses produced upon sharp cooling of molten spheres by liquid helium. A mechanism of condensation of atoms and nanoparticles in quantized vortices of superfluid helium is proposed.     

Synthesis of crystalline Ge nanoclusters in PE-CVD-deposited SiO2 films

The synthesis of evenly distributed Ge nanoclusters in plasma-enhanced chemical-vapour-deposited (PE-CVD) SiO₂ thin films containing 8 at. % Ge is reported. This is of importance for the application of nanoclusters in semiconductor technology. The average diameter of the Ge nanoclusters can be controlled in the range of 3–6 nm by variation of the annealing parameters. Using a combination of transmission electron microscopy and Raman-scattering spectroscopy, the nanoclusters were shown to be crystalline. However, photoluminescence measurements showed no light emission that could be definitively correlated to the presence of the nanoclusters. PACS 61.82.Rx; 78.67.Bf; 81.07.Bc     

K2NaAlF6:Ce3+和KAlF4:Ce3+磷光体的光谱特性

采用高温固相反应法,在Ar气氛中,合成了K2NaAlF6和KAlF4基质化合物.分别测定了它们的结构,并计算了晶胞参数.测定了K2NaAlF6:Ce3+和KAlF4:Ce3+磷光体的激发光谱和荧光光谱,根据Ce3+的光谱结构的特点,讨论了Ce3+的取代格位.     

Paramagnetic faraday effect in Ce3+:YAG

The author thanks Josef Kvapil for supplying the samples and J. Hakenová for experimental assistance.     

Dipolar studies in CaF2 with Ce3+

Dielectric relaxation in CaF₂ doped with various amounts of Ce³⁺ (0·01 to 1·0 mol%) was measured. The value of the activation energy for orientation of the dipoles {Ce³⁺-F^? interstitial} was determined to be H = (0·46 ± 0·01) eV. The frequency factor was found to have the value τ_o = (5 ± 1) × 10^?15 sec, giving for the vibrational frequency of the interstitial the value ν_o = (5 ± 1) × 10¹³ sec^?1.The number of dipoles contributing to the dielectric loss peak was determined to be between 10¹⁷ and 8 × 10¹⁷ cm^?3 for the different doping amounts of Ce³⁺. Optical absorption measurements showed the existence of large aggregate bands. We could verify that there exists a second-order reaction of aggregation, which is responsible for the non-linearity found between optical absorption at 305 nm and the nominal concentration of Ce³⁺ in the samples. On the other hand, if we assume that the centers which contribute to optical absorption at 305 nm are those also responsible for the relaxation peak, we find that the number contributing to each process is not the same. We can define an interaction radius R as the minimum separation between two dipoles allowing them to contribute to the relaxation peak. From our experimental data R ? 3·8 × 10^?7 cm.