On the Boltzmann equation for Fermi-Dirac particles with very soft potentials: Global existence of weak solutions

For general initial data we prove the global existence and weak stability of weak solutions of the Boltzmann equation for Fermi-Dirac particles in a periodic box for very soft potentials (−5<γ?−3) with a weak angular cutoff. In particular the Coulomb interaction (γ=−3) with the weak angular cutoff is included. The conservation of energy and moment estimates are also proven under a further angular cutoff. The proof is based on the entropy inequality, velocity averaging compactness of weak solutions, and various continuity properties of general Boltzmann collision integral operators.     

Existence of local solutions for the Boltzmann equation without angular cutoff

We consider the spatially inhomogeneous Boltzmann equation without angular cutoff. We prove the existence and uniqueness of local classical solutions to the Cauchy problem, in the function space with Maxwellian type exponential decay with respect to the velocity variable. To cite this article: R. Alexandre et al., C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 347 (2009).     

Sur le taux de dissipation d'entropie sans troncature angulaire

We show that, if a function has a bounded entropic dissipation rate, then it satisfies some regularity like estimates; this is done in linear and nonlinear 3D cases, without angular cutoff, and for power laws as 1/r^s, with s > 2.     

Sur l'équation de boltzmann homogène et sa relation avec l'équation de landau-fokker-planck: influence des collisions rasantes

We prove the existence of weak solutions of the spatially homogeneous Boltzmann equation without angular cut-off assumption for inverse s^th power molecules with s ≥ 7/3, and general initial data with bounded mass, kinetic energy and entropy. Next, we show the convergence of these solutions to solutions of the Landau-Fokker-Planck equation when the collision kernel concentrates around the value π/2     

Probability Approaches to Spatially Homogeneous Boltzmann Equations

Abstract

This article is devoted to the study of the probability measure solutions to the spatially homogeneous Boltzmann equations. First, we provide a measure theoretical treatment to the Boltzmann collision operator. Then, the existence results both for the cutoff kernels and the non cutoff ones are established in the sense of measure-valued solutions. We also give a partial uniqueness result and some estimates for pth order moment (p > 2).     

One-dimensional stochastic Burgers equation driven by Lévy processes

In this paper, we proved the global existence and uniqueness of the strong, weak and mild solutions for one-dimensional Burgers equation perturbed by a Poisson form process, a Poisson form and Q-Wiener process with the Dirichlet bounded condition. We also proved the existence of the invariant measure of these models.     

On the solutions of a functional equation of dhombres

Continuous solutions of the functional equation ?(x?(x)) = (?(x))² for x ∈ [0,∞) have been characterized by Dhombres. They form a simple, two-parametric family and the result can be easily extended to solutions on the whole real line. However, the class of all solutions is much larger. We show that there is a solution ? whose graph has, among others, the full outer two-dimensional Lebesgue measure. It turns out that partial restrictions, like boundedness, monotonicity and/or continuity on a subinterval do not imply the continuity of solutions. In particular, the class of monotonic solutions has interesting properties. We provide some techniques of constructing such solutions and show that, among others, there is a strictly increasing solution ? whose points of discontinuity form a dense set in R.     

The Perron method for p-harmonic functions in metric spaces

We use the Perron method to construct and study solutions of the Dirichlet problem for p-harmonic functions in proper metric measure spaces endowed with a doubling Borel measure supporting a weak (1,q)-Poincaré inequality (for some 1?q<p). The upper and lower Perron solutions are constructed for functions defined on the boundary of a bounded domain and it is shown that these solutions are p-harmonic in the domain. It is also shown that Newtonian (Sobolev) functions and continuous functions are resolutive, i.e. that their upper and lower Perron solutions coincide, and that their Perron solutions are invariant under perturbations of the function on a set of capacity zero. We further study the problem of resolutivity and invariance under perturbations for semicontinuous functions. We also characterize removable sets for bounded p-(super)harmonic functions.     

Some remarks on planar Boussinesq equations

The main purpose of this paper is to prove the well-posedness of the two-dimensional Boussinesq equations when the initial vorticity ω 0 ∈L1 (R 2 ) (or the finite Radon measure space). Using the stream function form of the equations and the Schauder fixed-point theorem to get the new proof of these results, we get that when the initial vorticity is smooth, there exists a unique classical solutions for the Cauchy problem of the two dimensional Boussinesq equations.     

Bound states of the Schrödinger-Newton model in low dimensions

We prove the existence of quasi-stationary symmetric solutions with exactly n≥0 zeros and uniqueness for n=0 for the Schrödinger-Newton model in one dimension and in two dimensions along with an angular momentum m≥0. Our result is based on an analysis of the corresponding system of second-order differential equations.     

Removable sets for continuous solutions of semilinear elliptic equations

We discuss the possible removability of sets for continuous solutions of semilinear elliptic equations of the form ???u =?F(x, u). In particular, we show that a set E in ${\mathbb{R}^{n}}$ is removable for ??-H?lder continuous solutions of such equations if and only if n ? 2?+???-dimensional Hausdorff measure of E is zero.     

Symmetric excited states for a mean-field model for a nucleon

In this paper, we consider a stationary model for a nucleon interacting with the ω and σ mesons in the atomic nucleus. The model is relativistic, and we study it in a nuclear physics nonrelativistic limit. By a shooting method, we prove the existence of infinitely many solutions with a given angular momentum. These solutions are ordered by the number of nodes of each component.     

Probability methods and nonlinear analysis

The concepts of accretive and differentiable operator in a Banach space B are used to show that certain approximations to a solution of a nonlinear evolution equation converge. When B is a space of continuous functions it is shown that the approximations and the solution be represented as integrals with respect to a signed measure on a function space. As an example, a new proof is given for the existence and uniqueness of solutions to a nonlinear parabolic differential equations with coefficients dependent upon solutions. Integral representations of these solutions follow.     

Anomalous subdiffusion in angular and radial direction on a circular comb-like structure with nonisotropic relaxation

This paper presents a research for the anomalous diffusion on a circular comb-like structure with nonisotropic relaxation in angular and radial direction. The nonlinear governing equation is formulated and solved by finite volume method (FVM), which is verified with the analytical one in a particular case. The effects of involved parameters on mean squared displacements (MSD) are discussed and a particular characteristic of two periods of time are found: in a long period and a relatively short period. We find that MSD converges to a constant as the particles saturate the circular comb structure (because of the finite region) for a long period, but it has a growth form of t^α on τ ≪ t ≪ 1 for a relatively short period, where τ is the maximum of two relaxation parameters in radial τ_r and angular τ_θ respectively. Moreover, the influence of the nonisotropic relaxation parameters on exponent α is also analyzed. From these, we may assert that there exists an invariant for α ( ≈ 1/2), which is independent of relaxation parameters.     

Deformation of scalar curvature and volume

We address the vanishing viscosity limit of the regularized problem studied in Smarrazzo and Tesei [Arch Rat Mech Anal 2012 (in press)]. We show that the limiting points in a suitable topology of the family of solutions of the regularized problem can be regarded as suitably defined weak measure-valued solutions of the original problem. In general, these solutions are the sum of a regular term, which is absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure, and a singular term, which is a Radon measure singular with respect to the other. By using a family of entropy inequalities, we prove that the singular term is nondecreasing in time. We also characterize the disintegration of the Young measure associated with the regular term, proving that it is a superposition of two Dirac masses with support on the branches of the graph of the nonlinearity ${\varphi}$ .     

Self-similar solutions for a class of non-divergence form equations

In this paper, we study the self-similar solutions for a non-divergence form equation of the form $$u(x, t)=(t + 1)^{-\alpha}f((t + 1)^{\beta}|x|^2).$$ We first establish the existence and uniqueness of solutions f with compact supports, which implies that the self-similar solution is shrink. On the basis of this, we also establish the convergent rates of these solutions on the boundary of the supports. On the other hands, we also consider the convergent speeds of solutions, and compare which with Dirac function as t tends to infinity.     

Measure-valued solutions and the phenomenon of blow-down in logarithmic diffusion

The existence of solutions of elliptic and parabolic equations with data a measure has always been quite important for the general theory, a prominent example being the fundamental solutions of the linear theory. In nonlinear equations the existence of such solutions may find special obstacles, that can be either essential, or otherwise they may lead to more general concepts of solution. We give a particular review of results in the field of nonlinear diffusion.As a new contribution, we study in detail the case of logarithmic diffusion, associated with Ricci flow in the plane, where we can prove existence of measure-valued solutions. The surprising thing is that these solutions become classical after a finite time. In that general setting, the standard concept of weak solution is not adequate, but we can solve the initial-value problem for the logarithmic diffusion equation in the plane with bounded nonnegative measures as initial data in a suitable class of measure solutions. We prove that the problem is well-posed. The phenomenon of blow-down in finite time is precisely described: initial point masses diffuse into the medium and eventually disappear after a finite time Ti=Mi/4π.     

Compactness and gradient bounds for solutions of the mean curvature system in two independent variables

We establish here a priori estimates for the gradient of solutions of the minimal surface system in two independent variables and for the curvature of their graphs. With the intent of extending these results to graphs with nonzero mean curvature vectors, we then analyze the compactness properties of smooth (C ²) solutions of the mean curvature system. Using a geometric measure theory approach we are able to classify the possible behaviors of a sequence {u _?(x)} of such solutions, under the assumption that a uniform bound on the area of the graphs holds and suitable hypotheses on the length of the mean curvature vectorH(x). In particular, this implies the existence of an a priori gradient bound depending on the oscillation of the solutionu(x).     

On a General Class of Nonlocal Equations

Motivated by recent developments in cosmology and string theory, we introduce a functional calculus appropriate for the study of non-linear nonlocal equations of the form f(Δ)u = U(x, u(x)) on Euclidean space. We prove that under some technical assumptions, these equations admit smooth solutions. We also consider nonlocal equations on compact Riemannian manifolds, and we prove the existence of smooth solutions. Moreover, in the Euclidean case we present conditions on f which guarantee that the solutions we find are, in fact, real-analytic.     

Instability results for the damped wave equation in unbounded domains

We extend some previous results for the damped wave equation in bounded domains in to the unbounded case. In particular, we show that if the damping term is of the form αa with bounded a taking on negative values on a set of positive measure, then there will always exist unbounded solutions for sufficiently large positive α.In order to prove these results, we generalize some existing results on the asymptotic behaviour of eigencurves of one-parameter families of Schrödinger operators to the unbounded case, which we believe to be of interest in their own right.