The geometrical stability of non-linear normal modes in two degree of freedom systems

The geometrical stability of the non-linear normal mode vibrations of a class of two degree of freedom dynamical systems is studied by utilizing the definitions and analysis of Synge's “Geometry of Dynamics.”It is shown that instabilities can occur for small amplitudes of vibration only if (a) one of the associated linear normal modes possesses a frequency which is nearly a multiple of the frequency of the other linear normal mode, or (b) the frequency of one linear normal mode is nearly zero.     

Vibration of a non-linear single degree of freedom system due to poissonian impulse excitation

The behaviour of a non-linear single degree of freedom system, subjected to a random excitation in the form of Poissonian impulse sequence is investigated. The stochastic linearization technique and the generalized FPK equation are used to obtain a characteristic function and moments of system response probability distribution. A digital simulation method is applied to verify the results obtained.     

On the harmonic balance with linearization for asymmetric single degree of freedom non-linear oscillators

This paper deals with analytical approximation of non-linear oscillations of conservative asymmetric single degree of freedom systems, using the method of harmonic balance with linearization. This technique which consists of linearizing the governing equations prior to harmonic balance permits us to avoid solving complicated non-linear algebraic equations. But it could be applied only to symmetric oscillations for which it proves to be very simple and effective. This restriction is due to the fact that the method requires an appropriate initial approximate solution as input. Such a solution could not be readily identified for nonsymmetric oscillations, contrary the symmetric case where the fundamental harmonic works well. For these nonsymmetric oscillations, we propose in this paper to consider an initial approximation which consists of a small bias plus the fundamental harmonic. By expanding the corresponding harmonic balance equations respectively to first and second order in the bias, we are able to easily determine the bias and thus the required initial approximate solution that yields consistent solution at higher order. We use three examples to illustrate the proposed approach and reveal its simplicity and its very good convergence.     

Slip motion and stability of a single degree of freedom elastic system with rate and state dependent friction

We consider quasistatic motion and stability of a single degree of freedom elastic system undergoing frictional slip. The system is represented by a block (slider) slipping at speed V and connected by a spring of stiffness k to a point at which motion is enforced at speed V₀ We adopt rate and state dependent frictional constitutive relations for the slider which describe approximately experimental results of Dieterich and Ruina over a range of slip speeds V. In the simplest relation the friction stress depends additively on a term A In V and a state variable θ; the state variable θ evolves, with a characteristic slip distance, to the value ? B In V, where the constants A, B are assumed to satisfy B > A > 0. Limited results are presented based on a similar friction law using two state variables.Linearized stability analysis predicts constant slip rate motion at V₀ to change from stable to unstable with a decrease in the spring stiffness k below a critical value k_cr. At neutral stability oscillations in slip rate are predicted. A nonlinear analysis of slip motions given here uses the Hopf bifurcation technique, direct determination of phase plane trajectories, Liapunov methods and numerical integration of the equations of motion. Small but finite amplitude limit cycles exist for one value of k, if one state variable is used. With two state variables oscillations exist for a small range of k which undergo period doubling and then lead to apparently chaotic motions as k is decreased.Perturbations from steady sliding are imposed by step changes in the imposed load point motion. Three cases are considered: (1) the load point speed V₀ is suddenly increased; (2) the load point is stopped for some time and then moved again at a constant rate; and (3) the load point displacement suddenly jumps and then stops. In all cases, for all values of k:, sufficiently large perturbations lead to instability. Primary conclusions are: (1) ‘stick-slip’ instability is possible in systems for which steady sliding is stable, and (2) physical manifestation of quasistatic oscillations is sensitive to material properties, stiffness, and the nature and magnitude of load perturbations.     

滑块在平面上是如何运动的

滑块在平面上的运动在完全刚性地基假设下其运动方程存在内在的矛盾. 在将地基看作 弹性的前提下求解了这个问题,并根据所得解的物理意义,解释了摩擦激振的基本原理.     

两个自由度的单质点体系自振频率及振型计算

对于具有两个自由度的单质点体系自由振动,先假定一个振动方向,求出该振动方向的柔度系数,对柔度系数求极值,满足柔度极大值的方向即是第1振型方向,由振型正交性原理可确定第2振型. 由此将两个自由度体系的计算变成了单自由度体系的计算,根据求出的柔度系数,可方便地求出自振频率.     

钢柱抗爆响应分析单自由度模型适用性评估

为评估单自由度(SDOF)模型在结构抗爆设计中的适用性,分别采用SDOF模型和通用有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对简支钢柱承受爆炸荷载时的动力响应进行模拟;对比二者计算结果,并以有限元模拟为准,分析SDOF模型的适用范围。研究表明:可按照自由振动阶段SDOF模型位移结果的振幅大小,将其位移响应划分为有限变形阶段、临界阶段、失稳破坏阶段,有限变形阶段SDOF模型与有限元结果基本一致;截面高宽比、翼缘宽厚比对钢柱动力破坏形式有重要影响,高宽比越大、翼缘的宽厚比越小,越容易发生平面外弯扭失稳;在SDOF模型中通过假定塑性铰分布长度计算塑性阶段应变及应变率,采用随时间变化的应变率计算Cowper-Symonds本构关系中的应力放大系数是可行的。     

On the analytical approximation of damped oscillations of autonomous single degree of freedom oscillators

In this paper, we discuss the generalization of a recently developed perturbation method for conservative single degree of freedom systems to the cases of damping forces. We show that by explicitly considering the solution as a function of the amplitude parameter, frequency and phase of oscillation, one can merge the classical Krylov–Bogoliubov–Mitropolsky method and a modified Lindstedt–Poincaré method to derive better accurate slow-flow for damped oscillation of single degree of freedom systems.     

Two degree of freedom gyroscopic systems with linear integrals

In this paper we consider the first integrals, linear in velocities, of conservative gyroscopic systems with two degrees of freedom. A precise criterion which specifies whether a given gyroscopic system possesses a linear integral is derived. When the kinetic energy has the structure of a standard form of the metric of revolution, all the possible systems which admit a linear integral and corresponding integrals are determined explicitly. Two examples are considered to illustrate the usefulness of the derived results.     

A single degree of freedom ‘lollipop’ model for carbon nanotube bundle formation

Current carbon nanotube (CNT) synthesis methods include the production of ordered, free-standing vertically aligned arrays, the properties of which are partially governed by interactions between adjacent tubes. Using material parameters determined by atomistic methods, here we represent individual CNTs by a simple single degree of freedom ‘lollipop’ model to investigate the formation, mechanics, and self-organization of CNT bundles driven by weak van der Waals interactions. The computationally efficient simple single degree of freedom model enables us to study arrays consisting of hundreds of thousands of nanotubes. The effects of nanotube parameters such as aspect ratio, bending stiffness, and surface energy, on formation and bundle size, as well as the intentional manipulation of bundle pattern formation, are investigated. We report studies with both single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and double wall carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) with varying aspect ratios (that is, varying height). We calculate the local density distributions of the nanotube bundles and show that there exists a maximum attainable bundle density regardless of an increase in surface energy for nanotubes with given spacing and stiffness. In addition to applications to CNTs, our model can also be applied to other types of nanotube arrays (e.g. protein nanotubes, polymer nanofilaments).     

Adiabatic invariants for dynamical systems with one degree of freedom

Adiabatic invariants for dynamical systems with one degree of freedom, whose equation of motion is (1), and where the existence of the corresponding Hamilton action integral is not imposed, are established. The adiabatic invariants may vary according to their structure. Using the theory a few particular problems, including non-autonomous Duffing and Van der Pol oscillators, are analysed. Finally, it is indicated how the adiabatic invariants can be used for finding approximate solutions, stability analyses and for plotting phase curves.     

大学物理《力学》中的自由度分析

对《力学》中的物体自由度进行多方面分析,以深化教学、提高学生正 确分析物理问题的能力.使用实际教学分析的研究方法,在《力学》范围内讨论自由度与坐标、 自由与约束的关系并得以下结论: (1) 同一物体的自由度随其所在的``空间'不同而不同, 不因坐标系的选取不同而 异, 在同类参考系中不因参考系的动静而有别;(2)自由度遵循叠加原理. 讨论了质点系的总自由度及相关计算问题,并指出研究《力学》中自由度的意义.     

Multiple parametric resonance in a non-linear two degree of freedom system

A non-linear two degrees of freedom dynamical system subjected to parametric excitation is studied. The relationship between the parametric frequency and the natural frequencies of the system are such that the first generalized coordinate is excited into parametric resonance while both generalized coordinates are excited into combination resonance at the same time. The unstable zone and response of the system under multi-resonant condition are then compared with the unstable zones and responses of the system where each type of resonance is treated on an individual basis, assuming the other type of resonance does not occur.     

一个简洁有效的带旋转自由度的平面三角形单元

从原始的Allman单元[1]出发,构造出一个简洁有效的带有旋转自由度的平面三角形单元。该单元基本保持了Allman单元的精度,同时消除了多余的零能模式,而且使转动自由度等同于连续介质力学中关于旋转分量的定义,并对旋转自由度自身的正确性进行了考核。