Weakly open sets in the unit ball of some Banach spaces and the centralizer

We show that every Banach space X whose centralizer is infinite-dimensional satisfies that every non-empty weakly open set in BY has diameter 2, where (N-fold symmetric projective tensor product of X, endowed with the symmetric projective norm), for every natural number N. We provide examples where the above conclusion holds that includes some spaces of operators and infinite-dimensional C^∗-algebras. We also prove that every non-empty weak^∗ open set in the unit ball of the space of N-homogeneous and integral polynomials on X has diameter two, for every natural number N, whenever the Cunningham algebra of X is infinite-dimensional. Here we consider the space of N-homogeneous integral polynomials as the dual of the space (N-fold symmetric injective tensor product of X, endowed with the symmetric injective norm). For instance, every infinite-dimensional L₁(μ) satisfies that its Cunningham algebra is infinite-dimensional. We obtain the same result for every non-reflexive L-embedded space, and so for every predual of an infinite-dimensional von Neumann algebra.     

A variational approach to norm attainment of some operators and polynomials

If X is an Asplund space, then every uniformly continuous function on Bx＊ which is holomorphic on the open unit ball, can be perturbed by a w＊ continuous and homogeneous polynomial on X＊ to obtain a norm attaining function on the dual unit ball. This is a consequence of a version of Bourgain-Stegall＇s variational principle. We also show that the set of N-homogeneous polynomials between two Banach spaces X and Y whose transposes attain their norms is dense in the corresponding space of N-homogeneous polynomials. In the case when Y is the space of Radon measures on a compact K, this result can be strengthened.     

Absolutely summing polynomials on Banach spaces with unconditional basis

If X is a Banach space with a normalized unconditional Schauder basis (xn), we define whenever and obtain estimates for μX,(xn) when every continuous m-homogeneous polynomial from X into Y is absolutely (q,1) summing. Our results provide new information on coincidence situations between the space of absolutely summing m-homogeneous polynomials and the whole space of continuous m-homogeneous polynomials. In particular, when m=1, we obtain new contributions to the linear theory of absolutely summing operators.     

Numerically hypercyclic polynomials

In this paper, we show that every complex Banach space X with dimension at least 2 supports a numerically hypercyclic d-homogeneous polynomial P for every ${d\in \mathbb{N}}$ . Moreover, if X is infinite-dimensional, then one can find hypercyclic non-homogeneous polynomials of arbitrary degree which are at the same time numerically hypercyclic. We prove that weighted shift polynomials cannot be numerically hypercyclic neither on c ₀ nor on ? _p for 1??? p?<???. In contrast, we characterize numerically hypercyclic weighted shift polynomials on ?_??.     

Uniqueness of extensions of homogeneous polynomials on c0-sum of Hilbert spaces

We study the uniqueness of norm-preserving extension of n-homogeneous polynomials on X, where X is a c₀-sum of Hilbert spaces. We show that there exists a unique norm-preserving extension for norm-attaining 2-homogeneous polynomials on X to X″, but this result fails for homogeneous polynomials of degree greater than 2.     

Duality and Reflexivity of Spaces of Approximable Polynomials on Locally Convex Spaces

 We develop a duality theory for spaces of approximable n-homogeneous polynomials on locally convex spaces, generalising results previously obtained for Banach spaces. For E a Fréchet space with its dual having the approximation property and with E′ _b locally Asplund we show that the space of n-homogeneous polynomials on (E′ _b )′ _b is the inductive dual of the space of boundedly weakly continuous n-homogeneous polynomials on E. We show that when E is a reflexive Fréchet space, the space of n-homogeneous polynomials on E is reflexive if and only if every n-homogeneous polynomial on E is boundedly weakly continuous. (Received 24 March 1999; in final form 14 February 2000)     

Duality and Reflexivity of Spaces of Approximable Polynomials on Locally Convex Spaces

 We develop a duality theory for spaces of approximable n-homogeneous polynomials on locally convex spaces, generalising results previously obtained for Banach spaces. For E a Fréchet space with its dual having the approximation property and with E′ _b locally Asplund we show that the space of n-homogeneous polynomials on (E′ _b )′ _b is the inductive dual of the space of boundedly weakly continuous n-homogeneous polynomials on E. We show that when E is a reflexive Fréchet space, the space of n-homogeneous polynomials on E is reflexive if and only if every n-homogeneous polynomial on E is boundedly weakly continuous.     

Homogeneity and h-homogeneity

The relations between zero-dimensional homogeneous spaces and h-homogeneous ones are investigated. We suggest an indication of h  -homogeneity for a homogeneous zero-dimensional paracompact space and its modification for a topological group. We describe some cases when the product X×Y$X\times Y$ is an h-homogeneous space provided X is h-homogeneous and Y is homogeneous.     

Spaces of N-homogeneous polynomials between Fréchet spaces

Properties of the Nachbin-ported topology on spaces of N-homogeneous polynomials between Fréchet spaces are investigated by applying results on derived functors.     

Every Banach ideal of polynomials is compatible with an operator ideal

We show that for each Banach ideal of homogeneous polynomials, there exists a (necessarily unique) Banach operator ideal compatible with it. Analogously, we prove that any ideal of n-homogeneous polynomials belongs to a coherent sequence of ideals of k-homogeneous polynomials.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">E′</Emphasis> and its relation with vector-valued functions on<Emphasis Type="Italic">E</Emphasis>

We study the relation between different spaces of vector-valued polynomials and analytic functions over dual-isomorphic Banach spaces. Under conditions of regularity onE andF, we show that the spaces ofX-valuedn-homogeneous polynomials and analytic functions of bounded type onE andF are isomorphic wheneverX is a dual space. Also, we prove that many of the usual subspaces of polynomials and analytic functions onE andF are isomorphic without conditions on the involved spaces.     

Zeros of Polynomials on Banach Spaces: The Real Story

Let E be a real Banach space. We show that either E admits a positive definite 2-homogeneous polynomial or every 2-homogeneous polynomial on E has an infinite dimensional subspace on which it is identically zero. Under addition assumptions, we show that such subspaces are non-separable. We examine analogous results for nuclear and absolutely (1,2)-summing 2-homogeneous polynomials and give necessary and sufficient conditions on a compact set K so that C(K) admits a positive definite 2-homogeneous polynomial or a positive definite nuclear 2-homogeneous polynomial.     

Slices in the unit ball of the symmetric tensor product of $\mathcal{C}(K)$ and L1(μ)

We prove that for the cases (K infinite) and X=L ₁(μ) (μ σ-finite and atomless) it holds that every slice of the unit ball of the N-fold symmetric tensor product of X has diameter two. In fact, we prove more general results for weak neighborhoods relative to the unit ball. As a consequence, we deduce that the spaces of N-homogeneous polynomials on those classical Banach spaces have no points of Fréchet differentiability. Dedicated to Angel Rodríguez Palacios on the occasion of his 60th birthday.     

James' Theorem Fails for Starlike Bodies

Starlike bodies are interesting in nonlinear functional analysis because they are strongly related to bump functions and to n-homogeneous polynomials on Banach spaces, and their geometrical properties are thus worth studying. In this paper we deal with the question whether James' theorem on the characterization of reflexivity holds for (smooth) starlike bodies, and we establish that a feeble form of this result is trivially true for starlike bodies in nonreflexive Banach spaces, but a reasonable strong version of James' theorem for starlike bodies is never true, even in the smooth case. We also study the related question as to how large the set of gradients of a bump function can be, and among other results we obtain the following new characterization of smoothness in Banach spaces: a Banach space X has a C¹ Lipschitz bump function if and only if there exists another C¹ smooth Lipschitz bump function whose set of gradients contains the unit ball of the dual space X*. This result might also be relevant to the problem of finding an Asplund space with no smooth bump functions.     

Banach Spaces Admitting a Separating Polynomial and L P Spaces

 We prove that in a Banach space admitting a separating polynomial, each weakly null normalized sequence has a subsequence which is equivalent to the usual basis of some , p an even integer. We show that for each even integer p, the Schatten class admits a separating polynomial. For a space with a basis admitting a 4-homogeneous separating polynomial, we relate the unconditionality of the basis with the existence of certain type of polynomials defined in terms of infinite symmetric matrices. We find relations between the properties of the entries of these matrices and the geometrical structure of the space. Finally we study the existence of convex 4-homogeneous separating polynomials. Received 3 January 2001     

Banach Spaces Admitting a Separating Polynomial and L P Spaces

 We prove that in a Banach space admitting a separating polynomial, each weakly null normalized sequence has a subsequence which is equivalent to the usual basis of some , p an even integer. We show that for each even integer p, the Schatten class admits a separating polynomial. For a space with a basis admitting a 4-homogeneous separating polynomial, we relate the unconditionality of the basis with the existence of certain type of polynomials defined in terms of infinite symmetric matrices. We find relations between the properties of the entries of these matrices and the geometrical structure of the space. Finally we study the existence of convex 4-homogeneous separating polynomials.     

Polynomial reflexivity in Banach spaces

We ask when the space ofN-homogeneous analytic polynomials on a Banach space is reflexive. This turns out to be related to whether polynomials are weakly sequentially continuous, and to the geometry of spreading models. For example, if these spaces are reflexive for allN, no quotient of the dual space may have a spreading model with an upperq-estimate, and every bounded holomorphic function on the unit ball has a Taylor series made up of weakly sequentially continuous polynomials (we assume the approximation property). Alencar, Aron and Dineen [AAD] gave the first example of some properties of a polynomially reflexive space (usingT*, the original Tsirelson space); we show that these properties and others are shared by all polynomially reflexive spaces. This paper forms a portion of the Ph. D. dissertation of the author, under the supervision of W. B. Johnson.     

Extension of vector-valued integral polynomials

We study the extendibility of integral vector-valued polynomials on Banach spaces. We prove that an X-valued Pietsch-integral polynomial on E extends to an X-valued Pietsch-integral polynomial on any space F containing E, with the same integral norm. This is not the case for Grothendieck-integral polynomials: they do not always extend to X-valued Grothendieck-integral polynomials. However, they are extendible to X-valued polynomials. The Aron-Berner extension of an integral polynomial is also studied. A canonical integral representation is given for domains not containing ?₁.     

Isometries between spaces of homogeneous polynomials

We derive Banach-Stone theorems for spaces of homogeneous polynomials. We show that every isometric isomorphism between the spaces of homogeneous approximable polynomials on real Banach spaces E and F is induced by an isometric isomorphism of E^′ onto F^′. With an additional geometric condition we obtain the analogous result in the complex case. Isometries between spaces of homogeneous integral polynomials and between the spaces of all n-homogeneous polynomials are also investigated.